. 


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HISTORY 


OF  THE 


Medical  Profession 


CAMDEN  COUNTY,  N.  J., 


Including  a  brief  review  of  the 


Charitable  Institutions  Within  the  County. 


H.  L.  B.  GODFREY,  A.M.,  M.D., 

Colonel  and  Assistant  Surgeon-General  of  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey  ;  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  ;  Secretary  of  the  New  Jersey 
State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners;  Ex-President  of  the  New  Jersey  Sanitary 
Association,  the  Military  Order  of  Surgeons  of  New  Jersey,  the 
Camden    District  and   City  Medical  Societies;  Physician  to 
The  Cooper  Hospital  ;  Lecturer  on  Medical  Nursing 
in  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses  ; 
Member  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, the  Association  of  Mil- 
itary Surgeons  of the 
United  States, 
etc.,  etc. 


PHILADELPHIA 

The  F.  A.  Davis  Company 

1896 


■7-U 


>i.  9  H-* 


Copyright,  1896, 

BY 

E.  L.  B.  GODFREY 


C\4- 


Preface. 


In  presenting  this  work  to  the  public,  the  author  desires  to 
state  that  the  utmost  pains  have  been  taken  to  insure  its  accuracy. 
In  addition  to  the  references  given  in  the  foot-notes  of  the  work, 
indebtedness  is  here  acknowledged  to  the  personal  records  that 
have  been  furnished  him  and  to  the  minutes,  published  trans- 
actions and  reports  of  the  societies,  associations,  orders  and 
institutions  considered ;  but  the  incompleteness  of  some  of  these 
is,  however,  a  matter  of  regret.  Next  to  the  consecutive  history 
of  professional  matters  within  Camden  county,  and  of  the  kindred 
professions  of  pharmacy  and  dentistry,  the  social,  educational, 
political  and  military  relationship  of  the  medical  fraternity  to  the 
City  and  County  of  Camden,  the  State  of  New  Jersey  and  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  has  been  carefully  presented. 
This  volume  was  prepared  while  the  author  was  engaged  in 
arduous  professional  duties,  and  it  is  his  hope  that  its  reader  will 
derive  as  much  pleasure  from  its  perusal  as  it  has  afforded  him 
in  its  preparation. 

Camden,  New  Jersey, 
January,  1896. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Open  Knowledge  Commons 


http://www.archive.org/details/historyofmedicaOOgodf 


Contents. 


CHAPTER  I. 
Introduction. 

:tion 

I. — Old  Gloucester, 
II. — The  Medical  Profession  in  Old  Gloucester, 


PAGE 

I 

2 


CHAPTER  II. 
The  Period  from  i 844-1 850. 

I. — The  Erection  of  Camden  County,     .  .              .9 

II. — The  Organization  of  the  Camden  District  Medical 

Society,                .             .              .  .              .10 

III. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  .                     17 

IV. — The  Censors  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,        21 

V. — The  American  Medical  Association,  .                     23 

VI. — Miscellaneous,             .              .              .  -25 

a.— The  Camden  County  Bible  Society,  .       25 

b. — Mulford's  History  of  New  Jersey,  .       25 

c. — The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1849,  .                     25 

CHAPTER  III. 

The  Period  from  1 850-1 855. 

I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  .              .       27 

II. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society,  .                     31 

III. — The  Medical  Enactment  of  1 85 1,       .  .              -35 

IV. — Political  Interests,      .              .              .  .              -37 

V. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  .  .              .40 

VI. — The  Medical  Enactment  of  1854,      .  .              .       41 

VII. — The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1854,          .  .              -43 

VIII. — Physicians  and  Druggists,                   .  .              .44 

CHAPTER  IV. 
The  Period  from  1855-1860. 

I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  .              .       46 

II. — The  American  Medical  Association,  ,              .       49 


Vlll 


Co?i  tents 


SECTION 

III.— The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 

V. — Fisler's  History  of  Camden, 
VI. — Educational,  Political  and  Naval  Interests, 


PAGE 
50 

52 

54 

55 


CHAPTER  V. 
The  Period  from  1 860-1 865. 
I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
II.— The  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 
III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV. — Political  Interests, 
V.— The  Civil  War  of  1861-1865, 

a. — The  United  States  Army, 
b.— The  United  States  Navy, 
VI. — Educational  Interests, 


58 
60 

63 
65 
67 
67 
81 

83 


CHAPTER  VI. 

The  Period  from   1865-1870. 

I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,              .  .       85 

II.— The  Camden  City  Medical  Society,   .              .  -87 

III. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary,            .              .  -89 

IV. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society,          .  .92 

V. — The  Cholera  Epidemic  of  1866,          .             .  -94 

VI. — Miscellaneous  Interests,          .              .              .  -96 

a. — The  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,    .        96 

b. — The  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey,  .       96 

c. — Educational  Matters,             .              .  -97 

d. — Drug  Interests,         .              .              .  -97 

e. — Masonic  Interests,    .              .              .  -98 

VII. — Homoeopathy,              .              .              .              .  -99 

a. — The  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  99 

b. — The   West    Jersey    Homoeopathic    Medical 

Society,     .              .              .              .  .100 

VIII. — The  Camden  Home  for  Friendless  Children,  .      102 

IX. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians,       .              .  .      103 

CHAPTER  VII. 
The  Period  from  1 870-1 875. 

I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary,            .              .  .      107 

II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society,    .              ,  .108 


Contents. 

SECTION 

III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
V. — The    New     Jersey    State    Homoeopathic     Medical 
Society,      .... 
VI. — The  New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society, 
VII. — -Miscellaneous  Interests, 

a. — The  Water  Supply  of  Camden, 
b. — Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows 
c. — Masonic  Matters, 
d. — National  Guard  of  New  Jersey, 
e. — Educational  Matters, 
f. — The  Small-pox  Epidemic  of  187 1 
g. — Drug  and  Professional  Interests, 
h. — The    New    Jersey    Pharmaceutical    Asso- 
ciation,    . 
i. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians, 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
The  Period  from  1 875-1 880. 
I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary, 
II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  . 
III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV.— The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 

V. — The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association, 
VI. — Charitable  Institutions, 

a. — The  Cooper  Hospital, 
b.  —  The  West  Jersey  Orphanage, 
VII. — Miscellaneous  Interests, 

a. — Physicians  and  Druggists,   . 

b. — Educational  Matters, 

c  — The  Centennial  Celebration, 

d. — The  American  Academy  of  Medicine, 

e.  The  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 

f.  The  Camden  Microscopical  Society, 
VIII. — County  Physicians,    .... 

IX.— The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health, 
X.  -  Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians, 

CHAPTER  IX. 

The  Period  from  1880-1885. 
I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary, 


IX 

PAGE 
IIO 

115 

117 
Il8 
119 
119 
119 
I20 

121 
122 
122 
123 

123 
124 


129 
131 
133 
137 
139 
141 
141 
I42 
143 
143 
I44 
144 
145 
145 
I46 
I46 

147 
148 


151 


x  Contents. 

SECTION 

II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 
III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV. — The  American  Medical  Association, 
V. — -The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
VI.—  The  Medical  Enactments  from  1880-1885, 
VII. — Epidemic  Diseases, 

a. — The  Small-pox  Epidemic  of  1880 
b. — Vaccination, 
c. — Epidemic  of  Typhus  Fever, 
VIII.— The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health, 
IX. — The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association, 
X. — Miscellaneous  Interests, 

a. — Physicians  and  Druggists, 

b. — Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 

c. — Military  Interests, 

1. — Association  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans, 
2. — Medical  Officers  of  the  National  Guard 

of  New  Jersey, 
3. — United  States  Pension  Board  of  Ex- 
amining Surgeons, 
d  — Political  Interests,    . 

e. — Society   for    the  Relief    of    Widows    and 
Orphans  of  Medical  Men  of  New  Jersey, 
f. — The  Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society, 
g. — The  Druggists  Association  of  Camden, 
XI. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians, 


PAGE 
153 

154 
158 
l60 
l62 
165 
165 
I67 
168 
I70 
173 
174 
174 
176 
176 
I76 

177 

177 
I78 

179 
179 
ISO 
I8O 


CHAPTER  X. 

The  Period  from  i 885-1 890. 
I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary, 
II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 
III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 
IV. — The  Medical  Societ3>r  of  New  Jerse3^, 
V. — The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association, 
VI.— The  Board  of  Health  of  the  City  of  Camden, 
VII—  The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health, 
VIII. — The  Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensan 
Association,         .... 
IX.— The  Cooper  Hospital, 

a. — -The  Cooper  Hospital  Training  School   for 
Nurses,  . 


i»5 

188 
191 

197 
200 
202 
205 

209 

211 

214 


Contents.  xi 

SECTION  PACK 

X. — The  Ninth  International  Medical  Congress,  .     215 

XI. — The  Camden  County    Society  for  the  Prevention  of 

.  Cruelty  to  Children,         .  .  .  .217 

XII. — Military  Interests,       .  .  .  .  .218 

a. — Medical  Officers  of  the  National  Guard  of 

New  Jersey,  .  .  .  .218 

b. — The  Military   Order  of  Surgeons   of  New 

Jersey,       .  .  -  .  .218 

c — The  Association    of  Military   Surgeons    of 

the  United  States,  .  .  .220 

d. — The  New  Jersey  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the 

American  Revolution,        .   •  .  .220 

XIII. — Medical  Enactments  of  1889,  .  .  .     221 

a. — Concerning  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  .     221 

b. — Concerning  Veterinary  Surgeons,  .     221 

XIV. — Medical  Professorships  and  Lectureships,  .     222 

XV. — Physicians,  .....     223 

XVI. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians,        .  .  .224 


CHAPTER  XI. 
The  Period  from  1890-1895. 
I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary, 
II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society, 
III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
IV. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 

V. — The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association, 

VI. — The  New  Jersey  State  and  Local  Boards  of  Health,     249 

VII. — The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,     253 

VIII. — The  Cooper  Hospital,  ....     257 

IX. — The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses,  .     259 

a. — The  Alumni  and  Alumnae  Association   of 
the    New    Jersey   Training    School    for 
Nurses,  ....     265 

b. — The  Camden  Nurse  Directory,  .  .     265 

X. — The  Camden  Day  Nursery  Association,        .  .     266 

XI. — Medical  Department  of  the  National  Guard  of  New 

Jersey,     ......     269 

XII. — The  Epidemic  of  La  Grippe,  .  .  .271 

XIII. — The    West   Jersey    Homoeopathic    Dispensary    and 

Hospital  Association,      .  .  .  .272 


228 
232 
237 
243 

247 


xii  Contents. 

SECTION  PAGE 

XIV.— Miscellaneous  Interests,         ....     275 
a. — The  Pan-American  Medical  Congress,  .     275 

b. — The  American  Medical  Association ,  .     276 

c. — The  Methodist  Episcopal  Home,     .  .     277 

d. — The  Haddonfield  Training  School  for  Back- 
ward Children,      .  .  .  .278 
e. — The    Camden    City    Medical  and  Surgical 

Society,     .  .  .  .  -279 

f.— Political  Interests,  .  .  .280 

g. — Professional  Interests,  .  .  •     280 

h. — Major  Surgical  Operations,  .  -     282 

i. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians,      .  .     283 

]".—  The  Cooper  Medical  Club.  .  .     283 

k. — College  Affiliations  of  Physicians,    .  .     284 


CHAPTER  I. 

INTRODUCTION. 

Section  I. — Oed  Gloucester. 
[1623-1 682.]  To  properly  record  the  history  of  the  medical 
profession  of  Camden  county  it  is  necessary  to  make  a  brief 
review  of  the  parent  county,  Old  Gloucester,  and  to  trace, 
through  changing  settlements  and  forms  of  government,  the  rise 
and  progress  of  the  healing  art  in  this  section  of  New  Jersey. 
The  first  European  settlement  in  West  Jersey  was  made  by  the 
Dutch  in  Gloucester  county  about  1623,  wno  were  followed  by 
the  Swedes  about  1640.  Neither  the  Dutch  nor  the  Swedes 
effected  permanent  settlements,  but  were  dispossessed  by  the 
English  when  Charles  II,  under  the  claim  of  prior  rights, 
conveyed,  in  1664,  the  territory  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
with  powers  of  government,  to  his  brother,  the  Duke  of  York. 
The  Duke,  in  turn,  conveyed  the  Province  of  New  Jersey, 
with  authority  to  govern,  to  Lord  Berkeley  and  Sir  George 
Cartaret,  and  Lord  Berkeley,  in  1673,  disposed  of  his  rights 
and  interests  to  two  English  Quakers,  John  Fenwicke  and 
Edward  Byllinge.*  The  province  was  divided  into  East  and 
West  Jersey;  and  Fenwicke  and  Byllinge  acquired  West 
Jersey,  which  they  selected  as  a  place  of  retreat  for  their  perse- 
cuted, religious  associates  in  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  thus 
peopled  West  Jersey  with  English,  Scotch  and  Irish  Friends. 
In  1675,  Fenwicke  founded  Salem,  and,  in  1677,  Burlington 
was  settled  and  the  boundaries  of  Old  Gloucester  were  laid  out, 
to  extend  from  the  Delaware  river  to  the  Atlantic  ocean.  In 
1682,  Newton,  the  first  English  settlement  in  Old  Gloucester, 
was  founded  and,  in  1685,  the  county  was  formally  erected, 
being  the  first  constituted  by  the  choice  of  its  inhabitants. 
From  these  three  settlements,  Salem,  Burlington  and  Newton, 
the  peaceful  and  cultured  civilization  of  the  Friends  was  dis- 
seminated throughout  West  Jersey. 

♦Gordon's  History  of  New  Jersey.     Mulford's  History  of  New  Jersey.     Smith's  History 
of  New  Jersey. 


2  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1681-1776.]  A  form  of  government  was  instituted  by 
the  Friends  in  1681,  under  the  proprietary  rights  which 
accompanied  the  transfer  of  the  land,  and  the  principles  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty,  of  trial  by  jury,  and  of  the  validity 
of  accepted  titles  to  land  were  guaranteed.  The  government 
was  in  advance  of  any  existing  at  the  time  in  regard  to  indi- 
vidual safety  and  freedom,  but,  owing  to  petty  disputes,  it  was 
not  a  success,  and  was  finally  surrendered  to  the  English  crown 
in  1702.  There  were  seven  successive  governors,  during 
this  period,  of  whom  the  most  influential  personage  and  the 
greatest  land-owner  was  Dr.  Daniel  Coxe.  By  the  surrender  of 
1702,  4he  provinces  of  East  and  West  Jersey  were  united,  and 
thereafter  the  whole  colony  was  ruled  by  a  governor  appointed 
by  the  King  of  England,  which  continued  until  1776,  when  the 
separation  of  the  American  colonies  from  the  mother  country 
took  place,  and  the  State  of  New  Jersey  was  organized. 

[1776-1844.]  During  the  Revolution,  1776-1783,  Old 
Gloucester  played  a  conspicuous  part.  Its  position  exposed  it 
to  the  raids  of  Count  Donop  and  Major  Simcoe,  under  whom 
on  different  occasions  the  British  invaded  the  county  at 
Cooper's  Point,  Haddonfield,  Woodbury  and  Gloucester  City, 
and,  on  October  22,  1777,  met  with  disastrous  defeat  in  the 
Battle  of  Red  Bank.  After  the  Revolution  and  the  formation 
of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  the  progress  of  Old  Gloucester  in 
increased  population  and  in  the  development  of  its  resources 
was  uninterrupted.  As  the  population  increased,  the  interests 
of  government  and  of  trade  demanded  a  division  of  the  county, 
and,  in  1837,  that  portion  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  ocean 
was  set  apart  by  Act  of  Legislature  under  the  name  of  Atlantic 
county,  and,  in  1844,  nearly  half  of  the  remaining  townships, 
including  two  which  date  from  the  earliest  settlements  in  New 
Jersey,  viz. :  Newton  and  Gloucester,  were  erected  into  Camden 
county. 


Section  II. — The  Medical  Profession  of  Old  Gloucester. 

[1 623-1 702.]     The  physicians  of  Old  Gloucester  exerted 
a  marked  influence  in  the  periods  of  development  previously 


The  Medical  Profession  of  Old  Gloucester.  3 

referred  to,  viz.:  the  Dutch  and  Swedish,  proprietary,  colonial 
and  revolutionary  periods.  During  the  Dutch  and  Swedish 
periods  (1623-1664),  there  were  doubtless  clever  physicians 
among  the  settlers,  though  little  is  known  of  them  except  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Delaware,  where  two  Dutch  and  two 
Swedish  surgeons  practiced  their  art.*  In  the  proprietary 
period  of  the  Friends  (1675-1702),  some  improvement  was 
made  in  medical  matters  throughout  West  Jersey  by  the  indi- 
vidual efforts  of  a  few  practitioners.  In  seeking  an  asylum  in 
the  New  World  where  freedom  from  religious  persecution 
might  be  obtained,  the  Friends  were  not  unmindful  of  the 
privations  and  dangers  to  be  encountered,  and  brought  edu- 
cated physicians  with  them.|  Among  the  best  known  of  these 
were  Doctors  Daniel  Wills,  John  Goslin  and  Robert  Dimmes- 
dale.  During  the  governorship  of  Dr.  Daniel  Coxe,  a  distin- 
guished London  physician,  a  member  of  the  Royal  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  physician  to  Queen  Anne,  it  is 
not  unlikely  that  he  influenced  others  of  his  profession  to 
settle  in  the  province,  though  he  himself  never  visited  it.  At 
that  time,  physicians  not  infrequently  exercised  the  functions 
of  the  clergy  and  were  not  averse  to  political  preferment  and 
to  land  speculations.  Because  of  the  privations  and  exposure 
incident  to  pioneer  life — pneumonia  during  the  winter,  sun- 
stroke in  summer,  malarial  fevers  and  epidemics  of  small-pox — 
their  services  were  in  great  demand.  J  There  was  no  law  regu- 
lating the  practice  of  medicine  except  the  medical  code  pro- 
mulgated by  the  Duke  of  York  in  1665.  This  did  not  prevent 
any  one  from  practicing  medicine,  but  was  intended  "  to 
restrain  the  presumptuous  from  exercising  power  contrary  to 
the  approved  rules,  without  the  advice  of  those  skilled  in 
the  art  or  the  consent  of  the  patient."  In  consequence  of  this 
law,  any  one  could  ply  the  vocation  of  a  physician  at  pleastire 
and  "quacks  abounded  like  the  locusts  of  Egypt." §  The 
apprenticeship  system,  which  consisted  of  living  a  year  or  two 


*  Early  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  by  James  J.  Levick,  M.  D. 

t  Wickes'  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey. 

I  Ibid. 

§  Smith's  History  of  New  Jersey. 


4  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

with  a  physician  as  an  assistant  and  then  setting  up  as  a  prac- 
titioner, was  the  only  method  of  medical  education. 

[i 702-1 766.]  During  the  colonial  period  a  great  advance 
was  made  in  medical  practice.  Inoculation  was  introduced 
into  America,  in  1721,  by  Cotton  Mather,  and  was  early  prac- 
ticed in  West  Jersey.*  In  consequence  of  increasing  immigra- 
tion, and  the  prevalence  of  diseases  incident  to  a  virgin  soil, 
the  demand  for  physicians  became  urgent  and  their  numbers 
multiplied.  A  great  stimulus  to  a  higher  medical  education 
was  offered  by  the  French  and  Indian  War,  (1 758-1 766). 
While  the  southern  portion  of  New  Jersey  was  not  exposed 
like  the  northern  to  the  invasion  of  the  Indians,  yet  a  bat- 
talion of  English  troops  was  stationed  at  Burlington,  and  furn- 
ished an  opportunity  for  the  native  physicians  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  newer  methods  of  practice  current  among 
English  army  surgeons.  The  stimulus  of  this  war  led  to  the 
organization  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, f  and  the 
welfare  of  medicine  was  still  farther  advanced  by  the  founding 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1765,  and  the  gradua- 
tion of  its  first-class  in  1768.  This  gave  an  opportunity  for 
medical  apprentices  to  acquire  a  more  liberal  and  scientific 
medical  education.  In  1766,  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey  was  organized,  and  among  its  original  members  was  Dr. 
Isaac  Harris,  father  of  Dr.  Samuel  Harris,  who  was  the  pioneer 
physician  of  Camden.  The  science  of  medicine  at  this  time 
was  at  a  low  ebb,  but  the  new  society  succeeded  in  elevating 
the  professional  standard  by  securing,  in  1772,  an  "Act  of 
Assembly  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery  within 
the  Colony  of  New  Jersey,"  which  provided  for  the  licensing 
of  physicians  by  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  after  an  exam- 
ination by  a  board  of  physicians  selected  by  the  court.  This 
was  the  first  medical  law  enacted  in  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey, 
following  that  of  the  Duke  of  York  in  1665 — a  period  of  one 
hundred  and  seven  years. 

[1776-1783.]  During  the  revolutionary  period,  the 
profession  in  Old   Gloucester  tendered  the  county  honorable 

*  Wickes'  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey. 
f  Ibid. 


The  Medical  Profession  of  Old  Gloucester.  5 

service  both  in  the  councils  of  government  and  in  the  battal- 
ions of  the  army.  Dr.  Benjamin  Van  Leer,*  of  Haddon- 
field,  served  as  a  member  of  the  "Committee  of  Correspond- 
ence"; Doctors  Thomas  Hendry,  of  Woodbury;  Bodo  Otto,  of 
Swedesboro,  and  Jacob  Harris,  uncle  of  Dr.  Samuel  Harris, 
were  commissioned  surgeons  in  the  American  army.  Dr- 
Hendry  was  surgeon  of  the  Third  Battalion,  Gloucester  county ; 
Dr.  Bodo  Otto  was  surgeon  of  Colonel  Charles  Reed's  Battalion, 
Colonel  of  State  Troops,  First  Battalion,  Gloucester  county 
and  a  member  of  the  Legislature. f  Dr.  Jacob  Harris, t  in 
addition  to  other  services,  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Red 
Bank,  in  1777,  and  dressed  the  wounds  of  Colonel  Count  Donop, 
the  young  Hessian  commander  who  fell  mortally  wounded  in 
the  fight.  On  account  of  the  Revolution,  and  of  the  interest 
it  excited  among  physicians,  the  meetings  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey  were  suspended  from  1775  to  1781. 
In  1783,  the  passage  of  a  State  law  regulating  medical  practice 
was  secured,  in  which  the  examining  provisions  of  the  colonial 
law  of  1772  were  re-enacted.  In  1786,  a  supplementary  law 
was  enacted  providing  for  medical  examinations  by  physicians,, 
selected  by  the  Supreme  Court,  or  by  any  two  of  its  members,, 
without  the  presence  of  the  judges.  In  this  year,  Doctors 
Benjamin  Tallman,  of  Haddonfield,  and  James  Stratton,  of 
Swedesboro,  joined  the  State  Society,  and,  in  1788,  Dr.  Stratton 
became  its  president.  Dr.  Dayton  Lummis,  of  Woodbury, 
subsequently  joined  the  society,  but  there  were  a  number  of 
physicians  in  the  county  who  never  became  members,  among 
whom  were  Doctors  John  Craig,  Evan  Clement  and  John 
Blackwood,  of  Haddonfield,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Bloomfield,  of 
Colestown. 

[1790-1859.]  In  1790,  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey  was  incorporated  for  a  term  of  twenty-five  years,  and 
among  its  incorporators  were  Doctors  Tallman  and  Stratton. 
In  the  war  of  181 2,  Dr.  J.  J.  Foster  was  the  surgeon  of  General 
Ebenezer   Elmer's    Brigade,   General    Elmer   being  himself  a 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 

t  Stryker's  Register 

I  Wickes'  History  of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey. 


6  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

physician.  In  1816,  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  was 
re-incorporated  and  provision  was  made  for  District  or  County 
Medical  Societies  and  for  the  examination  of  applicants  by 
Boards  of  Censors  in  each  county.  The  censorship  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  dating  from  1772,  was  annulled  and  the 
examination  by  Boards  of  Censors  was  made  the  basis  of  lawful 
practice.  In  1818,  a  supplement  was  passed  providing  that 
the  State  Medical  Society  should  be  composed  of  delegates  from 
the  District  Societies  which  might  be  formed  in  the  various 
counties,  each  district  being  entitled  to  send  four.  This  Act 
placed  the  membership  upon  a  representative  basis  and,  under 
these  provisions,  the  Gloucester  and  Camden  Societies  were 
formed.  In  1818,  the  Gloucester  District  Society  was  organ- 
ized with  the  following  members :  Doctors  Dayton  Lummis, 
Thomas  Hendry,  Joseph  Fithian,  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  Davis, 
Evans,  Francis  Hoover,  William  Hunt,  Samuel  Harris,  Bow- 
man Hendry,  J.  J.  Foster,  Ezra  Balear  and  John  C.  Warner. 
The  organization  continued  until  182 1,  when  it  was  dissolved. 
In  1835,  it  was  reconstituted  with  the  following  members: 
Doctors  C.  V.  Clark,  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  Thomas  Lee,  Joseph 
Fithian  and  Samuel  Harris.  This  reorganization  was  not 
recognized  by  the  State  Medical  Society,  because  of  the  failure 
of  the  Gloucester  Society7  to  submit  its  constitution  and  by-laws 
for  inspection  and  approval.  In  1846,  after  the  separation  of 
Camden  county,  the  Gloucester  Society  was  again  reorganized 
by  Doctors  Joseph  Fithian,  C.  V.  Clark,  J.  C.  Weatherby,  T.  J. 
Saunders,  John  R.  Sickler  and  Benjamin  P.  Howell.  Since 
then  it  has  been  in  active  operation  and  has  furnished  two 
presidents  for  the  State  Society,  viz.:  Dr.  Fithian,  in  1849,  ano^ 
Dr.  Sickler,  in  1859. 

Although  the  profession  of  Old  Gloucester  was  reluctant 
to  organize,  there  were  several  physicians  who  exerted  an 
influence  over  their  co-workers  and  the  general  public.  Doc- 
tors Bowman  Hendry,  Samuel  Harris,  Francis  Hoover,  John 
R.  Sickler  and  Isaac  S.  Mulford  were  prominent  in  the  locality 
now  embraced  in  Camden  county.  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,*  son 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Hendry  of  Woodbury,  practiced  medicine  at 

*  Memoir  of  Bowman  Hendry,  M.  D.,  by  a  Physician. 


The  Medical  Profession  of  Old  Gloucester.  7 

Haddonfield  with  much  distinction  from  1794  to  1838.  "Dr. 
Hendry  was  educated  at  the  Woodbury  Academy  and  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  Even  in  boyhood  he  was  distin- 
guished for  his  courtesy  and  kindness  of  disposition  and,  as  a 
student,  his  punctuality,  industry  and  zeal  won  for  him  the 
confidence  and  favor  of  his  teachers.  Towards  the  close  of  his 
course  of  study,  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  the  Whiskey 
Insurrection  broke  out  in  Pennsylvania  (1794)  and  young 
Hendry  entered  the  government  service  as  a  private  soldier 
and,  by  means  of  a  premature  medical  examination,  was  com- 
missioned as  assistant  surgeon.  *  *  *  Locating  in  Had- 
donfield, his  practice  soon  extended  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
sea.  He  did  more  to  elevate  the  standard  of  medicine  and  to 
rescue  obstetrics  from  the  hands  of  mid  wives  than  any  physician 
of  his  time  in  the  county.  *  *  *  For  fifteen  years  he  rode 
in  the  saddle  and  was  often  absent  days  at  a  time  in  his 
professional  visits.  *  *  *  Not  infrequently,  from  the 
extent  of  his  journeys,  he  was  obliged  to  sleep  in  the 
woods.  *  *  *  It  has  been  estimated  that  he  exhausted 
more  than  two  hundred  horses  in  his  service.  *  *  *  Dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  his  career,  his  barns  and  horses  were 
burned,  and  so  great  was  his  popularity  that  his  friends  imme- 
diately erected  and  presented  new  buildings  to  him  and 
replaced  his  horses."  Dr.  Hendry  was  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  Gloucester  District  Medical  Society,  in  1818, 
and  was  the  father  of  Doctors  Charles  D.  Hendry  and  Bowman 
Hendry,  Jr. 

Dr.  Samuel  Harris*  practiced  medicine  in  Camden  from 
181 1  to  1843.  He  came  from  a  family  of  physicians,  his 
father,  two  uncles,  a  brother  and  a  nephew  all  belonging  to  the 
profession.  His  father,  Dr.  Isaac  Harris,  served  with  distinc- 
tion as  a  surgeon  in  the  Revolution,  and  was  one  of  the  incor- 
porators of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  in  1790  and  its 
president  in  1792.  Dr.  Samuel  Harris  was  the  first  physician 
to  permanently  locate  in  Camden,  and  he  lived  in  the  house  still 
standing  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Cooper  and  Second  streets. 

*  "  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County,"  by  John  R.  Stevenson, 
A.  M.,  M.  D.,  published  in  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 


8  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

He  was  one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Gloucester 
District  Medical  Society,  in  1818,  and  at  its  reorganization, 
in  1835.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in 
1830,  and  was  a  vestryman  until  his  death,  in  1843.  Dr. 
Francis  Hoover*  located  in  Camden  in  18 12  and  was  contem- 
porary with  Dr.  Harris,  but  remained  only  a  short  time.  Dr. 
John  R.  Sicklerf  moved  to  Camden  from  Chew's  Landing  in 
1832  and  opened  a  drug-store  on  Federal  street,  returning  to 
Chew's  Landing  in  1834.  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  began  his 
medical  career  in  Camden  in  1823.  At  this  time,  Dr.  Samuel 
Harris  was  the  only  physician  in  the  village.  Dr.  Mulford 
was  the  connecting  link  between  the  physicians  who  were 
identified  with  Old  Gloucester  and  its  Medical  Society  and 
those  who  were  distinctively  Camden  county  physicians. %  In 
the  year  that  Camden  county  was  erected  (1844),  the  following 
physicians  practiced  within  its  limits:  Doctors  Isaac  S.  Mul- 
ford, Richard  M.  Cooper,  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  Othniel  H.  Taylor 
and  J.  R.  Andrews,  in  Camden;  Benjamin  W.  Blackwood, 
Jacob  P.  Thornton,  Charles  D.  Hendry  and  Aaron  D.  Wood- 
ruff, at  Haddonfield;  William  C.  Mulford,  in  Gloucester; 
Martin  Synott,  at  Chew's  Landing;  William  Parham  and 
Ezekiel  C.  Chew,  at  Blackwood ;  George  Barrows,  at  Tansboro, 
and  James  C.  Risley,  at  Berlin. 


*  Dr.  Francis  Hoover  was  born  in  Salem,  N.  J.,  and  was  one  of  the  original  members 
of  the  Gloucester  County  Society,  in  1818.  At  this  time  he  probably  lived  at  Swedesboro. 
He  removed  to  Smyrna,  Delaware,  in  1821,  and  remained  there  until  his  death,  in  1832. — 
(Wickes.) 

t  Dr  John  R.  Sickler  lived  in  Camden  from  1832  to  1S34.  He  subsequently  removed  to 
Mantua.  He  was  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Gloucester  county 
from  1828  to  1865  ;  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1844  ;  a  charter  member 
of  the  Gloucester  District  Medical  Society  in  1846,  and  President  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey  in  1859.     iStevenson.) 

\  History  Oi  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County,  by  John  R.  Stevenson, 
A.  M..  M   D. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  PERIOD  FROM  1844-1850. 

Section  I. — The  Erection  of  Camden  County. 

[1844.]  Camden  county  was  set  apart  from  Old  Glouces- 
ter county  by  legislative  enactment,  March  13,  1844.  The 
Act  was  preceded  by  much  discussion  and  political  agitation, 
extending  over  a  number  of  years,  in  which  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mul- 
ford,  with  other  citizens,  took  a  prominent  part.  Under  the 
Act  providing  for  the  erection  of  the  county,  the  selection  of 
the  county-seat  was  left  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  and  the  Board 
of  Chosen  Freeholders  set  apart  August  12,  1845,  as  the  day  of 
the  election.  Camden,  Haddonfield,  Gloucester,  Long-a-coming 
(Berlin)  and  Mount  Ephraim  were  voted  upon,  but  neither 
place  secured  the  required  majority.*  The  issue  was  remanded 
to  the  Board  of  Freeholders,  which  was  composed  of  two 
representatives  from  each  of  the  seven  townships  and  the  one 
city  (Camden)  comprising  the  county.  The  erection  of  the 
new  county  had  caused  a  most  violent  opposition  against 
Camden  by  the  other  townships,  since  it  was  against  their 
consent  that  Old  Gloucester  county  was  divided.  Several  of 
the  townships  desired  to  have  the  public  buildings  located 
within  their  limits,  and  a  majority  united  in  opposing  the 
selection  of  Camden.  The  agitation  was  continued  until  1851, 
a  period  of  seven  years,  when  Camden  was  finally  selected  as 
the  county-seat,  f 

In  addition  to  the  political  issues  within  the  county,  the 
affairs  of  the  nation,  State  and  city  excited  unusual  attention. 
The  admission  of  Texas  into  the  Union  was  the  chief  question  on 
which  the  people  divided  in  the  presidential  election  of  1844.I 
The  Whigs,   under  the    leadership    of  Henry    Clay,   opposed 

*"  The  contest  was  carried  on  with  a  degree  of  acrimony  that  can  hardly  be  appre- 
ciated."— MS.  History  of  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  by  Richard  M.  Cooper,  M.  D. 
t  History  of  Camden  County,  by  George  R.  Piowell. 
%  Ridpath's  History  of  the  United  States. 


io  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

annexation,  and  the  Democrats,  under  James  K.  Polk,  favored 
it.  Polk  was  elected  to  the  presidency,  and  the  contest  sur- 
passed in  excitement  any  previous  presidential  election.  The 
Mexican  War  followed  the  admission  of  Texas,  and  maintained 
a  strong  hold  upon  the  people  until  the  treaty  of  peace  in 
1848.  State  issues  also  claimed  attention.*  The  marks  of 
colonial  dependence  retained  in  the  State  Constitution  were 
objectionable  to  the  people.  In  February,  1844,  the  General 
Assembly  provided  for  a  convention  in  May  to  frame  a  State 
Constitution  to  be  submitted  to  the  people  for  ratification  or 
rejection.  At  this  convention,  Dr.  John  R.  Sickler  represented 
Gloucester  county.  In  August  the  Constitution  was  adopted, 
and  in  October,  in  pursuance  with  its  provisions,  an  election 
for  Governor  of  the  State  took  place  and  Charles  C.  Stratton, 
son  of  Dr.  James  Stratton,  of  Swedesboro,  was  elected  to  the 
position. 

In  the  city  of  Camden  a  supplement  f  was  made,  in  1844, 
to  the  charter,  making  the  Mayor  elective  by  the  people 
instead  of  by  Common  Council.  This  occasioned  increased 
interest  in  municipal  affairs,  which  resulted  in  the  election  of 
John  R.  Cowperthwaite  over  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  who  had 
previously  held  the  position.  The  political  excitement  of  the 
times,  in  national,  State,  county  and  municipal  affairs,  delayed 
the  formation  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  for 
nearly  two  years,  and  finally  led  to  its  organization  at  Haddon- 
field,  instead  of  at  Camden. 

Section  II. — The  Organization  of  the  Camden  District 
Medical  Society. 
[1846.]  The  absence  of  a  medical  organization  in 
Gloucester  county,  immediately  preceding  the  erection  of 
Camden  county,  permitted  a  lax  enforcement  of  medical  law 
and  rendered  the  physicians  of  the  new  county  but  little 
acquainted  with  each  other.  Nevertheless  a  few  physicians, 
deeming  an  organization  essential  to  the  highest  professional 
usefulness,  circulated  a  petition,  under  the  care    of   Doctors 

*  History  of  New  Jersey,  by  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  M.  D. 
f  History  of  Camden  County,  by  George  R.  Prowell. 


Organization  of  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  n 

James  S.  Risley,  of  L,ong-a-coming  (Berlin),  and  Charles  D. 
Hendry,  of  Haddonfield,  for  the  signatures  of  the  legal  prac- 
titioners of  medicine  within  the  new  county.  Only  those  phy- 
sicians who  had  been  examined  by  the  censors  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey,  and  had  received  a  license  signed  by  its 
president,  were  regarded  as  legal  practitioners.  The  petition 
was  presented  to  the  State  Medical  Society  at  its  eightieth 
annual  meeting  at  New  Brunswick,  May  12,  1846,  and  a  com- 
mission was  issued  by  the  society  authorizing  Doctors  Jacob 
P.  Thornton  and  Charles  D.  Hendry,  of  Haddonfield ;  Isaac  S. 
'Mulford  and  Richard  M.  Cooper,  of  Camden,  and  James  S.  Risley, 
of  Berlin,  to  organize  at  Haddonfield*  a  District  Medical 
Society  for  Camden  county,t  "provided  that  the  corresponding 
secretary  is  satisfied  that  the  above  named  are  licensed  prac- 
titioners of  this  State,  with  power  to  supply  other  names  if 
necessary." 

Pursuant  to  the  commission,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the 
hotel  of  Joseph  C.  Shivers,  Haddonfield,  August  14,  1846, 
when  the  "District  Medical  Society  for  the  County  of  Camden 
in  the  State  of  New  Jersey"  was  organized.  Doctors  Jacob  P. 
Thornton  and  Richard  M.  Cooper,  graduates  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1828  and  1839,  respectively;  James  S.  Risley, 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1844;  Charles  D.  Hendry  and  Oth- 
niel  H.  Taylor,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1833  and  1825, 
respectively,  attended  the  meeting,  making  the  legal  number 
required  to  effect  an  organization.  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford, 
graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1822,  was  unable 
to  attend  on  account  of  sickness,  but  was  present  at  the  follow- 
ing meeting.  Dr.  James  S.  Risley  was  elected  president ;  Dr. 
Othniel  H.  Taylor,  vice-president ;  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper, 
secretary,  and  Dr.  Jacob  P.  Thornton,  treasurer.  A  constitution 
and  by-laws,  the  originals  of  which  are  preserved  in  the 
archives  of  the  society,  were  adopted.      Doctors  Risley,  Thorn- 


*  "  Doctors  Risley  and  Hendry,  who  had  charge  of  the  petition  for  the  formation  of  the 
society,  had  Haddonfield  inserted  in  the  communication,  as  they  were  both  against 
Camden."  — MS.  History  of  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  by  Richard  M.  Cooper,  M.  D. 

f  In  the  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  for  1846,  the  name  of  Dr. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  is  given  in  the  place  of  Dr.  James  S.  Risley,  but  in  the  original  commis- 
sion the  name  of  Dr.  Fisler  does  not  appear. 


12  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

ton,  Hendry,  Taylor  and  Cooper  were  appointed  to  attend  the 
semi-annual  meeting  of  the  State  Medical  Society  at  Hights- 
town  in  November,  and  the  secretary,  Dr.  Cooper,  was 
instructed  to  notify  the  society  of  the  new  organization  and  to 
publish  a  notice  of  the  same  in  the  county  papers. 

[1847.]  The  constitution  and  by-laws,  however,  were 
not  received  by  the  State  Society,  and  a  special  meeting  of  the 
County  Society  was  held  at  Haddonfield,  March  13,  1847,  to 
consider  the  reason  thereof  and  to  appoint  four  delegates  to 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Society  at  New  Brunswick, 
May  nth.  Doctors  Risley,  Taylor,  Cooper  and  Charles  D. 
Hendry  were  appointed,  and  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  raised  the 
point  that  the  organization  in  the  previous  August  was  defect- 
ive in  that  it  was  effected  at  Haddonfield  instead  of  at  Camden, 
the  county-seat.  This  exception  was  presented  to  the  State 
Medical  Society  at  the  May  meeting,  by  which  time  the  inau- 
gural proceedings  of  the  County  Society  had  been  received  and 
approved,  and  a  decision  was  rendered  that,  as  there  was  no 
permanent  county -seat  in  Camden  county,  the  inaugural  meet- 
ing at  Haddonfield,  though  informal,  did  not  vitiate  the  pro- 
ceedings, and  that  the  District  Society  was  regularly  organized. 
Censors  for  the  Camden  district  were  duly  appointed. 

On  June  15th,  the  society  met  at  the  hotel  of  Israel  Eng- 
lish, Cooper  and  Front  streets,  Camden.  The  informality 
attending  the  organization  of  the  society  was  further  discussed 
and  a  resolution  adopted  to  hold  the  annual  meeting  in  Cam- 
den, on  the  third  Tuesday  in  June,  and  the  semi-annual  meet- 
ing on  the  third  Tuesday  in  December.  Three  graduates  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College — Dr.  A.  Dickinson  Woodruff,  1844  ; 
Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  Jr.,  1846,  and  Dr.  Daniel  M.  Stout, 
1847 — were  elected  members  upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
censors.  Dr.  Stout  graduated  from  Pennington  Seminary  in 
1844.  Nine  months  had  now  elapsed  since  the  organization 
of  the  County  Society,  and  three  meetings  had  been  held  without 
applications  for  membership,  save  by  those  just  elected.  The 
society  was  regarded  with  indifference  by  some  physicians,  and 
others  openly  refused  to  join  it.  This,  in  part,  was  due  to  the 
lack  of  organization  of  the  profession  in  Old  Gloucester  county 


Organization  of  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  13 

at  the  time  of  the  erection  of  Camden  county  ;  in  consequence 
of  which,  medical  law  was  not  actively  enforced  and  the 
organization  of  a  District  Medical  Society  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Board  of  Censors  made  an  unpopular  innovation. 
To  offset  this  feeling,  and  to  make  plain  the  relationship  which 
the  District  Society  and  the  Board  of  Censors  should  maintain 
to  the  profession  and  to  the  public,  it  was  decided  to  publish 
the  names  of  all  regularly  licensed  physicians  residing  in  the 
county  in  one  of  the  county  papers,  together  with  that  section 
of  the  law  incorporating  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
that  provided  for  the  organization  of  District  Medical  Soci- 
eties. The  publication  aroused  the  antipathy  of  Homoeopaths, 
Thompsonians,  and  those  who  disregarded  the  society ;  engen- 
dered much  ill-feeling  in  the  fraternity  and  occasioned  a  bitter 
newspaper  controversy.  This  reached  a  climax  in  the  publi- 
cation, in  the  Camden  Democrat,  of  the  correspondence 
between  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  of  Camden,  and  the  society, 
in  regard  to  the  omission  of  Dr.  Fisler's  name  from  the  list  of 
licensed  physicians.  Dr.  Fisler,  at  this  time,  had  been  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  for  twenty-eight  years,  eleven  of 
which  had  been  spent  in  Camden.  He  was  not  only  promi- 
nent as  a  physician,  but  had  also  served  as  Mayor  of  the  city  for 
four  terms,  and  was  widely  known  as  a  public  lecturer.  He 
was  one  of  the  petitioners  for  the  organization  of  the  County 
Society  in  1846,  and  his  name  appears  as  such  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  State  Medical  Society  for  that  year,  but  it  was  erased 
from  the  commission  and  the  name  of  Dr.  James  S.  Risley 
substituted.  Dr.  Fisler,  on  this  account,  refused  to  take  part 
in  the  organization  of  the  County  Society,  and,  when  his  name 
was  omitted  from  the  published  list  of  licensed  physicians  of 
the  county,  he  severely  criticised  the  society  for  this  action  in 
an  open  letter  in  the  Camden  Democrat.  To  meet  this,  a 
special  meeting  of  the  society  was  called  on  September  2nd, 
when  the  matter  was  considered  in  a  committee  of  the  whole, 
and  the  following  address  and  reply,  signed  by  the  president 
and  secretary,  was  made  and  ordered  to  be  published  in  the 
same  journal: 


14  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

TO  THE  PUBLIC. 
' '  A  communication  has  appeared  in  the  Camden  Democrat,  over  the  signa- 
ture of  L.  F.  Fisler,  complaining  of  the  course  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the 
County  of  Camden,  in  omitting  his  name  from  a  published  list  of  licensed 
practitioners.  A  simple  statement  of  facts  is  deemed  proper  in  reply.  The 
formation  of  medical  associations  is  recommended  by  advantages  that  are 
obvious  and  well  understood,  and  the  Society  of  the  County  of  Camden  was 
formed  with  a  single  view,— the  security  of  these  general  advantages.  Its 
institution  was  effected  in  pursuance  of  an  order  from  a  superior  body,  the 
members  themselves  having  no  other  agency  in  this  appointment  than 
simply  to  furnish  the  evidence  that  the}'  are  legal  practitioners  ;  but  after 
their  appointment  an  obligation  was  felt  to  promote  to  the  best  of  their 
ability  the  objects  proposed.  It  was  made  their  duty  to  discourage  the 
practices  of  persons  who  were  acting  in  contravention  of  existing  laws  and 
the  regulations  of  the  medical  authorities  of  the  State.  For  this  purpose,  a 
publication  of  the  list  of  those  who  were  known  to  be  properly  qualified 
was  supposed  to  be  advisable,  as  a  measure  of  justice  to  the  profession  and 
to  the  community  at  large.  In  preparing  this  list,  the  case  of  the  present 
complainant  was  fully  considered.  It  was  known  that  an  application  had 
been  made  by  him  to  the  Board  of  Censors  to  be  received  and  recognized  by 
them  as  a  licentiate,  on  the  ground  of  former  examination.  But  the  Board 
of  Censors  had  no  authority  to  make  any  such  grant  based  upon  the  action 
of  a  former  body.  They'  could  only  grant  upon  an  actual  examination  of 
the  person  before  them.  Besides  this,  there  was  doubt  as  to  the  issue  of  the 
former  application.  Information  was  in  possession  coming  from  the  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and  who  had  also  been  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Examiners,  to  the  effect  that  the  complainant  had  not  received  a 
license.  This  information  was  given  to  different  individuals  and  in  positive 
terms.  Under  these  circumstances  no  warrant  was  thought  to  exist  for  plac- 
ing the  name  of  the  person  in  question  on  the  list  of  licensed  practitioners. 
With  the  seeming  inconsistency  of  the  statements  above  referred  to,  with 
the  production  of  the  certificate  now  given  by  the  complainant,  the  society 
have  nothing  to  do.  That  must  be  settled  by  the  parties  directly  concerned. 
But  a  confirmation  of  these  statements  has  since  been  given  in  the  following 
terms,  in  a  letter  to  the  society  from  Dr.  Hannah,  the  late  president  of  the 
State  Medical  Society,  and  whose  name  appears  on  the  certificate  given  by 
the  complainant :  '  Taking  all  the  circumstances  into  consideration,  I  say, 
unhesitatingly,  that  E-  F.  Fisler  never  did  receive  a  certificate  entitling  him 
to  a  diploma  from  any  Board  of  Censors  of  which  I  was  a  member,  and  I 
was  a  member  of  every  board  that  convened  in  the  county  during  that 
period.'*  The  society  disclaim  all  invidious  or  unfriendly  views  or  inten- 
tions. They  have  no  other  desire  than  to  act  with  fidelity  in  a  public  duty. 
They  wish  to  injure  no  one,  but  they  cannot  depart  from  an  established 
course  in  favor  of  any. 

By  order  of  the  society,  James  S.  RiSLEY,  President. 

Richard  M.  Cooper,  Secretary." 

*Dr.  Charles  Hannah  resided  in  Salem  county,  and  was  the  president  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey  in  1846. 


Organization  of  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  15 

Closely  following  this  special  meeting,  a  new  light  was 
shed  upon  the  Fisler  controversy.  The  missing  certificate  of 
license,  given  by  the  Board  of  Censors  of  Salem  county  to  Dr. 
Fisler  in  1825,  was  found  by  him  and  presented  to  the  Camden 
county  censors.  The  error  of  Dr.  Hannah  was  immediately 
acknowledged  by  the  Camden  Board  and,  upon  the  institution 
of  legal  proceedings  against  him  by  Dr.  Fisler,  Dr.  Hannah 
made  an  ample  apology  and  the  matter  was  dropped.*  At  the 
semi-annual  meeting  of  the  society  in  December,  the  subject 
was  presented  in  detail  and  the  explanatory  statement  of  Dr. 
Hannah  was  ordered  filed  with  the  minutes,  but  no  further 
public  prominence  was  given  to  it.  A  great  injustice  was 
done  to  Dr.  Fisler  by  the  society.  Had  as  much  spirit  been 
shown  in  investigating  his  professional  record  as  in  deciding 
against  him  upon  ex  parte  testimony,  the  society  would  have 
found  that  not  only  had  Dr.  Fisler  graduated  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  181 8,  but  that  he  was  licensed  by  the 
Board  of  Censors  of  Salem  county  in  1825,  and  was  appointed 
a  member  of  that  board  by  the  State  Medical  Society  in  1829. 
The  method  employed  to  rectify  so  great  an  injustice  was  not 
acceptable  to  Dr.  Fisler.  He  refused  to  join  the  Camden 
County  Society, f  and  the  case  was  presented  to  the  State  Medical 
Society  for  further  consideration  the  following  year,  at  its 
meeting  in  Camden. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Camden  District  Medical 
Society  had  now  become  fully  established  and  regular  meet- 
ings were  held  in  June  and  December,  scientific  questions  and 
the  subject  of  professional  fees  began  to  attract  attention.  Dr. 
James  S.  Risley  was  appointed  to  deliver  an  address  at  the 
annual  meeting  in  June,  and  Doctors  Mulford,  Taylor  and 
Cooper,  to  report  on  professional  intercourse  and  fees.  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin W.  Blackwood,  of  Haddonfield,  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1828,  was  elected  a  member. 

[1848.]  At  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  Dr.  Risley  failed 
to  deliver  the  appointed  address,  and  no  scientific  subject  was 
therefore  discussed.     The  admission  fee  was  fixed  at  three  dol- 

*  MS.  History  of  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  by  Richard  M.  Cooper,  M.  D. 
t  Ibid. 


1 6  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

lars  and  the  annual  dues  at  one  dollar,  with  a  fine  of  one  dollar 
for  non-attendance,  except  in  cases  of  sickness.  Dr.  J.  S.  Ris- 
ley  was  re-elected  president;  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  vice-president, 
and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  semi- 
annual meeting,  in  December,  passed  off  without  discussion 
of  a  medical  subject ;  the  attendance  was  small  and  the  need 
of  popularizing  the  society  was  recognized.  As  a  means 
to  this  end,  it  was  decided  that  members  failing  to  attend,  or 
to  pay  their  fines,  should  have  their  names  stricken  from  the 
roll.  The  code  of  ethics  of  the  American  Medical  Association 
and  the  fee-bill  of  the  State  Medical  Society  were  adopted, 
excepting  the  fee  for  a  single  visit  (fifty  cents),  which  might  be 
increased  to  one  dollar  "when  persons  are  able  and  have  in 
other  instances  paid  it."  Two  licentiates  of  the  State  Medical 
Society  were  elected  to  membership, — Dr.  Edward  J.  Record, 
of  Blackwood,  and  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  of  Camden.  Dr. 
Schenck  graduated  as  an  A.  B.  at  Rutgers  College  in  1844, 
and  M.  D.  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1847. 

[1849.]  It  was  the  duty  of  the  senior  censor  to  receive 
and  transmit  annually  the  licentiate  fees  of  the  board  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  State  Medical  Society.  The  accumulation  of 
the  Camden  county  fees  for  1847  and  1848,  amounting  to 
ninety  dollars,  had  not  been  forwarded  by  Dr.  Risley,  and,  at 
the  request  of  the  treasurer  of  the  State  Society,  a  special 
meeting  of  the  District  Society  was  called,  January  16,  1849, 
to  inquire  into  the  matter.  Although  duly  notified,  Dr.  Risley 
failed  to  attend,  and  Doctors  Cooper,  Mulford  and  Taylor  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  communicate  with  him  and  state  the 
wish  of  the  society  that  the  amount  be  paid  without  delay. 
But  before  communication  had  been  held  with  Dr.  Risley,  and 
at  this  same  meeting,  the  office  of  president,  which  Dr.  Risley 
had  filled  with  great  acceptance  since  1846,  was  declared  vacant, 
and  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  A  copy 
of  the  communication  in  the  archives  of  the  society  is  dated 
the  following  day,  January  17th.  The  summary  method  used 
in  displacing  Dr.  Risley  on  ex  parte  testimony,  and  the  filling 
of  his  position  by  a  member  of  the  committee  appointed  to 
confer  with  him,  before  the  conference  had  been  held,  was  as 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  17 

unjustifiable  as  the  methods  adopted  in  the  Fisler  controversy. 
At  the  June  meeting,  this  committee  reported  that  Dr.  Risley 
had  paid  the  fees  in  full  to  the  State  Society.  During  the  year 
Dr.  Risley  moved  to  Columbia,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  name 
does  not  appear  again  in  the  county  records.*  At  the  special 
meeting,  Dr.  Jacob  P.  Thornton,  of  Haddonfield,  resigned  on 
account  of  the  expense  of  attending  the  meetings,  which  reason 
was  ordered  placed  upon  the  minutes.  Within  the  year,  he 
removed  to  Ohio. 

[1849.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  June  nth,  and 
the  following  elections  were  made :  Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford,  presi- 
dent;  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  vice-president ;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper, 
secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Dr.  Robert  M.  Smallwood,  of 
Chew's  Landing,  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1849,  a  member.  On  December  18th  the  semi-annual  meet 
ing  was  held  at  Haddonfield,  when  the  chief  object  of  discus- 
sion was  the  recent  epidemic  of  cholera.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor 
was  appointed  to  deliver  an  address  at  the  annual  meeting  in 
June,  and  Doctors  John  W.  Snowden,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1844,  and  John  J.  Jessup,  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
1848,  were  elected  members. 

Section  III. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 
[1846.]  The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  met  at  New 
Brunswick,  May  12,  1846,  when  a  petition  was  presented  ask- 
ing for  a  commission  to  institute  a  District  Society  in  Camden 
county.  This  was  favorably  received  and  a  commission  was 
issued  to  the  following  gentlemen  :  Doctors  Jacob  P.  Thornton, 
Charles  D.  Hendry,  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  and 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  "  provided  that  the  corresponding  secretary 
is  satisfied  that  the  above-named  are  licensed  practitioners  of 
this  State,  with  power  to  supply   other  names,   if   necessary." 

*Dr.  Risley  was  the  son  of  Judge  Risley  and  was  born  at  Woodstown,  1817,  and  died 
there  in  1866,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  In  1838,  he  was  licensed  by  the  censors 
of  the  Western  District  and,  in  1844,  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  when  he 
began  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Camden  county.  He  remained  here  until  1849.  "Dr. 
Rislev  was  celebrated  for  his  brilliant  colloquial  powers  When  listening  to  his  almost 
unbroken  flow  of  language,  the  hours  would  pass  unnoticed  away.  In  his  profession  he 
had  few  superiors  either  as  physician  or  surgeon.  Wherever  he  practiced,  he  immediately 
won  the  confidence  of  the  people,  and  became  the  leading  physician.  His  mind  was  one 
of  unusual  power."—  Transactions  N.J.  Medical  Society,  1867. 


1 8  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cozinty. 

This  proviso  led  to  the  substitution  of  the  name  of  Dr.  James 
S.  Risley  for  that  of  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler,  *  as  has  been  stated. 

The  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Hightstown,  November  ioth,  with  Doctors  O.  H.  Taylor,  R. 
M.  Cooper  and  J.  P.  Thornton  present  as  the  representatives 
from  Camden,  who  stated  that  the  District  Society  for  Camden 
county  had  been  duly  organized  and  a  copy  of  the  constitution 
and  by-laws  and  of  the  proceedings  of  the  first  meeting  had 
been  transmitted  to  the  corresponding  secretary.  But  neither 
the  secretary  nor  the  standing  committee  were  present  at  this 
meeting,  and,  in  the  absence  of  any  communication  having 
been  received  from  them,  permission  was  given  the  Camden 
delegates  to  state  the  character  of  their  proceedings  and  to 
submit  certificates  of  delegation.  Under  a  suspension  of  the 
rules,  Doctors  James  S.  Risley,  Jacob  P.  Thornton,  Othniel  H. 
Taylor  and  Richard  M.  Cooper  were  appointed  censors  for 
Camden  county. 

[1847.]  The  annual  meeting  for  1847  was  held  at  New 
Brunswick,  with  Doctors  Risley,  Hendry,  Taylor  and  Cooper 
present  as  delegates.  The  Camden  Society  was  fully  recognized  ; 
censors  were  appointed  for  the  county  and  Dr.  Cooper  was 
made  reporter  for  the  Western  District  of  the  State, t — a  position 
of  importance,  since  it  comprised  all  the  counties  of  West 
Jersey.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  society  at  Bur- 
lington, November  7th,  Doctors  Risley  and  Taylor  represented 
Camden. 

[1848.]  On  May  9,  1848,  the  society  met  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, with  Doctors  Woodruff,  Hendry,  Stout  and  Cooper 
present  as  delegates  from  Camden.  Dr.  Cooper,  in  reporting 
for  the  Western  District,  spoke  briefly  of  ether  and  chloroform, 
the  new  anaesthetics,  concerning  which  the  medical  and  secular 
press  were  teeming  with   articles.     Doctors  Risley,    Mulford, 

*  Records  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society. 

fThe  Standing  Committee  of  the  State  Society  was  established  in  1820,  and,  in  1822,  one 
person  from  each  District  Society  was  appointed  to  report  facts,  history,  etc.,  from  their 
respective  districts.  In  1830,  the  State  was  divided  into  three  medical  districts,  Eastern, 
Middle  and  Western,  and  a  reporter  was  appointed  for  each  to  report  to  the  standing  com- 
mittee. In  1849,  it  was  made  the  duty  of  each  District  Society  to  appoint  its  own  reporter,, 
and,  in  1853,  each  district  or  county  reporter  was  made  a  member,  ex  officio,  of  the  State 
Society. 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  19 

Taylor  and  C.  D.  Hendry  were  appointed  censors,  and  Dr. 
Cooper,  a  delegate  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 
Diplomas  were  granted  by  the  president  to  Doctors  A.  D. 
Woodruff,  D.  M.  Stout  and  Bowman  Hendry,  Jr.,  for  which 
the  regular  fee  of  fifteen  dollars  was  paid.  Doctors  Stout  and 
C.  D.  Hendry  represented  Camden  at  the  semi-annual  meeting 
held  at  Trenton  in  November. 

[1849.]  The  eighty-third  annual  meeting  of  the  society 
occurred  on  May  8th,  at  New  Brunswick,  and  Doctors  Taylor^ 
Schenck  and  Record  were  present  as  delegates  from  Camden, 
Doctors  Mulford,  Taylor,  C.  D.  Hendry  and  Woodruff  were 
appointed  censors,  Dr.  Woodruff  filling  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  removal  of  Dr.  Risley,  and  Dr.  Mulford  taking  the  position 
of  senior  censor.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  elected  third  vice- 
president  and  was  appointed  on  a  committee  to  inquire  into  the 
expediency  of  establishing  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  families  of 
physicians  who  die  in  indigent  circumstances.  This  resulted 
in  an  Act  of  Legislature,  in  1850,  entitled,  "To  Establish  a 
Fund  for  the  Support  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Deceased 
Members  of  the  State  and  District  Societies,"  but  the  matter 
did  not  assume  practical  shape  until  1882,  when  the  Society 
for  the  Relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Medical  Men  of  New 
Jersey  was  established.  Doctors  John  V.  Schenck,  Edward  J. 
Record  and  Robert  M.  Smallwood  were  made  licentiates  of 
the  society. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  semi-annual  meeting,  November 
13th,  the  society  convened  for  the  first  time  in  Camden,  at 
Elwell's  Hotel.  There  was  a  large  attendance,  ten  out  of  the 
fifteen  counties  represented  in  the  society  having  sent  dele- 
gates. A  communication  was  presented  by  Dr.  L,.  F.  Fisler, 
who  was  dissatisfied  with  the  result  of  his  controversy  with  the 
Camden  District  Society,  which  led  to  the  introduction  of  the 
following  resolutions  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor : 

"  WHEREAS,  Many  years  ago,  our  highly  respected  fellow  citizen,  Dr.. 
Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  regularly  and  legally  subjected  himself  to  an  examination 
before  the  proper  Board  of  Examiners  for  the  district  in  which  he  then 
resided,  and  duly  received  from  them  the  usual  certificate,  entitling  him  to 
a  diploma  of  license  from  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  which  certifi- 
cate was  afterwards  for  a  long  time  lost ;  moreover, 


20  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Whereas,  Much  misapprehension  upon  this  subject  has  occurred,  giving 
rise  to  erroneous  statements  questioning  the  reception  of  a  certificate  by  Dr. 
Fisler,  and  in  other  respects  doing  him  injury  in  his  professional  reputa- 
tion ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  president  be  authorized  to  issue  a  diploma  of  license 
to  the  said  Dr.  Fisler,  in  a  manner  which  he  shall  deem  most  agreeable  to  the 
feelings  of  the  recipient,  and  best  calculated  to  make  amends  for  uninten- 
tional injustice  committed  by  the  society  in  the  premises." 

These  resolutions  arose  from  the  desire  of  the  County 
Medical  Society  to  make  amends  to  Dr.  Fisler  for  past  injus- 
tice, and  the  State  Society  readily  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine ;  but  he  never  overlooked  the  in- 
dignity sufficiently  to  join  the  County  Society.  Nevertheless, 
he  subsequently  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  of  the 
Camden  City  Medical  Society  and  of  the  Camden  City  Dispen- 
sary, maintained  the  respect  of  the  community  as  a  physician, 
and  was  subsequently  elected  Mayor  of  the  city.  Dr.  Othniel 
H.  Taylor,  third  vice-president,  delivered  an  address  on  "Medi- 
cal Reform  and  the  Present  System  of  Medical  Instruction," 
which  was  received  with  much  appreciation.  The  methods  of 
teaching  in  medical  colleges  were  attacked  and  the  society 
urged  to  guard  more  zealously  its  censorship  over  applicants 
for  its  honors.  The  address  was  published,  at  the  request  of 
the  society,  and  was  one  of  the  factors  which  led  to  the  con- 
centration of  the  Medical  colleges  against  the  society  and  to 
the  passage  of  the  Medical  Acts  of  185 1  and  1854,  which 
practically  annulled  its  censorship, — a  result  exactly  opposite 
to  that  anticipated  by  the  author  and  by  the  society.  The 
separation  of  State  medical  examining  boards  from  those  of 
college  faculties  was  a  distinctive  tenet  of  the  New  Jersey 
Medical  Society,  and  its  delegates  were  instructed  to  bring  this 
fact  to  the  attention  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 
The  report  of  the  standing  committee  for  the  Western  Dis- 
trict was  made  by  Dr.  Franklin  Gauntt,  and  the  advantage  of 
having  a  reporter  for  each  District  Society  was  advocated. 
The  by-laws,  in  consequence,  were  amended  to  this  effect. 
The  bill  of  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  for  expenses  incurred  in  attend- 
ing the  American  Medical  Association,  amounting  to  twenty- 
four  dollars  was  ordered  paid. 


The  Censors  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  fersey .  21 

Section  IV. — The  Censors  of  the  Medical  Society  of 

New  Jersey. 
The  proper  method  of  admitting  new  practitioners  into  the 
medical  fraternity  of  New  Jersey  has  been  a  matter  of  anxious 
discussion  by  the  regular  profession  in  New  Jersey,  and  has 
occasioned  many  and  widely  different  legislative  enactments  at 
various  periods.  How  to  maintain  the  high  standard  of  educa- 
tion and  character  necessary  to  the  good  repute  of  the  medical 
profession,  and  at  the  same  time  to  place  no  unnecessary  burden 
upon  the  candidates  for  license,  has  been  a  complex  problem. 
For  a  long  time,  in  the  history  of  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey, 
the  matter  was  left  to  adjust  itself.     Between  the  medical  code 

promulgated  by  the  Duke  of  York  in  1665,  and  the 
[1772.]     "  Act  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine,"  passed 

in  1772,  there  were  no  laws  regulating  medical 
practice  in  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey.  The  Medical  Society 
of  New  Jersey  was  organized  in  1766,  but  the  state  of 
medicine  was  so  low,  at  that  time,  it  was  not  deemed 
advisable  to  ask  for  legislative  sanction,  and  the  organi- 
zation was,  therefore,  voluntary.  The  society,  however,  in 
the  succeeding  year  raised  the  standard  of  education  of 
medical  apprentices  by  requiring  a  knowledge  of  Latin  and 
Greek  and  a  term  of  four  years  of  study,  and  also  secured  the 
enactment  of  the  medical  law  of  1772,  which  provided  for  the 
examination  of  candidates  by  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court, 

assisted  by  one  or  more  physicians  selected  by  them. 
[1783.J  In  1783,  the  colonial  law  was  re-enacted  by  the  State 
[181 1.]     and  the  examining  provision  was  retained.     In  181 1, 

the  State  was  divided  into  three  medical  districts,  East- 
ern, Middle  and  Western,  and  three  examiners  were  appointed  for 
each  district,  and  the  State  Society  prayed  the  Supreme  Court 
to  accept  these  physicians  as  the  examiners  required  by  law. 

In  the  Act  re-incorporating  the  State  Medical  Society 
[1816.]     in  1816,  District  or  County  Societies  were   provided 

for,  and  the  State  Society  was  empowered  to  nom- 
inate examiners,  or  censors,  in  each  District  Society,  to  examine 
intending  practitioners  of  medicine  and  to  certify  to  their 
fitness  for  license  by  the  president  of  the  State  Society  ;  to  direct 


22  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  prescribe  methods  of  examination ;    to  license  applicants 
and  to  prescribe  the  penalty  of  practicing  as  a  physician  or 

surgeon  without  a  license.  In  the  supplementary 
[1818.]     Act  of  1818,  the  censors  were  made  the  appointees, 

instead  of  the  nominees,  of  the  State  Society,  and 
the  District  Societies  were  relieved  of   the  responsibility  of 

their  selection.  This  continued  until  1830,*  when 
[1830.]  the  State  was  again  divided  into  three  medical 
[1844.]     districts,  Eastern,  Middle  and  Western,  and  the  old 

method  of  appointing  censors  was  reverted  to.  In 
1844,  the  appointment  of  four  censors  for  each  District  Society 
was  again  adopted  by  the  State  Society,  the  fees  received  being 
turned  into  the  treasury  of  the  State  Society,  in  order  to 
re-awaken  interest  in  District  Societies  by  restoring  to  them 
the  rights  of  examination.  This  continued  until  1866,  when 
the  censors  were  abolished. 

[1846.]  Upon  the  recognition  of  the  Camden  District 
Medical  Society  b}-  the  State  Society,  in  1846,  Doctors  James  S. 
Risley,  Jacob  P.  Thornton,  Othniel  H.  Taylor  and  Richard  M. 
Cooper  were  appointed  censors  for  the  Camden  Society.  The 
appointment  of  a  Board  of  Censors  caused  great  discussion  and 
excited  much  feeling  among  a  number  of  the  medical  prac- 
titioners of  the  county.  It  at  once  placed  the  County  Society 
in  a  commanding  position,  because  only  through  it  could  legal 
entrance  into  the  profession  in  the  county  be  obtained.  It  also 
cemented  a  closer  relationship  between  the  County  and  the 
State  Society. 

[1847.]  Doctors  Mulford,  Risley,  Taylor  and  C.  D.  Hendry 
were  re-appointed  censors  in  May,  1847,  Dr.  Hendry  taking  the 
place  of  Dr.  Thornton,  and  on  June  8th  the  board  held  their 
first  meeting  and  issued  the  following  notice  : 

"Sir. — You  are  hereby  notified  that  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Censors  for  Camden  county  will  be  held  at  English's  Hotel,  Camden,  on 
Tuesday  next,  15th  June,  inst.,  at  ten  o'clock,  a.m.,  for  the  purpose  of 
examining  candidates  for  medical  licenses. 

By  order  of  the  District  Medical  Society  for  Camden  county, 

Richard  M.  Cooper,  Secretary." 

*  The  Act  of  Legislature,  January  28,  1830,  provided  for  the  examination  of  students 
through  the  Boards  of  Censors  of  the  several  counties  or  districts  ;  and  three  approving 
signatures  made  valid  each  certificate  recommending  the  applicant  for  license,  which, 
when  presented  to  the  president  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  empowered  him  to  grant  a 
license  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  the  society. 


The  American  Medical  Association.  23 

In  response  to  this  notice,  Doctors  Bowman  Hendry,  Jr., 
of  Gloucester ;  A.  D.  Woodruff,  of  Camden,  and  D.  M.  Stout,  of 
Berlin,  appeared  before  the  board  for  examination  and  were 
recommended  to  be  licensed  by  the  president  of  the  State 
Society.     These  were  the  first  medical  licentiates  in  the  county. 

[1848.]  At  the  meeting  of  the  State  Society,  May  9th, 
Doctors  Risley,  Mulford,  Taylor  and  C.  D.  Hendry  were 
appointed  censors,  and  Bdward  J.  Record  and  John.  V.  Schenck 
were  examined  and  recommended  for  license. 

[1849.]  On  account  of  the  difficulty  relating  to  the 
transmission  of  licentiate  fees  to  the  treasurer  of  the  State 
Society,  as  has  been  previously  related  (Sections  II  and  III), 
Dr.  Woodruff  was  appointed  censor  in  place  of  Dr.  Risley. 
Dr.  Robert  M.  Smallwood  was  recommended  for  medical  license. 

Section  V. — The  American  Medical  Association. 
[1846.]  Notwithstanding  the  progress  of  various  States  in 
medical  organization,  no  national  effort  had  been  made  to  unite 
the  regular  profession  of  medicine  or  to  bind  together  State 
medical  organizations.  This  was  greatly  needed.  The  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  organized  in  1844,  provided 
for  the  needs  of  homoeopathic  practitioners,  but  the  regular 
profession  lacked  unity  of  purpose  and  cohesion,  and  was 
without  a  code  of  ethics.  In  recognition  of  this,  the  New 
York  State  Medical  Society  issued  a  call,  in  1845,  f°r  a  meet- 
ing of  delegates  from  medical  societies  and  colleges  through- 
out the  United  States,  to  convene  in  New  York  in  May, 
1846.*  New  Jersey  was  not  officially  represented.  At  this 
meeting,  resolutions  to  institute  a  National  Medical  Associa- 
tion were  adopted  and  committees  were  appointed  to  issue  an 

address  to  medical  societies  and  schools  of  medicine, 
[1847.]     inviting  them  to  meet  in  Philadelphia  in  May,  1847, 

to  report  a  plan  for  a  national  organization,  and  to 
adopt  an  authorized  code  of  ethics.  At  this  second  meeting, 
the  American  Medical  Association  was  organized,  a  code  of 
ethics  was  adopted,  the  standard  of  medical  education  was 
elevated   and  the  autonomy  of  the    profession  secured.     New 

*  Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 


24  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

Jersey  was  represented  by  a  number  of  delegates,  among 
whom  were  Doctors  R.  M.  Cooper  and  O.  H  Taylor,  and  the 
delegation  took  an  active  part  in  the  proceedings.  Medical 
organization  was  dear  to  them,  New  Jersey  being  the  first 
colony  to  establish  a  medical  society  (1766),  to  institute  medi- 
cal examinations  (1772),  and  to  raise  the  apprenticeship 
standard  of  medical  study  (1790).  Their  interest  was  more 
active  because  of  the  effort  made,  in  1845,  by  the  medical 
colleges  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  to  have  their  graduates 
admitted  to  practice  medicine  within  New  Jersey  without 
examination  and  license  by  the  State  Medical  Society.  This 
attempt  to  repeal  medical  enactments  was  made  in  conjunction 
with  Thompsonians  and  was  successfully  opposed  through  the 
influence  of  the  State  Medical  Society. 

This  convention  marked  an  era  in  the  medical  progress  of 
the  United  States,  and  tended  to  unite  the  profession  through- 
out the  country  ;  to  place  upon  an  equal  footing  the  member 
of  a  county  medical  society  and  the  college  professor ;  to 
bind  together  by  organization  medical  men  of  unquestioned 
standing  and  to  eliminate  from  the  ranks  of  the  profession 
ignorant  pretenders  and  quacks. 

[1848.]  The  association  met  at  Baltimore  on  May  2, 
1848,  with  four  hundred  and  seventy-five  physicians  present^ 
including  eight  delegates  from  New  Jersey.  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper  represented  the  State  Medical  Society  and  Dr.  O.  EL 
Taylor  the  Camden  District  Society.  The  organization  was 
decidedly  popular,  and  the  contrast,  as  stated  in  the  speeches, 
between  the  requirements  of  American  and  European  medical 
colleges  made  a  profound  impression  and  showed  the  necessity 
of  an  extended  curriculum  of  medical  study  in  this  country. 
The  expenses  of  both  State  and  county  delegates  were  paid 
by  the  societies  represented. 

[1849.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held 
in  Boston,  in  1849,  twenty-two  States  being  represented  by 
over  four  hundred  delegates.  Dr.  Cooper  attended  on  behalf 
of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  and  Doctors  J.  V.  Schenck 
and  C.  D.  Hendry  for  the  Camden  District  Society,  and  became 
permanent  members,  with  Doctors  Cooper  and  Taylor. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  25 

Section  VI. — Miscellaneous  Interests. 

A.  THE  CAMDEN  COUNTY  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

[1847.]  The  Camden  County  Bible  Society*  was  organ- 
ized June  21,  1847,  for  the  object  of  putting  a  copy  of  the 
Bible  in  every  household  in  the  county  and  in  the  hands  of 
every  worthy  person.  "After  these  needs  are  supplied,  the 
funds  remaining  are  given  to  the  American  Bible  Society." 
The  organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Lorenzo 
F.  Fisler,  as  president,  and  Mr.  J.  C.  de  la  Cour,  as  secretary, 
whose  store  was  the  first  depository  for  the  Bibles.  These 
gentlemen  held  their  respective  offices  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  1876,  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong  was  elected  treasurer,  a 
position  held  by  him  until  his  death,  in  1881.  In  this  year, 
Dr.  S.  B.  Irwin  was  made  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

B.  MULFORD'S  HISTORY  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

[1848.]  In  May,  1848,  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford's  "Civil  and 
Political  History  of  New  Jersey"  was  published.  This  is  an 
important  literary  contribution  and  embraces  the  period 
between  the  early  English  discoveries  in  America  and  the  close 
of  the  Revolution,  in  1783.  The  adoption  of  the  State  Consti- 
tution, following  the  Revolutionary  War,  is  especially  con- 
sidered and  brief  mention  is  made  of  its  revision  in  1844. 
The  book  contains  five  hundred  pages,  divided  into  twenty- 
three  chapters.  It  was  written  during  a  period  of  active 
medical  practice  and  to  carry  out  a  fondness  for  historical 
research  for  which  the  author  was  distinguished.  It  is  the 
most  elaborate  and  comprehensive  literary  production  by  any 
member  of  the  medical  profession  in  Camden  county,  and  is  an 
accepted  authority  on  New  Jersey  history. 

C.      CHOLERA. 

[1849.]  This  year  was  memorable  in  Camden  county 
because  of  the  second  invasion  of  cholera.  The  first  epidemic 
occurred  in  1832,  when  the  disease  made  its  appearance  in 
Quebec  and  spread  throughout  the  northern  States.  At  that 
time,  it  prevailed  extensively  in  Philadelphia  and  Dr.  Othniel  H. 

*MS.  Notes  of  Rev.  F.  R.  Brace,  PhD 


26  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Taylor  served  as  a  consulting  physician  to  the  Sanitary  Board 
of  that  city,  and  rendered  such  distinguished  assistance  that  he 
was  presented  with  a  service  of  silver  by  the  City  Council.  In 
1848,  cholera  entered  this  country  by  the  way  of  New  Orleans 
and  spread  rapidly.  In  1849,  one  hundred  and  nineteen  cases 
occurred  in  Camden  county,  with  fifty  deaths.  It  was  a  more 
extensive  epidemic  than  that  of  1832,  and  occasional  outbreaks 
occurred  throughout  the  State  until  1854.  The  disease  was 
largely  treated  by  direct  depletion.  The  physicians  of  Cam- 
den received  at  this  time  universal  praise  for  their  numerous 
acts  of  heroism  in  staying  the  plague.* 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  for  1854 


CHAPTER  III. 
THE  PERIOD  FROM    1850  TO   1855. 

Section  I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

The  relationship  between  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey  and  the  District  Societies  was  cemented  during  this 
period  by  the  establishment  of  a  nominating  committee  in  the 
State  Society  ;  the  appointment  of  a  reporter  in  each  District 
Society  and  the  combined  opposition  of  certain  medical  col- 
leges and  systems  of  medicine  against  the  censorship  of  the 
State  Medical  Society.  The  Camden  District  Society  was 
more  closely  linked  with  that  of  the  State  through  the  presi- 
dency of  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor. 

[1850.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Society  was 
held  at  New  Brunswick,  May  14th,  when  Doctors  Blackwood, 
Woodruff  and  Bowman  Hendry  represented  the  Camden 
Society.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  elected  second  vice-president 
and  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  a  delegate  to  the  American  Medical 
Association.  Diplomas  were  granted  to  Doctors  John  W. 
Snowden  and  George  J.  Jessup,  by  the  president,  and  Doctors 
Mulford,  Taylor,  Woodruff  and  C.  D.  Hendry,  were  appointed 
censors, — positions  retained  by  them  through  re-appointment 
during  this  period.  The  appointment  of  a  nominating  com- 
mittee for  the  selection  of  officers  for  the  State  Society,  and  of 
a  reporter  for  each  District  Society,  was  championed  by  the 
Camden  delegates  as  a  means  of  removing  existing  jealousies 
in  the  selection  of  officers  and  of  acquainting  the  State  Society 
more  fully  with  the  diseases  prevailing  throughout  the  State. 

The  status  of  medical  officers  of  the  United  States  Army 
and  Navy  was  made  a  subject  of  official  inquiry.  Because  of 
the  number  of  medical  officers  furnished  by  New  Jersey,  the 
State  Society  was  especially  interested  in  protecting  their 
rights  and  advancing  their  interests.  This  applied  with  par- 
ticular force  to  Camden  count}',  which  was  represented  in  the 

27 


28  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

navy  by  Doctors  Robert  M.  Smallwood  and  William  S. 
Bishop,  and,  as  an  advocate  of  the  cause,  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  sub- 
mitted the  following  resolutions,  which  were  adopted : 

"  Whereas,  It  is  a  manifest  duty  that  organized  medical  bodies  should 
exercise  a  proper  influence  for  the  protection  of  the  rights  of  such  regular 
members  of  the  profession  as  are  necessarily  detached  from  the  great  body 
of  their  brethren  ;  and, 

Whereas,  Many  of  the  medical  officers  included  in  the  military  organ- 
izations of  the  country  are  placed  in  this  condition  ;  and, 

Whereas,  We  heard  with  regret  that  there  is  a  disposition  on  the  part 
of  a  portion  of  the  naval  service  to  deprive  medical  men  connected  with  that 
department  of  the  benefits  arising  from  an  assimilated  rank,  conferred  by  a 
general  order  of  a  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy  ;  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society  regards  with 
pleasure  the  successful  efforts  of  Naval  Boards  in  raising  the  standard  of  liter- 
ary and  medical  knowledge,  for  admission  to  their  ranks. 

Resolved,  That  the  society  is  much  pleased  to  learn  that  in  their  system 
of  examination  the  diplomas  of  the  schools  (which  are  now  but  too  easily 
obtained)  are  wholly  disregarded  ;  and  that  the  moral  character  of  the  candi- 
date, and  his  scientific  and  professional  attainments,  are  his  only  passports 
to  the  medical  corps  of  the  navy. 

Resolved.  That  this  society  cannot  look  with  indifference  on  any  attempt 
to  depress  or  degrade  a  whole  class  of  officers  belonging  to  a  liberal  profess- 
ion, and  so  indispensable  in  the   proper  organization  of  the  navy. 

Resolved,  That  as  a  well-defined  '  assimilated  rank  '  has  been  assigned  to 
medical  officers  of  the  army  by  an  Act  of  Congress  dated,  February  II,  1847, 
this  society  cannot  believe  that  an  invidious  distinction  will  be  made 
between  the  medical  departments  of  the  public  service  ;  but  that  the 
National  Legislature  will  grant  to  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  their  just 
claim  to  a  nominal  rank,  or  to  a  social  position  as  respectable  among  the 
other  grades  of  the  navy  as  the  medical  staff  of  the  army  now  enjoy  by  law, 
in  relation  to  their  brethren  in  the  line  of  that  service. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  through  the  chief  of  the  medical  department ;  and  also  that  a 
copy  be  forwarded  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Naval  Committee  in  each  House 
of  Congress." 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  in  November,  at 
Elizabethtown,  with  Doctors  Blackwood,  Hendry  and  Wood- 
ruff as  delegates.  The  year  was  reported  as  unusually  healthy 
throughout  the  State ;  the  cholera  epidemic  of  the  preceding 
year  seeming  to  have  exhausted  the  predisposition   to  disease. 

[185 1.]  In  January,  the  State  Society  presented  a  bill  to 
the  Legislature  to  amend  the  incorporative  Act  of  1830,  so 
that  the  place .  and  time  of  the  annual  meeting  might  be 
changed  to  Trenton,  in  January  ;  the   semi-annual   meetings 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  29 

discontinued,  and  the  standard  of  the  censors'  examinations 
advanced  for  those  without  a  diploma  in  the  arts.  The  provis- 
ions of  the  Act  were  enacted,  with  the  exception  of  that  part 
relating  to  the  censors1  examinations,  which  was  amended  to 
admit  the  graduates  of  certain  medical  colleges  of  New  York 
and  Philadelphia  to  practice  without  examination  by  the 
censors.  The  amendment  (which  will  be  considered  under 
the  Section  relating  to  the  Medical  Act  of  185 1)  was,  in  part, 
agreed  to  by  certain  prominent  physicians  throughout  the 
State,  but  did  not  meet  with  the  unqualified  approval  of  the 
State  Society.  The  annual  meeting,  on  May  31st,  at  New 
Brunswick,  was  one,  therefore,  of  unusual  interest.  The  Act 
was  not  satisfactory  and  was  discussed  with  much  earnestness 
by  those  members  who  were  not  graduates  of  the  five  favored 
colleges.  In  consequence  of  this  enactment,  the  semi-annual 
meetings  were  discontinued  and  the  fees  accruing  from  the 
censors'  examinations  were  so  greatly  reduced  that  the  pay- 
ment of  the  expenses  of  the  delegates  to  the  American  Medical 
Association  was  discontinued.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  the  only 
representative  from  the  Camden  Society  and  was  elected  first 
vice-president. 

[1852.]  On  January  21st,  the  State  Society  met  at 
Trenton,  in  accordance  with  the  new  medical  law,  and  with 
Doctors  Cullen,  Schenck,  Woodruff  and  C.  D.  Hendry  present 
as  delegates  and  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  as  vice-president.  The 
provisions  of  the  new  law  relating  to  medical  examinations 
were  the  subject  of  animadversion  and,  much  to  the  satisfaction 
of  those  members  who  favored  a  higher  standard  of  medical 
education,  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  who  in  1849  so  strongly  espoused 
the  censorship  of  the  society,  was  elected  president.  Of  the 
forty-eight  licentiates  of  the  year,  among  whom  was  Dr.  John 
R.  Andrews,  of  Camden,  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  Medical 
College,  forty  were  graduates  of  the  colleges  favored  in  the 
Act,  and,  therefore,  exempt  from  examination  by  the  censors. 
This  indicates  the  force  of  the  college  combination  against  the 
society  in  the  legislation  of  the  preceding  year. 

[1853.]  On  January  25th,  the  State  Society  met  at  Trenton 
with  President  Othniel  H.   Taylor  in   the  chair  and   Doctors 


30  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Snowden,  Birdsell,  Cooper  and  C.  D.  Hendry  present  as  dele- 
gates. One  of  the  objects  in  revising  the  charter  of  the  society 
was  to  provide  for  holding  the  annual  meeting  at  Trenton  in 
January,  in  order  to  strengthen  the  society  before  the  Legisla- 
ture in  the  interests  of  higher  medical  education.  Of  this,  and 
of  the  censorship  of  the  society,  Dr.  Taylor  was  an  acknowl- 
edged exponent,  in  consequence  of  which,  and  to  further  the 
interests  named,  the  Executive  and  Legislature  were  invited  to 
hear  his  address  before  the  society  on  the  "  Relations  of  Popular 
Education  with  the  Progress  of  Empiricism."  The  address  was 
received  with  favor  and  published  by  order  of  the  society,  but 
failed  to  turn  the  tide  of  public  and  professional  opposition  to 
its  censorship.  The  appointment  of  a  reporter  from  each 
District  Society,  under  the  revision  of  the  by-laws  in  1849,  na(^ 
not  proved  a  success.  None  had  reported  to  the  standing 
committee  and,  to  remedy  this,  the  committee  suggested  that 
each  reporter  be  made  an  ex  officio  member, — a  provision,  how- 
ever, that  remained  dormant  for  a  long  time. 

[1854.]  The  eighty-eighth  annual  meeting  was  held  at 
Trenton  with  Doctors  Woodruff,  Cullen,  Mulford  and  B. 
Hendry  as  delegates  from  Camden  county.  This  was  an  im- 
portant session.  The  favoritism  shown  three  years  previously 
to  five  medical  colleges  aroused  the  jealousies  and  opposition 
of  the  graduates  of  other  medical  schools ;  so  that  conciliatory 
measures  were  adopted,  admitting  a  diploma  from  any 
chartered  college,  with  a  curriculum  equal  to  that  of  the 
colleges  previously  recognized,  as  sufficient  evidence  of  medical 
study  to  be  presented  to  the  censors  in  lieu  of  an  examination 
by  them.  This  marked  the  extreme  limit  reached  by  the 
society  in  its  modification  of  its  own  censorship,  and  practi- 
cally admitted  the  graduates  of  regular  medical  colleges  to 
practice,  without  examination.  But  this  was  not  sufficient  to 
stem  the  tide  of  opposition  to  the  censors'  examination,  which 
arose  from  regular  and  irregular  practitioners  of  medicine,  as 
well  as  frpm  the  laity,  as  the  enactment  of  1854  will  show. 
At  this  meeting,  the  standing  committee  was  composed 
exclusively  of  Camden  physicians,  viz.:  Doctors  Mulford, 
Cooper  and  Bowman  Hendry.     This  committee  was  changed 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  3 1 

annually,  and  appointments  from  the  same  section  of  the  State 
were  made  to  facilitate  its  work.  The  Medical  Act  of  1854 
(which  will  be  considered  under  Section  VI.)  was  passed  by 
the  Legislature  after  the  adjournment  of  the  society,  and 
aroused  its  membership  as  they  were  never  aroused  before.  In 
consequence  of  this,  a  special  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
at  Trenton,  July  nth,  at  the  request  of  several  District 
Societies,  among  which  Camden  was  foremost,  to  consider  the 
recent  legislative  enactments  concerning  medical  practice. 
The  society,  after  discussion,  referred  the  matter  to  the  standing 
committee,  which  reported,  through  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  that  the 
subject  be  referred  to  the  Fellows  present,  to  report  to  the  society 
at  its  present  session.  The  report  was  adopted  and  the  Fellows, 
after  consideration,  requested,  through  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,*  that 
a  committee  be  appointed  to  memorialize  the  next  Legislature 
to  repeal  the  law  in  question.  A  resolution  on  membership 
similar  to  that  adopted  by  the  Camden  District  Society  in 
June,  was  submitted  and  referred  to  the  next  annual  meeting. 
But  these  efforts  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  society,  which 
were  largely  prompted  by  Camden  physicians,  proved  futile  in 
the  face  of  the  growing  sentiment  of  liberalism  in  medical 
practice. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 
[1850.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Camden  District 
Medical  Society  was  held  at  English's  Hotel,  June  18th, 
when  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  delivered  the  annual  address  on 
"Disease  of  the  Prostate  Gland."  Because  of  the  increase  in 
membership  and  the  desire  for  rotation  in  office,  the  by-laws 
were  amended,  limiting  the  eligibility  of  the  president  and 
vice-president  to  two  years  in  succession.  Since  1846,  the 
position  of  president  had  been  filled  successively  by  Doctors 
Risley  and  Mulford.  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  was  elected  presi- 
dent; Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  vice-president;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper, 
secretary  and  treasurer  and  also  reporter  to  the  State  Medical 
Society,  a  position  held  by  him  for  a  number  of  years.     Dr. 

*Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  became  a  Fellow  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  under 
the  Medical  Act  of  1823,  which  provided  that  presidents  of  the  society  shall  rank  as  Fellows 
and  be  entitled  to  the  rights  and  privileges  of  delegates. 


32  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Cooper  reported  attendance  at  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion at  Cincinnati,  in  May.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting, 
December  17th,  Dr.  Jacob  Grigg,  of  Blackwood,  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1 843 ;  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen, 
of  Camden,  graduate  of  the  same  University  in  1844,  and  Dr. 
Sylvester  Birdsell,  of  Camden,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1848,  were  elected  members. 

[185 1.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in 
Camden,  June  17th.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  delivered  the  annual 
address  on  "  Revaccination."  The  popularity  of  the  society 
had  not  become  fully  established  and  there  were  still  a  number 
of  reputable  practitioners  in  the  county  who  declined  to 
affiliate  with  it,  and  others  who  disregarded  both  it  and  the 
laws  governing  medical  practice.  In  order  to  become  accu- 
rately informed  concerning  the  number  of  physicians  prac- 
ticing in  the  county,  the  society  appointed  a  committee  to 
report  at  the  next  meeting  "the  names  of  all  person's  practic- 
ing medicine  in  the  county,  distinguishing  the  licensed  phy- 
sician and  regular  graduate  from  irregular  practitioners."  Dr. 
Isaac  S.  Mulford  was  re-elected  president ;  Dr.  Othniel  H. 
Taylor,  vice-president ;  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  Dr.  Ezekiel  C.  Chew,  of  Blackwood,  graduate  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1843,  a  member  of  the  society. 
Following  the  example  of  the  State  Society,  the  semi-annual 
meetings  were  discontinued. 

[1852.]  On  June  15th,  the  society  held  its  annual  meet- 
ing, in  Camden,  and  Dr.  Charles  D.  Hendry  delivered  the 
annual  address  on  "Fracture  of  the  Skull."  In  accordance 
with  the  resolutions  passed  in  1850,  limiting  the  term  of  the 
president  and  vice-president  to  two  years,  a  change  was  made 
in  the  selection  of  officers.  Dr.  C.  D.  Hendry  was  elected 
president ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  vice-president ;  Dr.  T.  F. 
Cullen,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Dr.  B.  Fullerton  Miles,  of 
Camden,  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1852,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  society.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  report,  at 
the  ensuing  meeting,  the  prevalent  diseases  of  the  year,  and 
the  fees  in  emergency  cases  were  decided  to  be  due,  in  the 
absence  of  the  regular   medical  attendant,   to    the    physician 


The  Camde?i  District  Medical  Society.  33 

called  upon.  The  committee  appointed  to  report  the  number 
and  names  of  physicians  practicing  in  the  county,  distinguish- 
ing the  regular  and  licensed  from  the  irregular  and  unlicensed, 
made  the  following  report :  Regular  physicians — Benjamin 
W.  Blackwood,  licentiate,  Haddonfield;  Sylvester  Birdsell, 
licentiate,  Camden ;  Ezekiel  C.  Chew,  Blackwood ;  Richard 
M.  Cooper,  licentiate,  Camden  ;  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  licentiate, 
Camden;  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  licentiate,  Camden;  Frederick  R. 
Graham,  licentiate,  Blackwood;  Jacob  Gregg,  licentiate,  Tans- 
boro ;  Bowman  Hendry,  licentiate,  Gloucester ;  Charles  D. 
Hendry,  licentiate,  Haddonfield  ;  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  licentiate, 
Camden ;  William  C.  Mulford,  licentiate,  Gloucester ;  B.  Fuller- 
ton  Miles,  licentiate,  Camden ;  Edward  J.  Record,  licentiate, 
Blackwood ;  Daniel  M.  Stout,  licentiate,  L,ong-a-coming  ; 
Joseph  B.  Stafford,  Camden;  John  V.  Schenck,  licentiate, 
Camden  ;  Robert  M.  Smallwood,  licentiate,  Blackwood  ;  John 
W.  Snowden,  licentiate,  Waterford  Works;  Martin  Synnott, 
Blackwood  ;  Othniel  H.  Taylor,  licentiate,  Camden ;  Jacob  P. 
Thornton,  licentiate,  Haddonfield  ;  A.  D.  Woodruff,  licentiate, 

Haddonfield,  and Allen,  Williamstown.     There  were  in 

addition  two  homoeopathic  practitioners  and  one  botanic 
physician.  Of  the  twenty-seven  physicians  mentioned,  twenty- 
five  were  graduates  of  regular  medical  colleges,  and  of  these 
twenty-one  were  licensed  by  the  State  Medical  Society,  includ- 
ing one  who  subsequently  practiced  homoeopathy.  Of  the  six 
unlicensed  physicians,  four  were  graduates  of  regular  medical 
colleges,  one  a  homceopathist  and  one  a  botanic  doctor.  Of 
the  twenty-seven  practitioners  named,  seventeen  were  members 
of  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 

[1853.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  June 
21st,  with  an  attendance  of  nine  members.  At  this  time,  there 
was  but  little  spirit  of  co-operation  among  physicians,  and  the 
District  Society,  therefore,  was  not  a  strong  factor  in  profes- 
sional progress.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  chairman  of  the  special 
committee,  reported  that  remittent  fever  was  generally  preva- 
lent with  a  tendency  to  local  congestion  and  intestinal  hemor- 
rhage.    This  report  led  to  the  establishment  of  a    standing 


34  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

committee,  instructed  to  report  the  diseases  incident  to  the 
year,  and  Doctors  Taylor,  Woodruff  and  Snowden  were  made 
its  members.  The  sum  of  ten  dollars  was  received  from  the 
State  Medical  Society  as  the  apportionment  due  from  censor 
and  licentiate  fees,  this  being  in  excess  of  the  amount  required 
to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  society  and  of  the  delegates  to  the 
American  Medical  Association.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  reported 
attendance  at  the  American  Medical  Association  at  New  York, 
in  May;  Dr.  C.  D.  Hendry  was  elected  president;  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  secretary  and 
treasurer;  Dr.  R.  M.  Smallwood,  U.  S.  N.,  was  dropped  from 
the  rolls ;  Dr.  Edward  J.  Record,  of  Blackwood,  was  expelled 
for  adopting  homoeopathy,  and  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Benjamin 
W.  Blackwood,  of  Haddonfield,  was  accepted  for  the  same 
reason. 

[1854.]  On  June  19th,  the  annual  meeting  of  the  society 
was  held  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel.  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  made 
the  report  of  the  standing  committee  and  presented  the  sub- 
ject of  "Placenta  Prsevia."  The  constitution  was  amended 
by  limiting  the  term  of  the  president  to  one  year.  The  new 
medical  law,  enacted  in  March,  was  discussed  and  a  resolution 
was  adopted,  requesting  the  State  Medical  Society  to  meet  in 
special  session  and  petition  the  Legislature  for  its  repeal  or 
modification ;  in  consequence,  a  special  meeting  of  the  State 
Society  was  held  on  July  nth.  This,  however,  did  not  fill  the 
measure  of  opposition  against  the  new  medical  law.  A  resolu- 
tion was  adopted,  limiting  the  membership  to  those  possessing 
a  diploma  from  the  State  Society,  irrespective  of  their  collegiate 
affiliations.  But  this  proved  of  little  avail,  because,  of  the 
twenty-seven  practicing  physicians  in  the  county,  only  fifteen 
were  members  of  the  society  at  this  time.  Dr.  A.  D.  Woodruff 
was  elected  president;  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  vice-president; 
Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Doctors  G.  W. 
Bartholomew,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1853,  and  Richard  C.  Dean,  a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  and 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1854,  were  elected  to  membership. 
During  this  period,  Doctors  Mulford,  Taylor,  Hendry  and 
Woodruff  were  the  State  Society's  appointees  for  censors. 


The  Medical  E7iactment  of  1S51.  35 

Section  III. — The  Medical  Enactment  of  185 1. 

[1851.]  The  year  1851  marked  an  era  in  the  medical 
history  of  New  Jersey.  Previously  to  this  time,  the  only  legal 
way  of  entering  the  medical  profession  in  New  Jersey  was 
through  the  censors'  examination  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society.  Through  the  influence  of  this  society,  medical  exam- 
inations were  instituted  in  1772,  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  were  continued  until  18 16, 
when  the  State  Society  was  re-incorporated  and  Boards  of 
Censors  were  established  as  appointees  of  the  society.  Under 
the  direction  of  its  censors,  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society 
guarded  with  a  jealous  care  the  interests  of  the  profession. 
But,  in  the  progress  of  time,  this  censorship  was  complained 
of  by  medical  colleges  as  inimical  to  public  and  professional 
interests ;  the  cry  of  monopoly  was  raised  by  empirics  and  the 
law  was  finally  attacked  and  practically  abrogated,  through 
medical  colleges  of  neighboring  States.  The  society,  however, 
believed  in  its  censorship,  because,  at  this  time,  there  was  no 
accepted,  universal  standard  of  medical  education,  and  medical 
graduates  varied  considerably  in  their  attainments;  so  that 
restraining  laws,  governing  medical  practice,  were  needful. 
Medical  education  had  been  a  subject  of  discussion  in  the 
American  Medical  Association  since  its  organization  in  1847, 
when  an  effort  was  made  to  make  up  its  constituent  member- 
ship of  delegates  from  County  and  State  Medical  Societies 
throughout  the  Union,  and  to  exclude  those  from  medical 
colleges,  hospitals  and  asylums.  This  movement  was  intended 
to  advance  the  cause  of  medical  education,  by  excluding  a 
personally  interested  element,  and  also  to  unite  more  thoroughly 
in  its  interests  County  and  State  Societies.  The  movement 
resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  Association  of  American 
Medical  Colleges,  which  adopted  a  standard  curriculum  of 
medical  study,  and  has,  at  this  time,  a  membership  of  about 
seventy  institutions. 

In  January,  the  committee,  appointed  at  the  preceding 
annual  meeting  of  the  State  Society  to  propose  amendments 
for  a  revision  of  the  charter  of  the  society,  presented  a  bill  for 
the  same  to  the  Legislature.     The  bill  was  introduced  as  a 


36  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

supplement  to  the  medical  Act  of  1830,  and  provided  for  trie 
holding  of  the  annual  meeting  at  Trenton,  in  January;  the 
discontinuance  of  the  semi-annual  meeting ;  the  power  of  the 
society  to  revoke  medical  license  for  unprofessional  conduct ; 
the  right  of  the  censors  to  demand  a  four  years'  course  of 
study  from  applicants  not  having  a  diploma  in  the  arts,  and 
for  other  medical  matters.*  This  movement  was  taken  advan- 
tage of  by  the  graduates  of  medical  colleges  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia,  and  the  revising  bill  was  amended  and  passed  to 
permit  the  graduates  of  five  medical  colleges;  viz.,  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  the  Medical 
Department  of  Pennsylvania  College,  and  such  other  medical 
colleges  as  the  society  shall  from  time  to  time  designate,  to 
present  their  diplomas  to  the  president  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  New  Jersey  with  testimonials  of  good  character,  and,  if  satis- 
fied with  such  testimonials,  the  president  was  authorized  and 
empowered  to  grant  a  license,  under  his  hand  and  the  seal  of 
the  society,  to  practice  within  the  State,  for  which  a  sum  not 
exceeding  five  dollars  was  demanded.  The  Act  was  approved, 
March  15,  1851.  The  contest  which  led  to  the  passage  of  this 
law  was  begun  by  the  medical  colleges  in  1845,  but  was  then 
defeated  by  the  society.  In  1849,  the  cause  of  higher  medical 
education  was  championed  by  Dr.  S.  H.  Pennington,  at  the 
annual  meeting,  and  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  at  the  semi-annual 
meeting  of  the  State  Society ;  and  when  the  revised  charter  was 
presented  to  the  Legislature,  empowering  the  censors  of  the 
State  Medical  Society  to  demand  a  four  years'  course  of  study 
from  applicants  without  a  diploma  in  the  arts,  the  contest 
became  aggressive  on  the  part  of  the  medical  colleges  named. 
In  this  year,  there  were  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  fourteen 
medical  students  at  the  colleges  in  Philadelphia  and  six  hundred 

*"  In  1850,  the  committee  on  charter  reported  several  amendments.  *  *  *  This  pro- 
ceeding came  to  the  knowledge  of  the  colleges  through  the  published  Transactions.  *  *  * 
When  the  committee  came  before  the  Legislature,  they  were  met  by  the  colleges  in  full 
force.  *  *  *  Although  the  committee  succeeded  in  regard  to  its  own  amendment,  yet 
the  adverse  influence  procured  the  passage  of  another,  virtually  exempting  certain  colleges 
from  the  provisions  of  the  law." — Address  of  Dr.  T.  Ryerson,  Transaciions  of  State  Medical 
Society,  1858. 


Political  Interests.  37 

and  eighty-one  in  New  York.*  New  Jersey  being  situated 
between  these  medical  centres,  the  opposition  to  the  extension 
of  the  period  of  medical  stndy  and  to  the  increase  of  power  in 
the  censorship  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society,  was 
obvious. 

Immediately  following  the  executive  approval  of  the  law, 
its  execution  became  at  once  a  source  of  embarrassment  to  the 
State  and  District  Medical  Societies,  because  of  its  limitations 
and  favoritism.  It  was  the  first  Act  passed  by  the  Legislature 
to  thwart  the  interests  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
whose  existence  antedates  that  of  the  State ;  the  first  to  disturb 
their  mutual  relationship  since  the  medical  enactment  in  1783. 
The  censors  of  the  society  were  not  officially  connected  with 
the  colleges  and  were,  therefore,  disinterested  in  the  examina- 
tion. They  acted  wholly  in  the  interest  of  the  medical 
profession  and  the  public  good.  The  law  not  only  abrogated 
the  examining  power  of  the  society,  but  placed  it  in  a  position 
of  compulsory  favoritism  to  the  five  medical  colleges  named. 
Graduates  from  these  colleges  were  admitted  to  practice 
medicine  within  New  Jersey,  without  passing  an  examination 
before  the  Board  of  Censors  and  upon  paying  a  fee  of  five 
dollars,  while  those  of  other  colleges  were  examined  by 
the  censors  and  taxed  fifteen  dollars  by  the  society  for 
a  diploma.  A  reward  was  practically  offered  students  to 
attend  the  colleges  mentioned  in  the  Act,  and  a  penalty 
prescribed  for  joining  others.  The  State  Medical  Society 
was  outwitted  and  beaten,  and  the  law  was  so  clearly  unjust 
that  other  medical  colleges  and  their  graduates  secured  the 
passage  of  an  Act,  in  1854,  still  further  modifying  its  censor- 
ship. 

Section  IV. — Political  Interests. 

[1850.]  The  medical  profession  has  always  manifested 
an  interest  in  national  and  municipal  politics  and,  during  this 
period,  the  physicians  of  Camden  county  took  an  active  part 
in  political  affairs.  In  the  winter  of  1850,  a  new  charter  was 
granted  to  the  city  of  Camden  by  the  Legislature 
[185 1.]     and     was      supplemented,      during     the     following 

*New  Jersey  Medical  Reporter  for  1851. 


38  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

year,  by  an  Act  greatly  enlarging  municipal  authority.  The 
growth  of  the  city  demanded  new  provisions  for  its  welfare 
and,  in  the  selection  of  its  officers,  a  deeper  interest  was  mani- 
fested by  the  citizens.  The  contest  for  the  Mayoralty  excited 
considerable  interest,  because  of  the  enlarged  official  duties  and 
the  number  of  candidates  in  the  field.  The  question  of  the 
day,  underlying  party  interests  and  causing  the  political  division 
of  national  issues  into  three  parties  during  the  Taylor-Fillmore 
administration,  was  slavery.  The  agitation  made  itself  felt  in 
Camden  and  necessitated  placing  three  candidates  in  the  field : 
Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  American  candidate;  Dr.  Othniel  H. 
Taylor,  Whig  candidate,  and  John  Sands,  Democratic  candi- 
date.* Of  the  votes  cast,  Dr.  Fisler  received  four  hundred 
and  forty;  Dr.  Taylor,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five,  and  Mr. 
Sands,  three  hundred  and  forty-five,  t  Dr.  Fisler  had  filled  the 
office  of  Mayor  in  1840,  '41,  '42  and  '43,  and  was  a  candidate, 
in  1848,  on  the  Whig  ticket,  but  was  defeated.  His  re-election 
again  evidenced  the  respect  in  which  he  was  held  by  his 
fello  w-to  wn  smen. 

[1852.]  At  this  time,  Dr.  Reynell  Coates,  of  Camden, 
was  the  acknowledged  champion  of  aggressive  Americanism. 
He  helped  to  found  the  Native  American  party  in  1837,!  and  at 
the  first  national  convention  in  Philadelphia,  in  1845,  wrote 
the  platform  adopted  by  the  party.  The  Native  American 
party  advocated  the  rights  and  privileges  of  Americans,  as 
opposed  to  those  of  foreigners,  and  demanded  a  residence  of 
twenty-one  years  as  a  qualification  for  naturalization.  The 
party  was  an  incident  in  the  political  history  of  the  period. 
During  the  closing  years  of  the  Fillmore  administration,  four 
political  parties  marshalled  their  forces  to  secure  the  presidency. 
Pierce  and  King  were  the  Democratic  candidates ;  Scott  and 
Graham,  the  Whig  candidates ;  Hale  and  Julian,  the  Free-Soil 
candidates,  and  Daniel  Webster  and  Dr.  Reynell  Coates,  the 
Native  American  candidates.  The  main  question  at  issue 
before  the  country  was  the  Compromise  Act  of  1850,  which 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 

t  Ibid. 

I  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  American  Party  in  Politics,  by  J.  H.  Lee. 


Political  Interests.  39 

the  greater  parties  favored,  but  the  Free-Soil  party  opposed. 
During  the  campaign,  Daniel  Webster  died,  leaving  the  Native 
Americans  without  a  head,  and  the  party,  therefore,  did  not 
carry  a  State  in  the  election.  The  Democratic  candidates 
were  elected ;  the  Free-Soil  party  passed  out  of  existence ;  the 
Whig  and  American  parties  consolidated  in  the  subsequent 
presidential  election,  after  which  all  issues  went  down  before 
slavery ;  the  Whig  party  gave  place  to  the  Republican  party 
and  the  Native  American  party  degenerated  into  a  secret 
political  organization  called  the  Know-Nothings. 

[1853.]  During  this  year,  a  fusion  ticket  of  Whigs  and 
Americans  was  formed  in  Camden  and  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler, 
its  candidate,  was  re-elected  Mayor  and  again  re-elected  the 
following  year  as  an  American  and  Anti-Nebraska  candidate. 

[1854.]  Following  the  erection  of  Camden  county  in 
1844,  the  office  of  coroner  was  filled  by  non-medical  men, 
which  proved  unsatisfactory  to  the  people,  because  of  the 
medical  as  well  as  judicial  qualifications  required  in  the 
investigation  of  casual,  accidental  and  violent  causes  of  death. 
Medical  knowledge  is  required  to  determine  the  cause  of 
death,  and  legal  knowledge  to  determine  the  bearing  of  relative 
evidence.  The  office  naturally  belongs  to  medical  men  and 
the  recognition  of  its  requirements  led  to  the  nomination 
and  election  of  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand,  of  Camden,  in  1854. 
Since  then,  the  office  of  coroner  of  the  county  has  been  filled 
by  Dr.  Rowand  in  1868;  Dr.  Duncan  W.  Blake,  of  Gloucester 
City,  in  1871,  '74  and  '78;  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong,  of  Cam- 
den, in  1871,  '73  and  '74;  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard,  of  Camden, 
in  1878;  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner,  of  Camden,  in  1881  and  1884; 
Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  of  Camden,  in  1884  ;  Dr.  Edwin  Tomlinson, 
of  Gloucester  City,  in  1884;  Dr.  H.  H.  Davis,  of  Camden,  in 
1884;  Dr.  George  W.  Henry,  of  Camden,  in  1887;  Dr.  James 
G.  Stanton,  of  Camden,  1887  ;  Dr.  E.  R.  Smiley,  of  Camden, 
in  1890,  and  by  Dr.  Edwin  Tomlinson,  of  Gloucester  City,  in 
1890.  The  term  of  office  of  the  coroner  was  formerly  one 
year,  but  it  has  been  extended  to  three  years  and  the  county 
divided  into  three  districts. 


4©  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Section  V. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1853.]  On  June  2d,  the  Medical  Society  for  the  City  of 
Camden  was  organized.  This  was  the  medical  event  of  the 
year  within  the  county.  The  growth  of  Camden  ;  the  increased 
number  of  physicians ;  the  interval  between  the  meetings  of 
the  County  Medical  Society,  and  the  necessity  for  bringing  the 
physicians  of  Camden  into  closer  relationship  with  each  other, 
in  order  to  advance  their  mutual  interests,  led  to  its  formation. 
The  importance  of  such  an  organization  had  been  discussed  for 
a  long  time,  and,  by  mutual  consent,  Doctors  Lorenzo  F. 
Fisler,  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  Othniel  H.  Taylor,  Richard  M. 
Cooper,  Sylvester  Birdsell,  Thomas  F.  Cullen  and  John  V. 
Schenck  met  June  2,  1853,  and  organized  the  society.  At 
this  temporary  organization,  Doctors  Taylor,  Birdsell  and 
Fisler  were  appointed  to  prepare  a  constitution  and  by-laws 
and  to  report  the  same  at  an  adjourned  meeting  to  be  held  June 
1 6th.  The  constitution,  as  reported,  provided  for  meetings  to 
be  held  in  December,  March  and  June,  and  for  the  annual 
meeting  in  September;  a  standing  committee  to  execute  the 
business  of  the  society  between  the  meetings  and  to  superin- 
tend its  publications ;  a  membership  limited  to  regular  grad- 
uates who  have  complied  with  the  medical  laws  of  New 
Jersey ;  the  adoption  of  the  code  of  ethics  formulated  by  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  of  the  fee-bill  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  and  for  a  reporter  on  medical 
literature,  improvements  in  medical  science  and  the  diseases 
prevalent  during  the  quarter.  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford  was 
elected  president;  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  vice-president;  Dr. 
John  V.  Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer  ;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper, 
reporter,  and  Doctors  Cooper,  Birdsell  and  Cullen  were  elected 
the  standing  committee.  The  financial  delinquencies  of  patients 
were  made  the  subject  of  debate  and  a  constitutional  clause  was 
adopted,  providing  for  the  reporting  of  delinquents  by  each 
member  in  writing  to  the  secretary,  who  should  arrange 
the  names  alphabetically  and  furnish  copies  to  each  member  of 
the  society.  The  financial  status  of  the  citizens  of  Camden 
became  well  known  to  the  society,  but  the  law  proved  unpop- 
ular and  ineffective  in  its  application  and  was  omitted  in  the 


The  Medical  Enactment  of  1854. .  4 1 

revision  of  the  constitution  in  1887.  The  organization  of 
the  society  was  voluntary ;  no  charter  was  obtained,  and  the 
society  is  still  without  legal  status  except  in  its  elective 
relation  to  the  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  September  1st,  when 
the  officers  were  re-elected.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  read  the 
quarterly  report  and,  in  discussing  malarial  and  typhoid  fevers, 
stated,  in  substance,  that  remittent  and  intermittent  fevers, 
known  as  "autumnal  fevers,"  were  most  prevalent  in  the 
southern  section  of  Camden  because  of  the  marsh  lands  and 
the  prevalence  of  south-west  winds ;  and,  in  that  portion 
bordering  on  the  meadows,  intermittent  fever  prevailed  from 
July  to  October  with  a  tendency  to  return  on  the  seventh, 
fourteenth  or  twenty-first  day.  As  the  population  increased 
and  the  improvements  of  the  city  were  extended,  he  believed 
that  intermittent  fever  would  cease  its  annual  visitations  and 
give  place  to  typhoid  fever,  which  was  most  prevalent  in 
North  Camden,  where  the  greatest  improvements  had  been 
made.  At  the  December  meeting,  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell  read 
a  paper  on  dysentery,  claiming  it  to  be  of  malarial  origin 
because  of  its  intermittent  character. 

[1854.]  On  March  2d,  the  society  convened  at  the  resi- 
dence of  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler ;  in  June,  at  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck's ; 
in  September,  the  annual  meeting  was  held  and  Dr.  I.  S. 
Mulford  was  re-elected  president ;  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Doctors  Richard  C.  Dean,  Samuel  Thomas  and  Jesse  Sellers 
were  elected  members.  Dr.  Mulford  delivered  an  address  on 
"  Laryngitis "  and  Dr.  Cullen  reported  a  case  of  yellow  fever 
in  a  patient  recently  arrived  from  Savannah,  which  recovered 
without  further  infection.  In  October,  a  special  meeting  was 
held  to  discuss  cholera,  which  will  be  considered  under  its 
proper  section.     In  December,  no  meeting  was  held. 

Section  VI. — The  Medical  Enactment  of  1854. 
[1854.]     Following  the  enactment  of  the  medical  law  of 
1 85 1,   a  condition  of  dissatisfaction  pervaded  the  profession, 
because  of  the  favoritism  shown   to  the  five  medical  colleges 


42  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  Co?inty. 

named  in  the  Act ;  so  that  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey, 
at  its  annual  meeting  in  January,  1854,  adopted  conciliator}- 
measures  admitting  the  graduates  of  any  regular  medical 
school  to  practice  medicine  within  New  Jersey,  without  exam- 
ination before  its  censors.  But  this  did  not  suffice  to  stem  the 
tide  of  opposition  to  the  censors'  examinations.  Physicians  of 
the  homoeopathic,  eclectic,  botanic,  Thompsonian  and  other 
schools  secured  a  legislative  Act  that  made  it  "lawful  for  all 
persons  of  good  moral  character,  who  have  diplomas  from  any 
medical  college  or  medical  department  of  any  university  of 
any  State  of  the  United  States,  which,  before  conferring  diplo- 
mas, requires  those  upon  whom  they  are  conferred  to  be 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  to  have  studied  physic  and  surgery 
three  full  years  with  a  lawful  practitioner  of  medicine,  includ- 
ing two  full  courses  of  lectures  of  not  less  than  twelve  weeks 
each,  in  which  shall  be  taught  the  principles  of  materia  inedica, 
pharmacy,  chemistry,  anatomy,  physiology,  and  the  practice  of 
physic,  surgery  and  midwifery,  to  practice  physic  and  surgery 
in  this  State,  after  depositing  a  copy  of  such  diploma,  trans- 
lated into  the  English  language,  with  the  clerk  of  the  county 
in  which  such  practitioner  may  reside."  This  law  was  passed 
at  the  close  of  the  session  of  the  Legislature  and  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society.*  It  was 
approved  March  17th.  It  practically  abrogated  the  duties  of  the 
censors ;  diminished  the  influence  of  the  society  and  lowered 
the  moral  and  educational  standard  of  the  medical  profession 
in  New  Jersey.  It  directly  contravened  the  efforts  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  to  extend  the  period  of  medical 
study,  and  made  easy  the  registration  of  fraudulent  diplomas 
from  bogus  medical  colleges,  which  began  to  flourish  about 
this  time.  It  became  unpopular  with  the  regular  profession  of 
the  State,  because  strict  examinations  had  been  required  to 
enter  upon  medical  practice  since  1772,  a  period  of  eighty-two 
years,  and  the  tone  of  the  older  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession was  consequently  very  high.  For  the  first  time  in  her 
history,  New  Jersey  was  thrown  open  to  practitioners  of  every 
kind  and  grade,  since  the  law  was  indifferently  enforced,  and 

*  MS.  History  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper. 


Cholera.  43 

the  censorship  of  the  State  Society  so  limited,  that  it  was 
voluntarily  surrendered  to  the  State  in  1866.  Medical  practice 
in  New  Jersey  remained  uninfluenced  by  restrictive  legislation 
until  1880,  a  period  of  twenty -six  years. 

The  enactment  of  this  medical  law  gave  such  encourage- 
ment to  homoeopathic  practitioners  of  medicine  that  a  State 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized,  but  was  not 
incorporated  until  1870.  This  system  of  medical  practice  was 
becoming  popular  throughout  New  Jersey  and  won  to  its  ranks 
not  a  few  regular  practitioners,  and  much  of  the  influence  ex- 
erted in  securing  the  legislation  in  question  was  due  to  the 
followers  of  Hahnemann.  The  organization  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1844  ;  the  founding  of  the  Homoe- 
opathic Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  1848,  which  subse- 
quently became  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadel- 
phia (the  oldest  homoeopathic  college  in  the  world),  and  the 
influence  of  the  homoeopathic  schools  of  New  York  City,  made 
successful  the  efforts  to  overthrow  the  censorship  of  the  Medi- 
cal Society  of  New  Jersey.  In  Camden,  the  new  system  of 
medicine  became  popular.  Dr.  J.  R.  Andrews,  a  regular  gradu- 
ate of  medicine  and  a  licentiate  of  the  State  Medical  Society 
in  1852,  was  the  first  to  adopt  and  practice  it.  In  1853,  Dr.  & 
J.  Record,  of  Blackwood,  and  Dr.  B.  W.  Blackwood,  of  Had- 
donfield,  both  members  of  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society, 
adopted  it  and,  in  1875,  Dr.  Samuel  Carles,  of  Camden, 
began  homoeopathic  practice. 

Section  VII. — Cholera. 
[1854.]  In  April,  cholera  broke  out  in  Chicago,  among 
recently  arrived  immigrants,  and  soon  spread  throughout  the 
country.  In  June,  it  was  introduced  into  Quebec  by  an  infected 
ship  and  became  epidemic  in  that  quarter.  In  July,  the 
disease  made  its  appearance  in  Camden,  and  in  October  became 
an  epidemic.  A  special  meeting  of  the  Camden  City  Medical 
Society  was  held  on  October  14th  to  consider  the  subject,  and, 
with  Mayor  Fisler,  to  inaugurate  measures  to  check  its  spread 
and  to  quiet  the  general  alarm.  After  accomplishing  this,  the 
society  adjourned  to  the  19th,  when   it  convened  for  further 


44  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

discussion,  and  the  conclusion  was  reached  that  "calomel,  ace- 
tate of  lead  and  the  cautious  use  of  opium"  gave  the  best 
therapeutic  result.  At  the  regular  meeting,  December  7th, 
Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  in  a  report  on  the  subject,  said:  "Cholera 
made  its  appearance  in  Camden  about  the  middle  of  July  in 
Mulford's  Alley,  where  two  or  three  fatal  cases  occurred.  *  *  * 
In  a  few  days,  it  spread  rapidly  and  well-marked  cases  were 
under  the  treatment  of  almost  every  physician  in  the  town. 
The  alarm  became  general  and  almost  every  one  either  had,  or 
imagined  they  had,  a  diarrhoea.  Toper  and  temperance  man 
flew  to  brandy  as  a  preventive,  and  Brown's  Essence  of  Jamaica 
Ginger  was  deemed  by  many  an  'Elixir  of  Life.'  *  *  * 
Whilst  no  one  part  of  the  town  was  entirely  exempt  from  the 
disease,  the  majority  of  cases  exhibited  themselves  in  the  North 
and  Middle  wards,*  and  between  Third  street  and  the  Delaware 
river.  The  disease  presented  itself  in  a  much  more  unmanage- 
able form  than  in  the  epidemics  of  1832  and  1849.  *  *  * 
In  August,  the  city  was  almost  exempt  from  the  epidemic. 
*  *  *  During  the  first  week  in  October,  cholera  again  made 
its  appearance  without  warning.  Persons  were  attacked  in 
various  parts  of  the  town.  *  *  *  The  disease  prevailed  in 
epidemic  form  until  about  the  first  of  November."  As  sum- 
marized by  Dr.  Cullen,  there  were  in  the  first  epidemic  fifty- 
seven  cases  and  twenty-two  deaths ;  in  the  second,  thirty-seven 
cases  with  fifteen  deaths,  making  a  total  of  ninety-four  cases 
with  thirty-seven  deaths  during  the  year,  a  death  rate  of  thirty- 
nine  and  one-third  per  cent.  This  was  a  less  extensive 
epidemic  of  cholera  than  that  of  1849,  when  one  hundred  and 
nineteen  cases  with  fifty-seven  deaths  occurred  in  Camden, — 
a  death-rate  of  forty-seven  per  cent. 

Section  VIII. — Physicians  and  Druggists. 
During  the  period  under  consideration,  the  drug  interests 
of  Camden  were  extended  by  the  opening  of  a  drug-store  at 
Fourth   and   Walnut    streets   by    Dr.    Sylvester    Birdsell,    in 

*In  1848,  Camden  was  divided  into  three  wards,  North,  Middle  and  South.  The  North 
ward  comprised  that  portion  of  the  city  lying  north  of  Federal  street ;  the  Middle  ward, 
that  portion  between  Federal  and  Line  streets,  and  the  South  ward  that  portion  south  of 
Line  street.    In  1871,  the  city  was  divided  into  eight  wards. 


Physicians  and  Druggists.  45 

1 85 1,  which  has  passed  successively  into  the  possession  of  Dr. 
M.  West,  Samuel  Cochran,  Dr.  C.  M.  Green  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Stock ; 
by  the  opening  of  a  drug-store  by  Dr.  T.  G.  Rowand  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  Fifth  and  Federal  streets,  which  was  removed 
to  the  northeast  corner  of  the  same  streets  and  has  been  owned 
successively  by  Prof.  A.  P.  Brown  and  Prof.  G.  M.  Beringer, 
and  by  the  opening  of  a  drug-store  at  Haddonfleld  by  C.  S. 
Braddock.  In  1852,  the  profession  lost,  through  death,  Doctors 
George  Barrows  and  John  J.  Jessup.  In  1854,  Dr.  George  S. 
F.  Pfeiffer,  formerly  a  medical  cadet  in  the  navy  of  Holland 
and  an  officer  in  the  French  army,  where  he  won  distinction  in 
his  profession,  and  Dr.  William  G.  Thomas,  a  graduate  of  Penn- 
sylvania Medical  College,  located  in  Camden.  Among  the 
more  prominent  publications  of  this  period  is  the  paper  on 
"Forensic  Medicine  in  New  Jersey,"  by  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford. 


CHAPTER  IV. 
THE  PERIOD  FROM  1855  TO  i860. 

Section  I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1855.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Trenton,  January  25th,  and  attended  by  Doctors  Mulford, 
Cooper  and  Bowman  Hendry  as  members  of  the  standing 
committee,  and  Doctors  .Schenck,  Bartholomew,  Dean  and 
C.  D.  Hendry,  as  delegates.  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  never 
attended  the  meetings,  after  the  special  meeting  in  1854,  until 
1863.  Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford  presented  an  elaborate  report  on  the 
cholera  epidemics  of  1832,  '49  and  '54,  and  also  urged  the 
repeal  of  the  legislative  enactment  of  the  preceding  year  relat- 
ing to  medical  practice.  Doctors  Mulford,  Taylor,  Woodruff 
and  C.  D.  Hendry  were  appointed  censors  for  Camden  county, 
and  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper  was  elected  second  vice-president. 
Of  the  twenty-one  diplomas  granted  by  the  president,  only  four 
of  the  recipients  passed  the  censors'  examination. 

[1856.]  On  January  21st,  the  society  met  at  Trenton 
with  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  present  as  vice-president  and  Dr.  J.  V. 
Schenck  as  a  delegate.  Dr.  Cooper  was  elected  president  of 
the  society.  This  was  the  second  time  the  office  had  been 
conferred  on  a  Camden  physician,  the  first  being  in  1852, 
when  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  held  the  position.  A  modification  of 
the  medical  laws  was  again  made  the  subject  of  discussion,  and 
a  second  committee  was  appointed  to  memorialize  the  Legisla- 
ture to  this  end,  but  failed,  as  in  all  preceding  efforts.  The 
State,  in  consequence,  became  a  free  field  for  practitioners  of' 
medicine  of  every  grade  and  kind;  self-protecting  measures, 
governing  the  membership  of  the  society,  became  necessary,, 
and  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted : 

' '  Resolved,  That  no  person  hereafter  shall  be  deemed  qualified  to  hold  a 
seat  in  this  society  unless  he  shall  have  obtained  a  license  agreeable  to  the 
provisions  of  our  charter  and  by-laws  as  they  existed  prior  to  the  legislative 
session  of  1854. 
46 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  47 

Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  several  District  Societies  not 
to  admit  to  membership  any  person  who  has  not  received  a  regular  diploma, 
according  to  the  by-laws  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey." 

These  resolutions  were  approved  and  adopted  by  the  Dis- 
trict Societies  throughout  the  State  and,  as  a  result,  the  educa- 
tional record  of  physicians,  when  applicants  for  membership  in 
medical  societies,  became  a  matter  of  investigation  and 
irregular  physicians  were  openly  ostracized.  Of  the  eight 
licenses  granted  by  the  president,  only  two  were  upon  the  cer- 
tificates of  the  censors,  thus  showing  the  indifference  with 
which  the  society  was  regarded  by  beginning  practitioners  of 
medicine. 

[1857.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Trenton,  January  27  th.  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  the  presi- 
dent, delivered  an  address  on  "Vaccination,"  a  subject  to  which 
he  had  given  much  attention.  Preliminary  to  the  address,  Dr. 
Cooper  said,  in  reference  to  the  medical  enactment  of  1854: 
"As  the  most  sanguine  among  us  have  ceased  to  look  any 
longer  for  the  repeal  of  those  enactments  that  have  deprived 
us  of  the  power  that  our  society  had,  for  so  many  years,  used 
without  partiality,  but  with  justice,  both  to  the  profession  and 
the  people,  we  shall  be  enabled  by  union  and  harmony  among 
ourselves  to  maintain  our  society  as  an  organization  honorable 
in  its  aims  and  useful  in  its  results."  Notwithstanding  this 
address,  the  medical  laws  of  185 1  and  1854  still  rankled  in  the 
bosom  of  the  society,  and  a  resolution  was  adopted  to  instruct 
the  standing  committee  to  obtain  legal  advice  as  to  "What 
constitutes  a  valid  license  under  existing  laws."  The  Camden 
District  Society  was  represented  by  Doctors  C.  D.  Hendry, 
Bowman  Hendry,  T.  F.  Cullen  and  J.  V.  Schenck,  and  the 
censors  lor  the  county  were  re-appointed.  By  resolution,  the 
secretary  of  each  District  Society  was  made  a  reporter,  and  the 
report  to  the  standing  committee  from  the  Camden  Society 
was  made  by  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck. 

[1858.]  The  society  met  at  Trenton,  January  25th,  with 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  present  as  a  fellow  and  Doctors  Thomas, 
Birdsell,  Woodruff  and  Snowden,  as  delegates.  Dr.  William  A. 
Newell,  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  attended  the  meeting.     The 


48  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

first  change  was  made  in  the  Board  of  Censors  for  Camden 
county  since  1849,  the  appointees  being  Doctors  Cooper, 
Taylor,  Hendry  and  Schenck.  Dr.  Cooper  was  appointed  in 
the  place  of  Dr.  Mulford  and  Dr.  Schenck  in  that  of  Dr. 
Woodruff.  The  medical  enactments  of  1851  and  1854  were 
still  subjects  of  adverse  comment.  Dr.  T.  Ryerson  delivered 
an  address  on  "An  Examination  of  Some  of  the  Principles  and 
Workings  of  the  Medical  Law,"  and,  after  reciting  the  legisla- 
tive history  of  the  society,  said : 

"At  the  semi-annual  meeting  in  Camden  in  1849,  Vice-president  Othniel 
H.  Taylor  addressed  the  society  specifically  on  the  existing  system  of  medical 
education.  In  this,  the  medical  colleges  received  a  most  unmerciful  but  just 
and  well-deserved  scoring.  Under  the  influence  of  this  address,  the  society 
formally  resolved  in  favor  of  Boards  of  Examiners  separate  from  the  faculties 
of  the  different  medical  schools.  At  the  session  of  1850,  the  committee  ap- 
pointed on  charter  reported  several  amendments  directed  towards  raising  the 
standard  of  general  education,  which  amendments  the  society  directed 
should  be  urged  upon  the  attention  of  the  Legislature.  Of  course  all  these 
proceedings  came  to  the  knowledge  of  the  colleges  through  the  published 
Transactions,  and,  as  a  consequence,  when  the  committee  came  before  the 
Legislature  they  were  met  by  the  colleges  in  full  force.     The  society, 

'  WKE  AN  EAGLE  IN  A  DOVE-COTE,' 
had  fluttered  their  parchment  plumage,  and  although  the  committee  suc- 
ceeded in  regard  to  its  own  amendments,  yet  the  adverse  influence  procured 
the  passage  of  another,  virtually  exempting  certain  first-class  colleges  from 
the  provisions  of  the  whole  law.  *  *  *  The  wedge  was  entered  under  the 
license  system  and  it  toppled  and  fell." 

The  standing  committee  presented,  under  instructions,  a 
report  as  to  "  What  constitutes  a  valid  license  under  existing 
laws,"  from  Hon.  William  L.  Dayton,  who  said  :  "The  sup- 
plement of  1854  gives  authority  to  practice  medicine  in  New 
Jersey  under  the  conditions  named  in  the  Act  and  obviates  the 
necessity  for  a  technical  license  from  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey."  With  this  opinion,  the  hope  of  the  State  Society 
for  a  restoration  of  its  chartered  privileges,  in  the  examination 
and  licensing  of  physicians,  vanished  to  re-appear  in  the  meet- 
ing of  the  American  Medical  Association  in  the  ensuing  May. 

£1859.]  The  ninety-third  annual  meeting  of  the  society 
was  held  at  Trenton,  January  25th,  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was 
the  only  representative  from  Camden.  A  change  was  again 
made  in  the  Camden  Board  of  Censors,  Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford  taking 


The  American  Medical  Association.  49 

the  place  of  Dr.  0.  H.  Taylor  who  had  served  since  1847  ;  the 
board  now  consisted  of  Doctors  Mulford,  C.  D.  Hendry, 
Schenck  and  Cooper.  New  departures  in  the  raising  of  a 
revenue,  in  the  publication  of  the  Transactions  of  the  society  and 
in  the  reorganization  of  the  nominating  committee,  were  made. 
Since  the  enactment  of  the  medical  law  of  1854,  the  revenue 
derived  from  medical  examinations  and  the  licensing  of  candi- 
dates had  decreased  to  such  an  extent  that  a  direct  tax  became 
necessary  and  an  assessment  of  three  dollars  for  every  ten  mem- 
bers was  made  upon  each  District  Society.  One  of  the  objects 
of  the  tax  was  the  publication  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
society  in  separate  form.  Up  to  1849,  none  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  society  had  been  published,  but  at  the  semi-annual 
meeting  of  that  year,  in  Camden,  The  New  Jersey  Medical  and 
Surgical  Reporter  was  made  the  official  organ  of  the  society, 
and  the  Transactions  were  printed  in  its  columns  until  1858.* 
In  the  following  year,  the  annual  issue  in  the  present  form  was 
begun.  x\nother  step  was  taken  in  the  direction  of  county 
equalization,  in  the  selection  of  officers  through  a  nominating 
committee,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each  District 
Society. 

Section  II. — The  American  Medical  Association. 

[1855.]  On  May  1st,  the  association  met  in  Philadel- 
phia, with  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  present  as  one  of  the  delegates 
from  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  ;  Doctors  Mulford  and 
Woodruff,  from  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  ;  Dr.  T. 
F.  Cullen,  from  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  and  Dr.  O. 
H.  Taylor,  as  a  permanent  member.  Dr.  Taylor  was  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  committee  on  vital  statistics.  Dur- 
ing the  succeeding  year,  Camden  was  not  represented  in  the 
association,  but,  in  1857,  Dr.  Cooper  attended  the  meeting  of 
the  association  at  Nashville,  Tennessee. 

[1858.]  On  May  4th,  the  association  met  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  with  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  as  one  of  the  representa- 

*  The  New  Jersey  Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter  was  started  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  in  1847  ;  in  1860,  the  journal  was  sold  to  Dr.  S.  W.  Butler,  who  removed 
it  to  Philadelphia  and  changed  the  name  to  The  Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter. 


50  History  Medical  Profession  Camdeii  County . 

tives  from  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  and  Dr.  A.  D. 
Woodruff  from  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society.  At  this 
meeting",  the  delegation  from  New  Jersey  took  a  prominent 
part.  Failing  to  repeal  or  amend  the  medical  laws  of  185 1 
and  1854,  the  New  Jersey  delegates  introduced  a  resolution  ask- 
ing that  a  Board  of  Censors  be  established  in  each  Judicial 
Circuit  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  who  should 
examine  candidates  for  membership  in  the  association  and  on 
whose  certificate  the  president  of  the  association  should 
grant  a  diploma.  Doctors  Schenck  and  Woodruff  supported 
this  motion.  The  resolution  was  laid  over  under  the 
rules  and  never  recalled.  It  was  the  last  act  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  in  opposing  unlicensed  medical 
practice  and,  in  1866,  the  society  voluntarily  surrendered  its 
censorship. 

Section  III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 

[1855.]  On  June  19th,  the  society  met  at  the  hotel  of 
James  El  well,  Camden,  with  an  attendance  of  ten  members. 
Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford  presented  the  report  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee and  spoke  of  the  tendency  of  malarial  fever  to  assume 
a  typhoid  form,  and  of  the  difference  between  it  and  enteric 
fever.  Dr.  A.  D.  Woodruff,  the  president,  delivered  an  address 
on  "Oxide  of  Silver  as  a  Medicinal  Agent."  Dr.  G.  W. 
Bartholomew,  having  followed  Doctors  Record  and  Blackwood 
in  adopting  homoeopathy,  was  expelled  from  the  society.  At 
this  time  there  were  six  regular  graduates  in  medicine  prac- 
ticing homoeopathy  within  the  county;  viz.,  Doctors  E.  J. 
Record,  of  Blackwood;  B.  W.  Blackwood,  of  Haddonfield,  arid 
Doctors  G.  W.  Bartholomew,  J.  R.  Andrews,  Samuel  Carles 
and  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer,  of  Camden.  The  following  officers  were 
elected:  President,  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  ;  vice-president,  Dr. 
Bowman  Hendry;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Dr.  Richard  C. 
Dean  ;    standing  committee,  Doctors  Cooper,  Stout  and  Dean. 

[1856.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  on 
June  17th,  with  an  address  on  "Infantile  Pneumonia,"  by  Dr. 
Bowman  Hendry.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  read  the  report  of  the 
standing  committee  and  advocated  revaccination  on  account 


The  Ca?>iden  District  Medical  Society.  5 1 

of  an  epidemic  of  variola  and  of  varioloid  which  began  early  in 
the  year  and  continued  late  into  the  spring.  In  the  summer, 
pertussis  was  epidemic  and,  in  the  autumn,  malarial  fever 
prevailed,  which,  when  neglected,  became  complicated,  in 
many  instances,  with  colliquative  diarrhoea,  protracted  vomit- 
ing and  intestinal  hemorrhage.  Two  cases  of  yellow  fever, 
both  of  which  were  imported  from  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  occurred 
in  Camden  during  the  year.  The  following  officers  were 
elected :  President,  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor ;  vice-president,  Dr. 
Thomas  F.  Cullen  ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Dr.  John  V. 
Schenck  ;  standing  committee,  Doctors  Cullen,  Hendry  and 
Woodruff. 

[1857.]  At  the  annual  meeting  held  June  16th,  Dr.  O. 
H.  Taylor,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on  "The 
Obvious  Decline  in  the  Respect  of  the  Public  for  the  Medical 
Profession  in  New  Jersey,  with  an  Enquiry  into  Some  of  its 
Causes."  The  history  of  the  profession,  especially  in  its  legis- 
lative and  educational  aspect,  was  considered  and  the  fee-bill 
of  the  State  Society  dwelt  upon  as  being  too  small  and  un- 
wisely arranged.  As  a  result  of  this  address,  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  report  a  fee-bill  at  the  next  meeting.  Dr.  T. 
F.  Cullen  made  the  report  of  the  standing  committee  and,  in 
substance,  said: 

"The  summer  of  1856  was  hot  and  dry  ;  the  autumn,  dry  and  warm  ; 
the  winter,  unusually  cold,  the  mercury  being  lower  for  a  series  of  days  than 
it  had  been  known  for  twenty-five  years.  There  were  snow-storms  of  unpre- 
cedented violence  ;  the  river  was  frozen  so  as  to  impede  navigation  and  the 
spring  was  tardy  in  appearing.  During  the  summer,  remitting  fever  was 
general,  which,  if  neglected,  became  complicated  with  dysentery  and  a 
typhoid  condition.  In  the  winter,  erysipelas  prevailed  with  a  tendency  to 
attack  the  throat  and,  at  this  time,  puerperal  fever  was  not  uncommon." 

Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  read  a  paper  on  "  Ergot  of  Rye  "  ; 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  reported  attendance  at  the  American  Medical 
Association,  at  Nashville,  and  Doctors  N.  B.  Jennings  of 
Haddonfield,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1856,  and 
W.  G.  Thomas  of  Camden,  a  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  Medi- 
cal College,  1854,  were  elected  members. 

The  society  decided  hereafter  to  hold  its  meetings  at  the 
West  Jersey  Hotel.     The  officers  elected  for  the  year  were: 


52  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  president ;  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Doctors  C.  D.  Hendry,  B.  Hendry  and  A.  D.  Woodruff,  mem- 
bers of  the  standing  committee. 

[1858.]  The  records  of  the  society  for  this  year  could  not 
be  found.  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell  was  elected  president  and 
Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  vice-president. 

[1859.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
the  house  of  Stacy  Stockton,  Ellisburg,  June  21st.  The  presi- 
dent, Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell,  delivered  an  address  on  "  The 
Physiological  and  Therapeutical  Action  of  Belladonna"  ;  Dr. 
R.  M.  Cooper  read  the  annual  report  and  laid  before  the  society 
the  action  of  the  State  Society  in  regard  to  its  assessment,  the 
publication  of  its  Transactions  and  the  reorganization  of  the 
nominating  committee.  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  was  elected 
president  ;  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  vice-president ;  Dr.  Henry 
Ackley,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  Doctors  Snowden,  Ackley 
and  Jennings  were  elected  members  of  the  standing  committee, 
and  Dr.  Henry  Ackley,  of  Camden,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1858,  was  made  a  member  of  the  society. 

Section  IV. — The  Camden  City  Medicae  Society. 

[1855.]  Regular  meetings  of  the  society  were  held  dur- 
ing the  year  and  the  medical  history  of  each  quarter  was 
presented  by  Doctors  Schenck,  Thomas,  Taylor  and  Dean,  suc- 
cessively. Following  the  cholera  epidemic  of  the  preceding 
year,  the  health  of  the  city  was  above  the  average ;  a  condition 
observed  in  the  year  following  the  epidemic  of  cholera  in  1 849. 
This  was  not  due,  according  to  Dr.  Schenck,  to  the  tendency 
of  cholera  to  destroy  the  weak  and  those  predisposed  to  disease, 
because  the  robust  and  vigorous  were  its  victims  while  the  weak 
and  the  valetudinarians  escaped.  In  the  autumn,  dysentery- 
prevailed  as  an  epidemic.  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  reported  a  case  of 
"  Hydrophobia"  from  the  bite  of  a  cat ;  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  read 
a  paper  on  the  "Hydrant  Water  of  the  City"  and  Dr.  S.  Bird- 
sell  a  paper  on  "  Sulphuric  Acid  in  the  Treatment  of  Dysen- 
tery." Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was  elected  president;  Dr.  O.  H. 
Taylor,    vice-president ;    Dr.    J.    V.     Schenck,    secretary7   and 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  53 

treasurer,  and  Doctors  Cooper,  Cullen  and  Birdsell  were  elected 
members  of  the  standing  committee. 

[1856.]  The  society  held  regular  quarterly  meetings  and 
the  report  for  the  March  meeting  was  made  by  Dr.  I.  S.  Mul- 
ford  ;  for  June,  by  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  ;  for  September,  by  Dr.  R. 
M.  Cooper,  and  for  the  December  meeting,  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Tay- 
lor. At  the  annual  meeting,  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  elected 
president ;  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  J.  V. 
Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Similar  positions  were  held 
in  the  County  Medical  Society  by  these  officers. 

[1857.]  Only  three  meetings  of  the  society  were  held 
during  the  year.  In  September,  the  annual  address  was 
delivered  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  on  "The  Treatment  of  Scarlet 
Fever,"  and  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Sylves- 
ter Birdsell,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  As  in  the  preceding  year,  these  officers  held 
similar  positions  in  the  County  Society.  At  this  time,  the 
local  quarantine  laws  of  each  State  were  the  subject  of  inter- 
state controversy  and  an  effort  was  made  to  establish  a  uniform 
system  relating  to  the  commerce  along  the  Delaware  river. 
To  effect  this,  an  invitation  was  extended  to  the  City  Medical 
Society  by  the  Philadelphia  Board  of  Health  to  meet  the  board 
in  conference.  The  society  accepted  the  invitation  and 
appointed  Doctors  Cooper,  Bishop  and  Taylor  as  its  representa- 
tives. In  the  following  year,  the  society  was  requested  to  send 
delegates  to  the  Quarantine  Convention  at  Baltimore,  but  did 
not  comply  with  the  request. 

[1858.]  In  March,  the  society  met  at  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler's, 
who  read  the  quarterly  report ;  in  June,  at  the  residence  of  Dr. 
W.  G.  Thomas,  where  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell  read  a  paper  on  the 
hydrant  water  of  Camden  as  a  cause  of  dysentery.  This  subject 
had  engaged  the  attention  of  the  profession  for  a  long  time,  and 
since  the  epidemic  of  cholera,  in  1849,  it  had  been  regarded  as  the 
chief  cause  of  enteric  disorders.  The  issue  made  by  Dr.  Birdsell 
was  so  direct  that  a  committee,  consisting  of  Doctors  Mulford, 
Taylor  and  Cullen,  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  matter.  The 
inquiry  was  continued  through  July  and  August  and,  during 
the  latter  month,  the  committee  called  a  special  meeting  of  the 


54  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

society  and  submitted  a  report,  demanding  a  better  water- 
supply,  which  was  sent  to  the  Directors  of  the  Camden  Water 
Works  Company  and  published  in  the  Public  Ledger*  In 
September,  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell  was  elected  president  and 
Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  vice-president,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
During  the  month,  Dr.  W.  G.  Thomas  died  of  dysentery,  which 
accentuated  the  opposition  to  the  Camden  Water  Works  Com- 
pany. Appropriate  resolutions  were  adopted  and  his  funeral 
expenses  were  ordered  paid  by  the  society.  In  December, 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  entertained  the  society  and  Dr.  J.  V. 
Schenck  read  the  quarterly  report.  The  fee-bill  of  the  State 
Medical  Society  was  adopted  and  each  member  was  requested 
to  place  it  in  a  conspicuous  place  in  his  office. 

[1859.]  The  need  of  a  city  dispensary  had  long  been 
talked  of,  and  the  society  made  an  effort  during  the  year  to 
establish  one.  In  March,  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  brought  the 
subject  before  the  society,  and,  upon  his  suggestion,  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  memorialize  City  Council  to  co-operate 
with  the  society,  in  the  establishment  of  such  an  institution. 
Doctors  Taylor,  Cooper  and  Fisler  constituted  the  committee. 
Plans  for  the  organization  of  a  dispensary  were  submitted  to 
Council,  and  the  interest  of  the  physicians  and  a  number  of 
influential  citizens  secured ;  but  Council  viewed  the  sub- 
ject with  such  indifference  that  the  matter  was  indefinitely 
postponed.  The  quarterly  reports  were  read  by  Doctors  I.  S. 
Mulford  and  S.  Birdsell.  Dr.  Henry  Ackley  was  elected  a 
member,  being  the  only  physician  to  join  the  society  since 
1854.  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  was  elected  president;  Dr.  I.  S. 
Mulford,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  Henry  Ackley  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

Section  V. — Fisler's  History  of  Camden. 

[1858.]  During  the  year,  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  appeared 
before  the  public  in  a  new  capacity.  Hitherto  he  had  won  repu- 
tation as  a  physician,  politician,  public  lecturer  and  local  Metho- 

*  The  Camden  Water  Works  Company  was  chartered  April  2,1845.  The  water-works 
then  stood  upon  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Esterbrook  Steel  Pen  Works.  *  *  *  In 
1854,  new  works  were  constructed  at  Pavonia  by  the  company  which  are  now  owned  by  the 
city. — Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 


Educational,  Political  and  Naval  Interests.  55 

dist  preacher.  He  now  aspired  to  the  honors  of  literature  and,  in 
July,  published,  through  Francis  A.  Cassady,  a  "History  of 
Camden"  and  dedicated  it  "To  the  Honorable  President  and 
Members  of  the  City  Council  of  Camden."  The  history  pre- 
sents a  brief  outline  of  Camden  from  its  early  settlement  to 
1858, — the  period  of  publication.  Of  the  early  history  of  the 
city,  the  author  said : 

"  Camden,  anterior  to  the  charter  of  incorporation  (1828),  which  consti- 
tuted her  a  city,  was  a  small  and  unimportant  village  situated  in  the  county  of 
Gloucester  and  the  township  of  Newton.  It  contained,  at  that  time,  but  few 
houses  and  a  small  population.  *  *  *  What  little  importance  she  then 
possessed  was  solely  dependent  on  her  proximity  to  Philadelphia.  Camden, 
in  the  original  town  plot,  was  of  limited  dimensions.  On  the  north,  it  was 
bounded  by  the  south  side  of  Cooper  street,  extending  down  to  a  line  running 
about  midway  between  Market  and  Plum  (Arch)  streets  and  from  the  Dela- 
ware to  Sixth  street.  These  were  the  outlines  as  laid  down  in  the  original 
survey  of  the  town.  All  outside  of  these  bounds,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
old  houses,  were  either  sterile  fields  or  thick  forests  of  trees.  What  few 
dwellings  there  were,  were  mostly  along  the  margin  of  the  river  and  occupied 
by  fishermen  or  ferrymen.  About  the  year  1814,  Edward  Sharp  *  *  * 
purchased  of  Joshua  Cooper  all  the  land  lying  between  Federal  street  down 
to  Line  street.  *  *  *  It  was  the  intention  of  Mr.  Sharp  to  construct  a 
bridge  from  Camden  to  Windmill  Island,*  for  which  purpose  a  street  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide  was  laid  out,  called  Bridge  avenue,  at  the  foot 
of  which  the  bridge  was  to  start.  A  charter  for  it  was  granted,  January  26, 
1819,  by  the  Legislature,  but  the  projectors  were  unable  to  dispose  of  the 
stock  and  the  enterprise  failed." 

The  history  was  published  in  a  pamphlet  containing  sixty- 
two  pages  and  described  the  public  buildings,  the  churches, 
the  ferries,  the  press,  the  health,  water  and  fire  departments 
and  the  city  government,  over  which  Dr.  Fisler  had  presided 
as  Mayor  for  seven  terms. 

Section  VI. — Educational,  Political  and  Naval 
Interests. 

[1854.]  The  physicians  of  Camden  county  have  been 
closely  identified  with  the  management  of  the  public  schools. 
In  1809,  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry  was  a  trustee  of  the  first  public 
school  built  in  Haddonfield.  In  1842,  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford 
was  chiefly  instrumental  in  securing  an  Act  of  Legislature 
authorizing  the  inhabitants  of  townships  to  raise  money  by 

*  Windmill  Island  was  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  Delaware,  opposite  Federal  street, 
and  was  removed  by  the  U.  S. Government  in  1894. 


56  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

direct  taxation  for  public  schools  in  addition  to  trie  State 
apportionment,  which  alone  supported  public  instruction  at 
that  time.  The  Act  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  cause  of 
education.  In  1843,  a  public  school  system  was  inaugurated 
in  Camden  and  a  board  of  trustees  for  the  township  was 
organized  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  Mulford,  who  became  its 
president  in  1845.  In  1854,  the  Board  of  Education  of  the 
City  of  Camden  was  organized,  over  which  Dr.  Sylvester 
Birdsell  presided  in  1862,  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand,  in  1866, 
and  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  in  1870.  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell 
also  served  as  secretary  of  the  board  in  1858,  and  Dr.  Alex- 
ander M.  Mecray  as  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  1870. 
In  addition  to  these,  Doctors  C.  W.  Sartori,  A.  M.  Mecray, 
M.  F.  Middleton,  John  H.  Austin,  J.  D.  Leckner,  H.  H.  Davis, 
Dowling  Benjamin  and  druggists  J.  C.  De  L,a  Cour,  Stanley  C. 
Muschamp,  Richard  S.  Justice  and  George  D.  Borton  have 
served  as  members  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

[1859.]  During  this  year,  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  was 
elected  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Pharmacy  and  General 
Therapeutics  in  Penn  Medical  University  of  Philadelphia,  and 
Dr.  Iyorenzo  F.  Fisler  gained  increased  reputation  as  a  public 
instructor  from  the  delivery  of  his  lecture  on  "Queen 
Victoria." 

In  politics,  professional  interest  centered  in  the  candidacy 
of  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand,  who  was  elected  coroner  over  Dr. 
Thomas  F.  Cullen,  and  in  that  of  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  for  Mayor 
of  Camden,  who,  however,  was  defeated. 

As  the  third  representative  of  the  medical  profession  of 
Camden  to  enter  the  United  States  Navy,  Dr.  Richard  C. 
Dean  was  commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon  during  the  year. 
Dr.  Dean  has  attained,  through  promotion,  the  grade  of  medical 
director.  Dr.  Robert  M.  Smallwood,  U.  S.  N.,  died  of  phthisis 
pulmonalis  during  the  year.  Dr.  Smallwood  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1849  5  located  at  Chew's 
Landing ;  became  a  member  of  the  District  Medical  Society ; 
was  commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States 
Navy  in  1851  and  served  with  the  Mediterranean  Squadron.* 

*  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in   Camden  County,  by  John  R.Stevenson, 
A.  M.,M.  D. 


Educational,  Political  and  Naval  Interests.  57 

The  following  physicians  located  in  the  county  during 
this  period:  Dr.  Samuel  Carles,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1838,  and  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1855,  located 
in  Camden ;  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1852,  located  in  Camden  in  1856;  Dr.  Henry  E. 
Branin,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1858,  located 
at  Blackwood ;  Dr.  Elijah  B.  Woolston,  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1854,  located  at  Marlton;  Bowman  H. 
Shivers,  a  graduate  of  Penn  Medical  University  in  1858,  located 
at  Marlton  in  1858,  and  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  a  graduate  of  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College,  located  at  Haddonfield  in  1856.  In  1855, 
Dr.  Joseph  F.  Garrison  abandoned  medicine  for  theology  and 
became  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  Camden,  and  Dr. 
William  Parham,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1835,  died  at  Blackwood,  where  he  had  located  in  1846. 
Dr.  Parham  acquired  an  extensive  practice,  but  never  affiliated 
with  the  District  Medical  Society.* 

*  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County,  by  John  R.  Stevenson, 
A.  M..M.  D. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  PERIOD  FROM  i860  TO  1865. 

Section  I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[i860.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Trenton,  January  25th.  Dr.  J.  R.  Sickler,  of  Gloucester 
county,  presided,  and  Dr.  S.  Birdsell  represented  Camden 
county.  There  was  but  little  to  interest  the  profession  of 
Camden  county.  Dr.  Henry  A.  Branin,  of  Blackwood,  was 
made  a  licentiate  and  Doctors  Mulford,  Schenck,  Cooper  and 
C.  D.  Hendry  were  appointed  censors  for  the  county. 

[186 1.]  During  this  year,  the  annual  meeting  was  held 
at  Trenton,  January  27th,  with  Dr.  William  Elmer,  of  Bridge- 
ton,  in  the  chair.  Ex-president  Cooper  was  the  only  represen- 
tative from  Camden.  Because  of  the  political  excitement  of 
the  times,  there  were  but  eight  District  Societies  represented, 
which  fact  led  to  the  appointment  of  committees  to  secure 
organization  in  every  county  in  the  State.  Doctors  R.  M. 
Cooper  and  H.  Genet  Taylor,  a  licentiate  of  the  year,  were 
appointed  to  confer  with  the  profession  in  Atlantic  county, 
and  Dr.  A.  D.  Woodruff  was  appointed  on  the  Board  of 
Censors  for  Camden  county  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Cooper. 

[1862.]  On  January  25th,  the  society  met  at  New 
Brunswick  with  Doctors  Snowden,  Branin,  Woodruff  and  ' 
Cooper  as  representatives  from  the  Camden  County  Society, 
which,  at  this  time,  numbered  fourteen  members.  Delegates 
were  sent  for  the  first  time  to  sister  State  Societies,  and  Dr. 
Cooper  was  appointed  to  the  Pennsylvania  Society  and  made 
a  member  of  the  standing  committee,  and  also  of  the  Board  of 
Censors  for  Camden  in  place  of  Dr.  Woodruff. 

[1863.]     The  annual  meeting  was  held  this  year  at  Jersey 

City  with  Doctors  Taylor  and  Cooper  present  as  Fellows,  and 

Doctors    Cullen,  Jennings   and    Snowden,    as   delegates    from 

Camden.     This  was  the  first  meeting  attended  by  Dr.  Taylor 

58 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  59 

since  1854.  Doctors  Mulford,  Schenck,  Cooper  and  Cullen 
were  appointed  censors  for  Camden  county,  the  latter  taking 
the  place  of  Dr.  C.  D.  Hendry,  who  had  been  a  member  of  the 
board  since  1847.  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  was  appointed  essayist 
(the  first  appointment  of  the  kind  given  to  the  Camden 
Society)  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was  re-appointed  on  the  stand- 
ing committee  and  made  a  delegate  to  the  Massachusetts 
Medical  Society.  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy  and  I.  Gilbert 
Young  were  among  the  licentiates  of  the  year,  but  the  appli- 
cants for  this  acknowledgment  were  so  few  that  the  society 
deemed  a  continuation  of  its  censorship  over  beginning  prac- 
titioners of  medicine  useless,  since  the  medical  law  of  1854, 
and  appointed  a  committee,  of  which  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was 
made  a  member,  to  report,  at  the  next  meeting,  "upon  the 
propriety  of  a  modification  of  the  charter  of  the  society  upon 
a  new  basis  of  organization." 

[1864.]  For  the  second  time  in  its  history,  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey  met  in  Camden,  the  first  occurring  in 
1849.  The  society  convened  in  Odd  Fellows  Hall,  January 
26th,  in  accordance  with  the  arrangements  effected  by  a  joint 
committee  from  the  County  and  City  Medical  Societies.  The 
expenses  of  the  meeting  were  paid  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper.  Dr. 
Thomas  F.  Cullen,  essayist,  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Influence  of 
the  War  upon  the  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,"  in 
which  the  collection  and  preservation  of  medical  and  surgical 
observations  by  the  surgeons  of  New  Jersey  regiments  ;  the 
enactment  of  laws  securing  the  rights  of  patients  in  military 
hospitals;  the  improvement  of  the  ambulance  service  and  the 
adoption  of  international  laws,  rendering  the  medical  staff  of 
the  army  non-combatants,  were  advocated.  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  presented  a  paper  on  "  Vital  Statistics,"  collated 
from  an  examination  of  applicants  for  exemption  from  the 
draft  in  the  First  Congressional  District  of  the  State.'  Between 
November  23,  1863,  and  January  5,  1864,  Dr.  Stevenson 
examined  for  physical  disability  six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
men,  of  whom  three  hundred  and  thirty  were  found  unfit  for 
military  duty.  The  average  age  of  the  applicants  was  stated  to  be 
29.02  years  ;  height,  5  feet  7.09  inches  ;  weight,  133.03  pounds, 


60  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  the  diseases  and  infirmities  for  which  exemption  was 
granted  were  fifty-nine,  of  which  hernia  stood  first,  consump- 
tion of  the  lungs,  second,  and  injuries  to  the  joints,  third.  Dr.. 
Stevenson  was  made  a  licentiate  of  the  society  and  appointed 
essayist  for  the  ensuing  year.  Doctors  Mulford,  Cullen,, 
Schenck  and  Cooper  were  re-appointed  censors.  The  com- 
mittee on  reorganization  of  the  society  presented  a  form  of 
enactment  which  they  recommended  for  presentation  to  the 
Legislature,  and  the  president  was  requested  to  petition  the 
Legislature,  on  behalf  of  the  society,  for  the  passage  of  the 
same.  The  petition  for  reorganization  of  the  society  was 
presented  to  the  Legislature  without  delay  and  expressed  the 
desire  of  the  society  "  to  surrender  all  its  special  privileges 
and  pecuniary  immunities "  and  "to  reorganize  as  nearly  as- 
possible  on  a  voluntary  basis."  The  Act  of  reorganization 
was  approved  March  14th.  The  Act  defined  how  the  society 
should  be  constituted, — its  delegates,  officers  and  Fellows  ;  gave 
authority  to  confer  the  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine  and  pro- 
vided that  no  one  shall  be  admitted  to  membership  in  any 
District  Society  having  connection  with  the  State  Medical 
Society,  unless  he  shall  have  received  said  degree  or  been 
admitted  ad  cardem  from  some  medical  authorities  recognized 
by  the  society  ;  neither  should  any  County  or  District  Society 
admit  any  one  to  membership  unless  a  graduate  of  a  medical 
school  or  college  in  affiliation  with  the  American  Medical 
Association.  The  incorporation  Act  of  1830  and  all  supple- 
ments thereto  were  repealed. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 
[i860.]  Regular  meetings  of  the  society  were  held  dur- 
ing the  year,  without  special  progress  in  medical  matters.  In 
March,  the  society  met  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  ; 
in  June,  at  Dr.  S.  Birdsell's,  when  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  i860,  was  elected 
a  member;  in  September,  Dr.  Henry  Ackley  was  elected  presi- 
dent and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  vice-president,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and,  in  December,  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  entertained  the 
society  and  read  the  report  for  the  quarter. 


The  Camden   City  Medical  Society.  61 

[1861.]  During  the  year,  medical  interests  were  second- 
ary to  political,  and  little  progress  was  made  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  society.  In  March,  there  was  an  attendance  of 
seven  members  to  hear  the  quarterly  report  of  Dr.  T.  F.  Cul- 
len ;  in  June,  an  attendance  of  but  five  members  with  no  re- 
port ;  in  September,  Dr.  Henry  Ackley  delivered  the  annual 
address,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  read  the  quarterly  report 
before  four  members.  Dr.  Taylor  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  T.  F. 
Cullen,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. In  December,  Dr.  Cooper  presided  in  the  absence  of  the 
president,  who  had  entered  the  United  States  Volunteer  service 
as  an  assistant  surgeon,  and  Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford  read  a  report  on 
small-pox,  which  prevailed  in  Camden  during  October,  Novem- 
ber and  December. 

[1862.]  Medical  affairs  were  of  still  less  interest  this  year 
in  the  presence  of  the  great  political  and  military  matters  that 
engaged  the  attention  of  the  country.  Regular  meetings  were 
held,  except  in  September,  but  there  were  no  quarterly  reports 
made  nor  were  there  any  officers  elected. 

[1863.]  During  the  present  year,  an  increased  interest  in 
medical  matters  was  effected  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  Cul- 
len, who  secured  the  adoption  of  a  resolution,  at  the  March 
meeting,  requesting  each  member  "  to  make  a  clear  and  suc- 
cinct account  of  at  least  one  case  occurring  in  his  practice  in 
which  any  peculiarity  in  character  or  treatment  is  noticed." 
This  request  met  with  favorable  acceptance  and,  at  the  June 
meeting,  Dr.  Cullen  read  the  quarterly  report ;  Dr.  O.  H.  Tay- 
lor reported  two  cases  of  puerperal  fever  and  Dr.  Schenck  a 
case  of  purpura  hemorrhagica.  In  September,  the  sanitary 
condition  of  Camden,  which  had  excited  considerable  comment 
during  the  summer,  was  discussed,  especially  the  water-supply 
of  the  city,  on  account  of  the  appearance  of  a  peculiar  form 
of  diarrhoea  presenting  some  of  the  symptoms  of  Asiatic 
cholera.  The  disease  was  especially  prevalent  in  Kensington, 
and  obtained  the  soubriquet,  therefore,  of  "  Kensington  Diar- 
rhoea." Only  those  who  drank  the  water  supplied  by  the 
Kensington  Water  Works  were  affected  by  it  and,  as  many  of 
the  residents  of  Camden  were  employed   in   Kensington,  the 


62  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Coimty. 

disease  made  its  appearance  in  Camden  and  drew  attention  to 
the  source  of  supply  of  the  Camden  Water  Works  Company, 
which  had  already  incurred  public  displeasure.  This  found  its 
highest  expression  in  the  action  of  the  society  in  1858.  Fur- 
ther action  was  now  deemed  necessary  and  a  public  meeting 
was  held  on  September  nth,  at  which  Dr.  Reynell  Coates 
presided,  and  the  Camden  Water  Works  Company  was  again 
denounced  and  City  Council  was  urged  to  declare  the  company 
a  nuisance.  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  and  others  addressed  the 
meeting.*  In  December,  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  read  the  quarterly 
report ;  Dr.  Schenck  reported  a  case  of  "  Suppression  of  the 
Urine";  Dr.  Stevenson  presented  a  paper  on  "Facts  Elicited 
During  Examination  of  Applicants  for  Exemption  from  the 
Draft"  ;  Doctors  Fisler,  Schenck  and  Stevenson  were  appointed 
to  arrange  for  the  meeting  of  the  State  Medical  Society  in  the 
ensuing  January,  and  to  tender  the  hospitality  of  the  city ;  Dr. 
Cooper  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  American  Medical 
Association,  whose  sessions  were  suspended  during  1861  and 
1862,  on  account  of  the  Civil  War;  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was  ap- 
pointed a  delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society, 
and  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1859,  at 
Amherst  College,  and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1 86 1,  and  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  an  A.  B.  of  the  Phila- 
delphia High  School  in  1850,  A.  M.  in  1853,  and  M-  D-  of  tne 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  during  the  year,  located  in  Camden, 
and  became  members  of  the  society.  The  names  of  the 
officers  elected  are  not  recorded. 

[1864.]  Concerted  effort  was  made  this  year,  through  Dr. 
T.  F.  Cullen,  to  increase  the  fee  for  each  visit  to  one  dollar 
within  city  limits,  and  a  notice  to  that  effect  was  published  in 
two  of  the  city  papers,  with  the  names  of  all  of  the  members 
of  the  society  appended.  The  minimum  obstetrical  fee  was 
fixed,  through  a  motion  of  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  at  six  dollars. 
Reports  were  made  by  Doctors  Mulford,  Cooper,  Fisler, 
Schenck,  Cullen,  Dean,  Stevenson  and  Marcy  on  "Spotted 
Fever,"  which  prevailed  at  this  time,  all  agreeing  that  free 
stimulation  gave  the  only  chance  of  success.     A  vote  of  thanks 

*  Camden  Democrat,  September,  1863. 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  63 

was  extended  to  Dr.  Cooper  for  entertaining  the  State  Society 
in  Camden,  in  January.  In  June,  Dr.  J.  R.  Stevenson  read  the 
quarterly  report  and,  on  the  7th  inst,  Dr.  R.  C.  Dean  repre- 
sented the  society  at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  in  New  York.  This  was  the  second  meeting  of 
the  association  since  the  Civil  War,  and  its  popularity  was 
attested  by  the  presence  of  four  hundred  and  sixty-five  dele- 
gates, representing  sixteen  States.  At  this  meeting,  Dr.  William 
B.  Atkinson  was  elected  permanent  secretary,  a  position  since 
held  continuously  by  him.  In  September,  no  meeting  took 
place  and  the  officers  held  over.  In  December,  Dr.  O.  H. 
Taylor  entertained  the  society  and  made  the  quarterly  report, 
including  a  case  of  "  Lumbar  Abscess."  Small-pox,  which  was 
epidemic  during  the  year,  was  also  considered. 

Section  III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 

[i860.]  On  June  19th,  the  society  met  at  the  West 
Jersey  Hotel  with  an  attendance  of  thirteen  members.  Dr. 
John  V.  Schenck,  the  president,  delivered  the  annual  address, 
on  "Nature  and  Art  in  the  Care  of  Disease"  ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snow- 
den  read  the  annual  report;  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor  and 
Henry  E.  Branin  were  elected  to  membership ;  Dr.  Bowman 
Hendry  was  chosen  president;  Dr.  Henry  Ackley,  vice-presi- 
dent, and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

[1861.]     On  June    18th,    the  annual   meeting  was  held 

with  an  attendance  of  ten  members.     The  political  excitement 

of  the  times  did  not  escape  the  profession,  as  appears  in  the 

following  graphic  and  satirical  report  of  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen, 

chairman  of  the  standing  committee : 

"  How  little,  when  we  last  met,  did  any  of  us  realize  the  terrible  import 
of  the  events  that  have  occurred  in  the  United  States  in  one  short  year  ! 
We  could  not  then  realize  that  for  twenty  years,  political  villains  had  been 
steadily  working  to  produce  a  disintegration  of  this  Union,  and  that  a  miser- 
able faction  would  dare  to  raise  an  arm  against  the  Federal  Government,  to 
fire  upon  its  flag  and  murder  its  defenders.  Can  such  things  be  and  over- 
come us  like  a  summer  cloud  without  a  special  warning  ?  With  the  circum- 
stances concerning  the  first  appearance  and  growth  of  this  secession, 
epidemic  fever,  you  are  all  well  acquainted,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the 
first  cases  were  not  treated  heroically  and  prompt  sanitary  measures  adopted 
to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  contagion.     The  expectant  plan   of  treatment 


64  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

was  adopted,  placebos  used,  emollients,  demulcents  and  the  like  were  tried, 
but  without  avail.  Under  this  plan,  all  the  symptoms  became  more  violent 
and  the  contagion  more  widely  spread.  A  change  in  the  mode  of  treatment 
was  resolved  on  and  so  far  with  benefit.  The  nitrate  of  potash,  combined 
with  sulphur  and  charcoal,  in  conjunction  with  iron  and  lead,  has  been 
found  very  serviceable,  and  large  tracts  of  country  have  been  almost  entirely 
relieved  of  the  epidemic  influence  by  its  judicious  use.  In  fact,  so  favorable 
has  been  the  result  of  this  treatment,  that  many  good  judges  believe  that  the 
early  administration  of  these  remedies  in  large  doses  would  have  instantly 
checked  the  disease.  Steel,  in  various  forms,  has  been  found  an  excellent 
adjuvant.  (Similia  similibus  curantur.)  For  to  steal  seems  to  be  a  very 
prominent  symptom  in  the  disease.  Do  not,  Mr.  President  and  gentlemen, 
doubt  the  orthodoxy  of  your  committee  for  having  taken  a  liberty  with  the 
homoeopathic  creed.  If  the  above  remedies  fail,  or  should  not  give  the 
satisfaction  deserved,  hemp  (cannabis  sativa)  prepared  in  a  peculiar  form  and 
applied  to  the  neck,  it  is  asserted,  will  be  of  infinite  benefit  in  the  worst 
cases.  So  potent  is  this  medicine  that  even  the  knowledge  to  the  patients 
that  its  exhibition  was  intended  has  had  the  most  salutary  effect  in  not  only 
improving  their  constitution,  but  in  making  them  approve  our  Consti- 
tution. " 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  Dr.  N.  B. 
Jennings;  vice-president,  Dr.  H.  E.  Branin;  secretary  and 
treasurer,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  standing  committee,  Doctors 
Schenck,  Woodruff  and  Branin. 

[1862.]  On  June  14th,  the  annual  meeting  was  held 
with  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings  in  the  chair,  who  delivered  the  annual 
address,  on  "Obstetrics."  Dr.  O.  H.Taylor  read  the  annual 
report  and  said  that  miasmatic  diseases  which  were  met  with 
every  spring  and  autumn  were  becoming  less  frequent  owing 
to  the  cultivation  of  the  land  and  improved  drainage  within 
the  city  of  Camden.  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin,  of  Blackwood, 
was  chosen  president ;  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  John  V.  Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Dr.  T.  F. 
Cullen,  reporter,  and  Doctors  Woodruff,  Taylor  and  Schenck 
were  elected  members  of  the  standing  committee. 

[1863.]  On  June  1 6th,  the  society  met  at  the  West 
Jersey  Hotel.  No  report  was  made  from  the  standing  com- 
mittee. Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  submitted  a  report  of  the  epidemic  of 
small-pox  which  prevailed  in  Camden  in  1861  and  1862  and  said 
that  "small-pox  prevailed  in  Camden  in  October,  November 
and  December  of  186 1,  until  the  middle  of  the  spring  of  1862. 
It  was  first  observed  among  the  colored   residents  of  South 


Political  Interests.  65 

Camden,  but  before  its  termination  there  were  few  blocks  in 
the  city  exempt  from  it.  There  were  no  municipal  laws  gov- 
erning vaccination,  and  there  had  been  but  one  lame  effort 
within  the  preceding  fifteen  years  to  procure  anything  like  a 
general  vaccination."  Dr.  Branin  delivered  the  annual  address 
on  "Sickness  at  the  Almshouse."  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  of 
Camden,  and  Dr.  I.  Gilbert  Young,  of  Haddonfield,  the  latter 
an  A.  B.  of  the  Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia  and  an 
M.  D.  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  were  elected  members. 
Dr.  I.  Gilbert  Young  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Steven- 
son, vice-president ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  secretary  and  treasurer, 
and  Doctors  Taylor,  Woodruff  and  Snowden  were  made  the 
standing  committee.  Dr.  Cooper  was  made  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  arrange  for  the  meeting  of  the  State  Medical 
Society  in  January  of  the  ensuing  year. 

[1864.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  this 
year  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel  and,  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  O.  H. 
Taylor,  Dr.  Schenck  read  the  report  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee and  said :  "  About  midsummer,  the  community 
became  involved  in  one  of  the  most  general  epidemics  of  inter- 
mittent fever  experienced  for  years,  the  type  of  which  was 
quotidian,  and  its  character  asthenic  and  attended  with  painful 
vomiting  and  diarrhoea.  Congestion  of  the  brain  was  of  fre- 
quent occurrence,  and  often  a  fatal  complication  in  children." 
The  subject  of  "spotted  fever,"  prevailing  at  Blackwood,  was 
also  considered.  Dr.  I.  Gilbert  Young  delivered  the  annual 
address  and  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  was  elected  a  member.  The 
following  officers  were  elected :  President,  Dr.  John  R.  Steven- 
son ;  vice-president,  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy ;  secretary  and 
treasurer,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  standing  committee,  Doctors 
O.  H.  Taylor,  Branin  and  Jennings. 

Section  IV. — Political  Interests. 
[i860.]  The  causes  that  led  to  the  breach  between  the 
people  of  the  North  and  the  South  strongly  influenced  the 
physicians  of  Camden  county.  The  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
controversy,  the  Dred  Scott  decision  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  and  the  raid    of  John  Brown    made   slavery- 

5 


66  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

paramount  to  all  other  issues.     Before  its  influence,  the  Native- 
American,  the  Whig  and  the  Free-Soil  parties  were  buried  in 
oblivion,  the  Democratic  party  split  into    three  factions  and 
all  anti-slavery  sentiment  solidified  into  the  new  Republican 
party.     The  nineteenth  presidential  election  was  one  of  intense 
excitement.     There  were  four  candidates  for  President  of  the 
United  States,  representing  the  four  political  parties.     In  this 
conflict  of  political  elements,  Doctors  Mulford,  O.  H.  Taylor, 
Ridge,  Coates,  Fisler,  Cullen,  Marcy,  Carles,  Andrews,  Birdsell 
and  R.  G.  Taylor  took  prominent  parts.     In   February,  Di\ 
Reynell  Coates,  the  leader  of  the  Native- American  party,  united 
with  the  Whigs  in  calling  a  convention  to  meet  at  Trenton 
for  the  organization  of  a  Constitutional  Union  party  in  the 
State  and  the  election  of  delegates  to  the  Constitutional  Union 
Convention,  which,  on  May  9th,  nominated  Bell  and  Everett.* 
With  equal  earnestness,  the  Northern  and  Southern  wings  of 
the    Democratic    party  were   supported  by  the  leading  prac- 
titioners of  the  country.     The  climax  of  political  excitement 
and  enthusiasm  was  reached  on  May  18th,  when  the  Repub- 
lican party  nominated  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  and  adopted  a  plat- 
form opposed    to    the    extension  of  slavery.     On    September 
15th,  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell,  who,  with  Benjamin   F.   Braker 
and  Henry  L.  Bonsall,  was  a  pioneer  Republican  of  Camden, 
presided  at  the  Republican  County  Convention  at  Haddonfield, 
which  ratified  the  nomination  of  Lincoln  and    Hamlin  and 
placed    in    nomination    candidates    for    county  offices.     The 
national  contest  resulted  in  the  election  of  Lincoln  and  Hamlin, 
which  was  regarded  by  the  leaders  of  the  South  as  a  just  cause 
for  the  dissolution  of  the  Union.       As  the  sentiment  of  dis- 
union increased,  the  people  of  New  Jersey,  irrespective  of  party, 
assembled  at  Trenton,  on  December  nth,  for  the  purpose  of 
entering  their  protest  against  dismemberment  of  the  Union. 
And  when,  on  December  20th,  the  act  of  secession  was  con- 
summated by  South  Carolina,  the  physicians  of  Camden  county 
loyally  supported  the  National  government  and    contributed 
officers  to  both  the  army  and  navy  for  the  conflict  inaugurated 
during  the  ensuing  year. 

*  Camden  Democrat. 


The  Civil  War.  67 

[186 1.]  The  agitation  originating  in  the  slavery  question 
had  now  reached  a  climax.  Following  the  example  of  South 
Carolina,  six  other  States  passed  ordinances  of  secession  and 
withdrew  from  the  Union  and,  on  February  4th,  united  to 
form  a  new  government  under  the  name  of  the  Confederate 
States  of  America.  On  April  12th,  hostilities  began  between 
the  United  States  and  Confederate  Governments  at  Fort  Sumter 
and,  on  April  15th,  President  Lincoln  issued  a  call  for  troops 
to  overthrow  the  secession  movement.  On  April  16th,  the 
first  war  meeting  was  held  in  Camden  and  a  patriotic  address 
was  issued  in  response  to  the  President's  proclamation,  signed 
by  one  hundred  and  sixteen  prominent  citizens,  led  by  Dr. 
Isaac  S.  Mulford.*  In  reply  to  this  address,  an  enthusiastic 
meeting  was  held  at  the  Court  House  on  the  18th,  at  which 
Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  was  chosen  secretary,  and  speeches 
were  made  by  Samuel  H.  Grey,  David  M.  Chambers  and 
others,  advocating  the  raising  of  troops,  money  and  arms. 

Section  V. — The  Civil  War. 

A.       THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

[186 1.]  The  attack  on  Fort  Sumter  by  the  Confederates,. 
April  1 2th,  aroused  the  North  with  a  unanimity  of  purpose  to 
vindicate  the  majesty  of  insulted  law.  An  immediate  call  for 
troops  was  made  by  the  United  States  Government  to  serve  for 
three  months. f  On  the  15th,  a  requisition  for  four  regiments 
of  infantry  was  made  upon  New  Jersey,  and,  on  the  17th,  Gov- 
ernor Olden  issued  a  proclamation  sustaining  the  Government 
and  ordering  the  militia  to  report  for  duty  within  twenty  days. 
The  active-  militia  at  this  time  consisted  of  four  divisions,  each 
under  the  command  of  a  major-general,  and  was,  therefore, 
without  organic  unity.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  requisition 
of  the  President  was  honored  without  delay  and,  on  the  27th, 
the  organization  of  a  brigade  of  four  regiments,  known  as  the 
New  Jersey  Brigade,  was  effected  and  General  Theodore 
Runyon    was   placed   in    command.     On    May    6th,    General 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 

t  New  Jersey  and  the  Rebellion,  by  John  Y.  Foster. 


68  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cotcnty. 

Runyon  reported  for  duty,  with  the  brigade,  to  General 
Winfield  Scott,  at  Washington.  The  presence  of  the  brigade 
gave  decided  support  and  encouragement  to  the  Government, 
since  these  were  the  first  fully  equipped  regiments  to  arrive  at 
Washington.  General  Scott  began  at  once  the  organization  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which,  on  May  24th,  entered 
Virginia.  On  the  27th,  General  McDowell  took  command 
and,  on  June  21st,  engaged  the  Confederates  at  Bull  Run  and 
sustained  a  disastrous  defeat.  The  New  Jersey  Brigade  was 
not  engaged  in  the  battle,  being  held  as  a  reserve.  The 
brigade  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  on  July  24-25,  having 
served  three  months.  The  Fourth  Regiment  was  largely  made 
up  of  Camden  companies  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Matthew  Miller,  on  whose  staff  Dr.  Elijah  B.  Woolston,  of 
Marlton,  formerly  a  division  surgeon  in  the  State  militia, 
served    as    surgeon. 

Following  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  General  Scott  retired 
from  the  army  on  account  of  advanced  age  and  General  George 
B.  McClellan  was  placed  in  command.  Previously  to  this, 
however,  the  secession  movement  had  assumed  such  propor- 
tions that  the  Government,  on  May  3d,  called  for  additional 
troops  to  serve  for  three  years,  or  during  the  war.  On  May 
17th,  a  requisition  for  three  regiments  was  made  on  New 
Jersey  and  Governor  Olden  began  the  organization  of  another 
brigade,  known  as  the  First  Brigade,  New  Jersey  Volunteers, 
and  composed  of  the  First,  Second  and  Third  Regiments,  which 
reported  at  Washington  on  June  29th.  An  effort  was  made 
to  organize  the  Second  Regiment  in  Camden  by  Colonel 
Thomas  McKeen,  who  appointed  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  as 
surgeon,  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Garrison  as  chaplain  and  Benjamin 
F.  Archer  as  quarter-master ;  but  on  account  of  there  being  a 
greater  number  of  organized  companies  in  North  Jersey,  wait- 
ing to  be  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  State,  the  regiment 
was  organized  at  Newark  instead  of  at  Camden.  No  surgeons 
from  Camden  county  served  in  these  regiments. 

In  July,  a  requisition  was  made  on  the  State  for  five 
additional  regiments,  and  the  Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh 
and  Eighth  Regiments  were  promptly  organized.     The  Fourth 


The  Civil  War.  69 

Regiment,  under  command  of  Colonel  J.  H.  Simpson,  was 
assigned  to  the  First  Brigade,  under  General  Phil.  Kearney, 
and  the  remaining  regiments  were  organized  into  the  Second 
Brigade,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Samuel  H.  Starr. 
In  addition  to  the  First  and  Second  Brigades,  New  Jersey 
furnished  the  Government,  during  the  Civil  .  War,  with 
twenty-nine  regiments  of  infantry,  three  regiments  of  cavalry 
and  five  batteries  of  artillery.*  Of  these,  Camden  county 
furnished  surgeons  for  the  Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Eighth  and 
Twenty-fourth  Regiments. 

The  profession  of  Camden  was  not  without  representatives 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  regular  army.  On  May  28th, 
following  the  second  call  for  troops  by  the  Government,  Dr. 
Peter  V.  Schenck,  of  Camden,  was  commissioned,  by  President 
Lincoln,  an  assistant  surgeon  of  the  United  States  Army,  with 
the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  During  the  war,  Lieutenant 
Schenck  served  with  distinction  and  was  brevetted  captain  and 
also  major  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services.  He  resigned 
January  1,  1867,  after  the  close  of  the  civil  conflict.  The  close 
relationship  existing  between  the  surgeons  of  the  volunteer 
forces  and  those  of  the  regular  army  renders  a  brief  review  of 
the  development  of  the  medical  department  of  the  regular 
army  necessary.  At  the  beginning  of  hostilities,  the  medical, 
like  other  departments  of  the  regular  army,  was  unprepared  for 
so  great  a  conflict.  At  this  time,  the  department  was  com- 
posed of  one  surgeon-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  thirty 
surgeons  each  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  eighty-four  assistant 
surgeons  ranking  as  first  lieutenants,  with  the  rank  of  captain 
after  five  years'  service.  None  of  these  were  attached  to  any 
command,  but  belonged  to  the  general  staff  and  were  subject 
to  duty  wherever  their  services  were  needed,  f  The  surgeons 
of  the  volunteer  forces  were  commissioned  in  some  of  the 
States  without  a  professional  examination  and,  after  the  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  confusion  reigned  supreme  in  the  care  of  the 
wounded.  But  the  needs  of  the  hour  were  met  and  speedily 
remedied  by  many  of  the  most  distinguished  surgeons  of  the 

*New  Jersey  and  the  Rebellion,  by  John  Y.  Foster. 

t  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 


"]o  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

North  hastening  with  younger  practitioners  to  Washington 
and  offering  temporarily  their  professional  services.  In  response 
to  an  invitation  from  Surgeon-General  Henry  F.  Smith,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  reported  for  duty  at  Wash- 
ington on  July  2  2d,  the  day  following  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  and  remained  for  three  days  caring  for  the  wounded, 
by  which  time  the  regular  and  volunteer  surgeons  were 
enabled  to  accomplish  the  work.  The  attention  of  the  Govern- 
ment was  directed  to  the  necessity  of  a  better  and  more 
extended  system  in  the  medical  department,  and  in  the  call  for 
troops,  immediately  following  the  battle,  Congress  authorized 
the  appointment  of  brigade  surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  major, 
eligible  to  all  the  duties  and  prerogatives  pertaining  to  medical 
officers  of  the  army,  whether  as  directors  in  the  field,  or  as  chiefs 
in  the  hospitals.  This  led  the  best  class  of  physicians  to  enter 
the  army  and,  in  connection  with  the  institution  of  examina- 
tions in  the  States,  prevented  the  further  commissioning  of 
irregular  and  incompetent  physicians  in  the  volunteer  forces. 
In  April,  1862,  the  medical  department  of  the  army  was 
reorganized  by  Act  of  Congress  and  its  efficiency  greatly 
increased.  The  rank  of  brigadier-general  was  conferred  upon 
the  surgeon-general  and  provision  was  made  for  an  assistant 
surgeon-general  and  a  medical  inspector-general,  with  the  rank 
and  pay  of  a  colonel  of  cavalry ;  for  eight  medical  inspectors, 
with  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry,  and  for 
medical  purveyors  and  cadets.  In  August,  1862,  an  ambulance 
corps  was  organized,  but  a  uniform  system  of  ambulance  service 
was  not  established  until  March,  1864,  when  an  Act  of  Con- 
gress placed  the  corps  under  the  authority  of  the  .  medical 
department.  Not  until  near  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  was  the 
autonomy  of  the  medical  department  secured.  Thus,  through 
regularly  ascending  gradations,  the  medical  department  of 
the  army,  by  its  inherent  fitness  and  the  influence  of  the  pro- 
fession at  large,  received  such  recognition  from  the  President 
and  Congress  as  enabled  it  to  control  its  operations  and  carry 
them  to  a  height  of  sanitary  and  scientific  usefulness  never 
before  known  in  any  war.  The  system  won  the  unqualified 
admiration  of  European  nations,  and  was  adopted  by  many  of 


The  Civil   War.  71 

them.  Since  the  war,  the  department  has  passed  through  a 
number  of  changes.  It  is  now  independent  of  other  depart- 
ments in  its  operations ;  its  members  are  eligible  to  the  rank, 
pay  and  emoluments  of  all  grades  in  the  army  to  brigadier- 
general,  and  its  hospital  and  ambulance  corps  is  established 
upon  the  same  military  footing  as  companies  of  infantry. 

Returning  to  the  consideration  of  the  New  Jersey  regi- 
ments and  the  Camden  surgeons  serving  with  them,  the 
Eighth  Regiment  of  the  Second  Brigade  at  this  time  alone 
engages  attention.  The  Eighth  Regiment  was  raised  under 
the  requisition  of  President  Lincoln,  July  24th,  and  was 
originally  the  Second  Regiment  of  the  New  Jersey  Brigade  in 
the  three  months'  service.  When  the  Second  Regiment  was 
mustered  out  in  July,  it  was  offered  to  the  Government  for 
three  years  by  Chaplain  St.  John  Chambre,  provided  it  could 
remain  intact.*  The  offer  was  accepted  by  President  Lincoln 
and,  with  the  consent  of  Governor  Olden,  the  regiment  was 
reorganized  by  Colonel  A.  J.  Johnson,  of  Newark,  under  the 
name  of  the  Eighth  Regiment,  with  a  large  percentage  of  the 
old  officers,  except  the  medical,  to  which  latter  positions  Gover- 
nor Olden  commissioned,  on  September  14th,  Dr.  Alexander  J. 
McKelway,  of  Blackwood,  as  major  and  surgeon,  and  Dr.  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  of  Camden,  as  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  sur- 
geon. The  regiment,  together  with  the  Fifth,  Sixth  and 
Seventh,  reported,  under  Colonel  S.  H.  Starr,  the  senior  officer, 
to  General  Hooker,  at  Budd's  Ferry,  near  Washington,  and  was 
there  brigaded  as  the  Third  Brigade,  Hooker's  Division,  Third 
Corps,  t 

[1862.]  The  military  operations  this  year,  between  the 
Federal  and  Confederate  forces,  were  conducted  on  a  most 
extensive  scale.  The  New  Jersey  troops  rendered  signal  service 
in  the  campaigns  of  McClellan,  Pope  and  Burnside.  On 
March  10th,  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  after  thorough  re- 
organization, set  forth  under  General  McClellan  to  capture 
Richmond,  whereupon  the  Confederate  army  retired  beyond 
the  Rappahannock  river,  when  McClellan  changed  his  plans 

*MS.  Notes  (if  A.  St.  John  Chambre,  Chaplain,  Eighth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V. 
t  New  Jerse}-  and  the  Rebellion,  by  John  Y.  Foster. 


72  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  moved  his  army  to  the  peninsula  between  the  James  and 
York  rivers  as  the  best  route  to  the  Confederate  capital.  This 
transfer  of  the  army  was  made  early  in  April,  and  included 
both  the  First  and  Second  Brigades,  New  Jersey  Volunteers. 
In  the  Fourth  Regiment,  First  Brigade,  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry, 
3d,  of  Haddonfield,  served  as  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  sur- 
geon, having  been  commissioned  February  3d,  and,  in  the 
Eighth  Regiment,  Second  Brigade,  Dr.  Alexander  J.  McKel- 
way  served  as  surgeon  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  as  assistant 
surgeon,  both  having  been  commissioned  on  September  14, 
1 86 1.  When  Hooker's  Division,  of  which  the  Second  Brigade 
formed  a  part,  left  Budd's  Ferry  to  join  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  Lieutenant  Taylor  was  detailed  with  other  surgeons 
for  duty  at  the  division  hospital.  But  the  detail  being  unsatis- 
factory, he  made  application  to  Colonel  Johnson  to  march  with 
the  regiment,  and  Surgeon-Major  Alexander  McKelway  was 
assigned  to  the  hospital,  and,  consequently,  in  the  Peninsular 
campaign,  Lieutenant  Taylor  was  the  only  medical  officer 
with  the  Eighth  Regiment.  On  June  1st,  Dr.  O.  S.  Belden,  of 
Camden,  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Regiment,  Second  Brigade, 
under  Colonel  S.  H.  Starr,  as  first  lieutenant  and  assistant 
surgeon.  These  were  the  only  medical  officers  from  Camden 
county  who  served  with  the  New  Jersey  troops  in  the  Penin- 
sular campaign.  This  campaign  was  waged  with  a  severity 
hitherto  unknown  on  this  continent.  The  transfer  of  the 
army  was  made  early  in  April.  On  May  4th,  Yorktown 
was  captured  and  followed  by  the  battles  of  Williamsburg,* 
West  Point,  Bottom's  Bridge,  Fair  Oaks,  Oak  Grove,  Mechanics- 
ville,  Gaines'  Mill,  Savidge  Station,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Glen- 
dale  and  Malvern  Hill.  In  these  battles,  the  surgeons  from 
Camden  county  participated  with  their  regiments  in  some  of 
the  most  desperate  engagements  of  the  war,  including  seven 
days  of  continuous  battle.  Although,  at  one  time,  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  was  within  seven  miles  of  Richmond,  General 

*In  speaking  of  Assistant-Surgeon  H.  Genet  Taylor,  at  the  Battle  of  Williamsburg,  a 
correspondent  of  the  Newark  Mercury,  on  May  16,  1862,  said  :  "  Dr.  H.  G.  Taylor  has  done 
and  does  all  that  mortal  man  can  do  for  the  sick  and  suffering.  He  is  one  of  the  noblest 
men  it  has  ever  been  my  fortune  to  meet  and  has  cheerfully  worked  to  prostration  day  and 
night  during  the  trials  of  our  brave  regiment." 


The  Civil  War.  73 

McClellan  failed  to  capture  the  city  and,  in  July,  was  ordered 
by  the  President  to  transfer  his  army  to  Alexandria. 

During  the  occupancy  of  the  peninsula  between  the  York 
and  the  James  rivers  by  McClellan's  army,  the  territory  between 
Washington  and  the  Rappahannock  river  was  guarded  by  the 
Army  of  Virginia  under  command  of  General  John  Pope. 
Following  the  withdrawal  of  General  McClellan's  command 
from  the  peninsula,  General  Lee  with  his  Confederate  forces 
attacked  General  Pope  and  won  a  series  of  victories  during 
August  at  Bristow  Station,  Bull  Run  and  Chantilly,  which 
resulted  in  General  Pope's  withdrawing  his  forces  within 
intrenchments  in  the  vicinity  of  Alexandria.  In  these  engage- 
ments, Lieutenant  Bowman  Hendry,  3d,  Fourth  Regiment  \ 
Lieutenant  O.  S.  Belden,  Fifth  Regiment;  Lieutenant  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  Eighth  Regiment,  and  Lieutenant  Bowman 
Hendry,  2d,  commissioned  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, August  8th,  participated.  After  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor,  with  other  assistant 
surgeons,  volunteered  to  go  through  the  Confederate  lines 
to  attend  the  wounded.  An  escort  of  cavalry,  with  a  flag 
of  truce,  ambulances  and  supplies,  was  provided ;  the  enemy's 
lines  were  entered,  but,  before  the  necessary  relief  could  be 
given,  General  Pope  retreated,  leaving  the  surgeons  in  the 
hands  of  the  Confederates.  After  ten  days,  they  were  paroled 
and  secured  the  transportation  of  their  wounded  to  Washing- 
ton. In  the  report  of  these  engagements,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
George  C.  Burling,  commanding  the  Sixth  Regiment,  said  : 
"It  gives  me  pleasure  to  speak  of  the  indefatigable  exertions 
of  Surgeon  John  Wiley  and  his  able  assistant,  B.  Hendry,  for 
their  care  and  attention  to  the  wounded."*  The  defeat  of 
General  Pope  led  to  the  consolidation  of  the  Armies  of  Virginia 
and  of  the  Potomac,  and  General  McClellan  was  placed  in 
supreme  command.  This,  however,  did  not  check  the  designs 
of  General  Lee,  who,  on  September  6th,  invaded  Maryland 
and,  on  the  17th,  the  battle  of  Antietam,  one  of  the  great 
battles  of  the  war,  was  fought.  The  troops  with  which  the 
Camden  county  surgeons  were  connected  did  not  participate 

*New  Jersey  and  the  Rebellion,  by  John  Y.  Foster. 


74  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

in  this  battle,  except  the  First  Brigade.  Following  the  battle 
of  Antietam,  General  McClellan,  because  of  his  failure  to  press 
his  advantage  and  prevent  the  withdrawal  of  General  Lee 
across  the  Potomac,  was  superseded  by  General  A.  E.  Burnside. 
In  October,  General  Burnside  advanced  against  the  Confederates 
and,  on  December  nth  and  12th,  engaged  them  in  battle  at 
Fredericksburg  and  sustained  defeat  with  terrific  loss.  The 
New  Jersey  troops  lost  heavily  in  killed  and  wounded  and,  in 
addition  to  the  Fourth,  Sixth  and  Eighth  Regiments,  with 
which  Lieutenants  Bowman  Hendry,  2d  and  3d,  Major  A.  J. 
McKelway  and  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor  were  respectively 
connected,  the  Twenty-fourth  Regiment,  with  which  Lieu- 
tenant Thomas  G.  Rowand,  of  Camden,  served  as  an  assistant 
surgeon,  was  actively  engaged.  In  this  engagement,  however, 
Lieutenant  O.  S.  Belden,  who  had  served  with  the  Fifth 
Regiment  since  June  1st,  did  not  participate,  having  resigned 
on  November  30th.*  The  Twenty-fourth  Regiment,  com- 
posed of  companies  from  South  Jersey,  was  mustered  into 
United  States  service  on  September  16th,  under  command  of 
Colonel  William  Robertson  with  Franklin  Knight,  of  Camden, 
as  lieutenant-colonel ;  William  L.  Newell,  of  Millville,  as  major- 
surgeon,  and  Alban  Williams  and  Thomas  G.  Rowand  as  first 
lieutenants  and  assistant  surgeons.  The  regiment  was  assigned 
to  the  Second  Army  Corps  and  ordered  to  the  front  without 
delay,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  with  a 
loss  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  men.f  In  speaking  of  the 
service  of  its  medical  officers  during  the  battle,  an  officer  of  the 
regiment  said:  "Too  much  commendation  cannot  be  awarded 
to  Surgeon  William  L.  Newell  and  his  assistants,  Doctors 
Williams  and  Rowand,  who  were  engaged  all  day,  Sunday 
(December  14th),  in  attending  the  wounded."!  Following  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor  was 
detailed  by  General  Hooker  to  take  the  medical  direction  of 
the  Artillery  Brigade,  Third  Corps,  succeeding  Lieutenant 
Harrison  Allen,  assistant  surgeon,  United  States  Army.     This 

*  Stryker's  Register. 

fNew  Jersey  and  the  Rebellion,  by  John  Y.  Foster. 

j  Ibid. 


The  Civil  War.  75 

position  demanded  high  professional  and  military  training 
and  was  retained  by  Lieutenant  Taylor  until  his  resignation 
from  the  service  in  1864.* 

[1863.]  This  year,  the  Civil  War  grew  to  enormous 
proportions  and  extensive  military  operations  were  carried 
on  in  the  West,  and  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  as  well  as  in 
Virginia.  Following  the  defeat  of  General  Burnside  at  Fred- 
ericksburg, General  Joe  Hooker,  on  January  28th,  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  crossed  the  Rappa- 
hannock, April  30th,  and  engaged  the  Confederates  at  Chan- 
cellorsville,  May  2d.  The  Fourth  Regiment,  First  Brigade,  to 
which  Lieutenant  Bowman  Hendry,  3d,  was  attached,  was  at 
this  time  serving  on  provost  duty  at  Washington.  The  Second 
Brigade,  under  Colonel  G.  M.  Mott,  of  Bordentown,  including 
the  Sixth  Regiment,  to  which  Lieutenant  Bowman  Hendry, 
2d,  was  attached,  and  the  Eighth  Regiment,  to  which  Major  A. 
J.  McKelway  and  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor  were  attached, 
Tendered  distinguished  service.  During  the  engagement, 
Colonel  Mott  was  wounded  and  Colonel  William  J.  Sewell,  Fifth 
Regiment,  assumed  command  and  led  the  brigade  in  a  charge 
that  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  the  war.  The 
Twenty-fourth  Regiment  also  participated  in  this  battle  and, 
following  it,  Lieutenant  Thomas  G.  Rowand  was  detailed  for 
duty  at  the  Third  Division,  Second  Corps  Hospital,  Potomac 
Creek,  where  he  remained  until  the  regiment  was  mustered 
out  of  service  at  Beverly,  June  6th. 

Flushed  with  his  victories  at  Fredericksburg  and  Chan- 
cellorsville,  General  Lee  invaded  Pennsylvania,  in  June,  and 
on  July  1-3  met  with  disastrous  defeat  at  Gettysburg  at  the 
hands  of  the  Federal  Army  under  command  of  General  George 
G.  Meade,  who  had  succeeded  General  Hooker  in  command  on 
the  very  eve  of  battle.  This  was  the  greatest  battle  of  the  war 
and,  during  its  continuance,  Major  McKelway  and  Lieutenant 
Taylor,  of  the  Eighth  Regiment,  and  Lieutenant  Bowman 
Hendry,  2d,  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  rendered  effective  service 
in  caring  for  the  wounded.  Following  the  retreat  of  General 
Lee  into  Virginia,  the  New  Jersey  troops  participated   in  the 

*  MS.  Notes  of  A.  St.  John  Chambre,  Chaplain  Eighth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V. 


76  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

movements  and  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  Wap- 
ping  Heights,  McLane's  Ford,  Brandy  Station  and  Mine  Run,, 
and  went  into  quarters  along  the  Rappahannock,  remaining 
practically  inactive  until  General  U.  S.  Grant  took  command 
of  the  army  in  the  following  year. 

The  stupendous  proportions  which  the  war  had  assumed 
led  Congress,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  to  pass  a  Conscrip- 
tion Act,  which,  on  March  3d,  was  approved  by  the  President. 
The  Act  provided  for  a  Board  of  Enrollment,  consisting  of  a 
marshal,  a  surgeon  and  a  commissioner,  for  each  Congressional 
district,  and  through  Hon.  John  F.  Starr,  M.  C,  the  President, 
on  May  2d,  appointed  Colonel  R.  C.  Johnson,  provost-marshal;. 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  surgeon,  and  James  M.  Scovel,  com- 
missioner, for  the  first  district  of  New  Jersey.*  Dr.  Stevenson's 
position  gave  him  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  first  lieutentant  of 
cavalry.  The  law  also  provided  for  assistant  surgeons  who  stood 
in  the  relation  of  contract  surgeons  and,  during  the  life  of 
the  board  from  May  2,  1863,  to  June  1,  1865,  this  position  was 
held  successively  by  Doctors  B.  P.  Howell,  of  Woodbury; 
Quinton  Gibbon,  of  Salem ;  Jonathan  Learning,  of  Cape  May, 
and  H.  Genet  Taylor,  of  Camden.  On  October  26th,  the  draft- 
ing of  men  for  the  army  was  begun  by  the  Board  of  Enrollment 
in  Camden  and  Lieutenant  Stevenson  began  examinations  of 
applicants  for  exemption  on  account  of  physical  disability,  the 
results  of  which  he  presented  in  an  elaborate  report  to  the 
Government  and  to  the   Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1864.]  The  closing  conflicts  of  the  war  were  inaugu- 
rated under  General  U.  S.  Grant,  who,  on  March  2d,  was 
appointed  commander-in-chief  of  all  the  Union  forces.  Under 
his  direction,  the  campaign  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was 
conducted  •  by  General  Meade  and  that  of  the  Cumberland 
by  General  Sherman.  On  May  3d,  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
began  the  march  to  Richmond,  and  there  followed  the  battles 
of  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania  and  Cold  Harbor,  ending  in 
the  siege  of  Petersburg,  which  began  in  June  and  was  con- 
tinued through  the  winter.  But  two  of  the  Camden  county 
surgeons   participated    in    the    campaigns    of  this   year.     On 

*MS.  Notes  of  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson. 


The  Civil  War.  77 

March  15th,  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor,  of  the  Eighth  Regi- 
ment, resigned  on  account  of  the  illness  of  his  father,  and, 
on  April  7th,  Surgeon-Major  Alexander  J.  McKelway,  of 
the  same  regiment,  resigned,  both  of  whom  had  rendered 
continuous  service  to  the  Government  from  September  14, 
1 86 1.*  But  Lieutenants  Bowman  Hendry,  2d,  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment,  and  Bowman  Hendry,  3d,  of  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
participated  in  the  campaign  and  rendered  distinguished 
service.  On  September  7th,  the  former  was  discharged 
at  Trenton,  by  reason  of  expiration  of  service,  having 
served  with  his  regiment  since  August  8,  1862,  and  the 
latter  resigned  from  the  Fourth  Regiment,  November  3d, 
having  served  with  the  regiment  since  February  3,  1862. 

Near  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War,  Dr.  George  S.  F. 
Pfeiffer,  who  had  located  in  Camden,  in  1854,  moved  to  Phila- 
delphia to  accept  a  Professorship  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  at  the  Penn  Medical  University,  which  he  retained 
until  1864.  On  March  30th,  he  was  commissioned  first  lieu- 
tenant and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
sixth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  remained  with 
his  regiment  until  mustered  out  of  the  service  on  August  15, 
1865. f  During  this  period,  Lieutenant  Pfeiffer,  from  his 
experience  in  the  navy  of  Holland  and  in  the  French  army, 
rendered  effective  service  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  sanitary 
condition  of  the  army.  After  the  war,  Lieutenant  Pfeiffer 
again  located  in  Camden. 

On  June  29th,  the  United  States  Government  established 
a  military  hospital  of  two  thousand  and  fifty-six  beds  at  Beverly, 
N.  J.,  which,  on  September  29th,  was  increased  to  two 
thousand,  four  hundred  and  sixty-nine  beds.  The  hospital 
was  placed  under  a  corps  of  contract  surgeons,  among  whom 
were  Dr.  Elijah  B.  Woolston,  of  Marlton,  and  Doctois  Franklin 
Gauntt  and  J.  Howard  Pugh,  of  Burlington.  The  hospital  was 
maintained  by  the  Government  until  August,  1865,  when  it 
was  closed. I 

*  Record  of  Officers  and  Men  of  New  Jersey  in  the  Civil  War,  by  W.  S.  Stryker. 

t  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

tMS.  Notes  Col.  James  S.  Kiger,  Adjutant-General's  Office  Trenton,  N.  J. 


78  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cotmty. 

During  this  year,  the  Fair  of  the  Sanitary  Commission 
was  held  in  Philadelphia  under  the  auspices  of  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  in  aid  of  sick  and  wounded 
soldiers.  An  auxiliary  of  the  fair  was  formed  in  West  Jersey, 
for  the  benefit  of  which  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  delivered  a 
series  of  lectures,  and  in  which  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  served 
as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  "Original  Ballads  and  Poetry 
of  the  War." 

On  August  2  2d,  the  Geneva  Convention  was  held  and 
"Articles  of  Agreement  for  the  Amelioration  of  the  Condition 
of  Armies  in  the  Field"  were  adopted  and  signed  by  the  repre- 
sentatives of  thirty-four  nations.  In  the  agreement,  military 
hospitals,  ambulances,  surgeons,  chaplains  and  employees  of 
hospitals  were  to  be  regarded  as  neutral  in  war  and  possessing 
special  rights.  Freedom  from  imprisonment  was  guaranteed 
to  the  medical  corps,  upon  wearing  an  arm  badge  of  a  red 
cross  upon  a  white  ground,  and  protective  rights  were  secured 
to  hospitals  and  ambulances,  displaying  a  flag  similar  to  the 
badge. 

[1865.]  The  closing  period  of  the  war  opened  this  year, 
with  a  continuation  of  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  and  closed  with 
the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox,  April  9th.  In 
this  siege  and  surrender,  the  medical  profession  of  Camden 
county  was  represented  by  Dr.  Duncan  W.  Blake,  of  Gloucester 
City,  who  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  early  in  the  spring; 
joined  the  regiment  at  Park  Station  and  subsequently  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Fort  Steadman,  March  25th;  Peters- 
burg, April  2d ;  Farmville,  April  7th,  and  was  present  at 
Appomattox  at  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  Army,  April 
9th.  Following  the  surrender  of  General  Lee,  the  Fourth 
Regiment  was  ordered  in  pursuit  of  Jefferson  Davis,  the  fleeing 
President  of  the  Confederacy,  and  marched  as  far  as  Danville, 
from  which  place  it  was  ordered  to  report  at  Washington  to 
participate  in  the  grand  review  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
ordered  by  President  Lincoln  as  the  closing  act  of  the  drama 
of  the  Rebellion.  Lieutenant  Blake  received  honorable  men- 
tion for  meritorious  services  and   was  honorably  discharged 


The  Civil  War-.  79 

from  the  service  in  August,  when  he  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Gloucester  City. 

There  were  a  number  of  surgeons  who  served  with  dis- 
tinction in  the  Civil  War  and,  after  its  close,  located  in  Camden 
county.  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Seventy-third  Regiment, 
Pa.  V.,  September  n,  1861 ;  promoted  major  and  surgeon, 
October  15,  1862;  resigned  October  16,  1864,  and,  after  a 
short  service  in  Satterlee  Hospital,  located  in  Camden.*  In 
1 86 1,  Dr.  Joseph  W.  McCullough  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  First  Delaware  Regi- 
ment and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  was  com- 
missioned an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  regular  army,  but 
resigned,  in  1866,  and  located  at  Blackwood. t  In  the  summer 
of  1862,  Dr.  D.  H.  Bartine  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  on 
board  the  floating  hospital,  under  command  of  Surgeon- 
General  Smith,  of  Pennsylvania,  on  duty  with  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac;  on  July  25th,  he  was  commissioned  first  lieu- 
tenant and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Four- 
teenth Regiment,  Pa.  V.,  and  served  with  the  regiment  until 
September,  1863,  when  he  was  detached  and  assigned  to  duty 
as  attending  surgeon  at  General  Meade's  headquarters;  on 
August  22,  1864,  he  was  promoted  major  and  surgeon  of  the 
One  Hundred  and  Twelfth  Regiment,  Pa.  V.  After  the  sur- 
render of  General  L,ee,  Major  Bartine  became  surgeon-in-chief 
of  the  Fair  Ground  General  Hospital,  Petersburg,  Va.,  where 
he  remained  until  mustered  out  of  service,  January  29,  1866, 
when  he  located  at  Merchantville.  On  November  1,  1862, 
Dr.  D.  Parish  Pancoast  entered  the  United  States  service  as  a 
contract  surgeon  and  remained  until  January  1,  1866.  During 
this  time,  Dr.  Pancoast  served  in  the  Mower  Hospital  until 
February,  1863,  when  he  was  detailed  for  duty  with  the  Two 
Hundred  and  Third  Pennsylvania  Heavy  Artillery,  at  Fortress 
Monroe,  where  he  also  served  as  medical  commissary  and  as 
surgeon-in-charge  of  the  hospital  transport,  "Matilda."  After 
the   surrender   of  General  Lee,  Dr.  Pancoast  was  assigned  to 

*  Bates'  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 

t  Stevenson's  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County. 


So  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

hospital  duty  at  Petersburg,  where  he  remained  until  he 
resigned  from  the  service,  after  which  he  located  in  Camden. 
■On  July  23,  1863,  Dr.  William  T.  Collins  was  commissioned 
first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Regiment, 
Delaware  Volunteers,  and  on  August  12,  1864,  was  promoted 
major  and  surgeon  of  the  Seventh  Regiment,  Delaware  Volun- 
teers. Early  in  the  war,  Dr.  Frederick  F.  Pfeiffer  was 
warranted  a  medical  cadet  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  United 
States  Artillery,  with  which  he  served  in  the  seven  days'  fight 
in  the  Peninsular  campaign.  He  was  subsequently  transferred 
to  the  hospital  transport  steamer,  "Louisiana,"  and  was  on 
board  when  the  first  exchange  of  prisoners  was  made,  July  19, 
1862,  and  transported  wounded  prisoners  to  the  North. 
During  the  voyage,  Cadet  Pfeiffer  rendered  effective  service 
and  was  later  assigned  to  Satterlee  Hospital  at  Philadelphia, 
in  charge  of  Surgeon  Hayes,  the  Arctic  explorer.  In  1863, 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  was  warranted  a  medical  cadet  and 
assigned  to  duty  at  the  Satterlee  Hospital,  and  Dr.  William 
H.  Iszard  was  also  warranted  a  medical  cadet  and  assigned 
to  the  United  States  Hospital,  Broad  and  Cherry  streets, 
Philadelphia.  In  1861,  Henry  F.  Chew  served  with  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  and  was  subsequently  elected 
captain  of  Company  I,  Twelfth  Regiment,  where  he  rose  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  commanded  the  regiment 
when  it  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  1865.  After  the  war, 
Colonel  Chew  studied  dentistry  and  located  in  Camden. 
J.  W.  Donges  served  as  a  private  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Pa.  V.,  and  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg,  where  he  was  severely  wounded, 
on  account  of  which  he  was  discharged  for  physical  disability.* 
In  1863,  I.  N.  Hugg  was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in 
Company  I,  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  and  served  in 
General  Sherman's  army.  Lieutenant  Hugg  attained  the  rank 
of  captain  and,  after  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service 
in  1866,  began  the  study  of  medicine,  which  he  is  now  practic- 
ing in  Camden. f     W.  B.  E.  Miller  served  as  a  private  in  the 

*•  Stevenson's  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County, 
f  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County,  N.  J. 


The  Civil  War.  81 

Twenty-third  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  in  1862  and  1863,  and  as  a 
first  lieutenant  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-third  Regiment, 
Illinois  Volunteers,  from  which  he  was  detached  and  appointed 
acting  assistant  inspector-general,  on  the  staff  of  General  C.  C. 
Washburne,  in  which  capacity  he  received  the  thanks  of 
President  Lincoln  and  Secretary  Stanton  for  services  rendered. 

B.      THE   UNITED   STATES   NAVY. 

[186 1.]  During  the  Rebellion,  the  operations  of  the  navy 
contributed,  in  a  great  measure,  to  the  success  of  the  Federal 
cause  by  the  blockading  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  sea-ports, 
and  by  the  expeditions  along  the  Mississippi,  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland  rivers.  At  the  beginning  of  hostilities,  Dr.  William 
S.  Bishop  was  a  passed  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy,  having 
been  commissioned  April  11,  1843,  an^  promoted  to  passed 
assistant  surgeon,  January  22,  1848.  When  the  Civil  War 
began,  he  was  on  duty  at  the  Navy  Yard,  Warrington,  Florida, 
from  which  he  was  detached  and  placed  on  waiting  orders, 
January  17,  1861,  and,  on  November  18th,  was  ordered  to  the 
Navy  Yard,  Mare  Island,  California,  where  he  remained  until 
November  25,  1864,  when  he  was  placed  on  the  Examining 
Board  for  admission  to  the  Naval  Academy.  In  March,  1866, 
he  was  commissioned  a  surgeon  on  the  retired  list  and,  in  May, 
was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  Naval  Academy,  from  which  he 
was  detached  and  placed  on  special  duty  at  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died,  December  28,  1868,  after  a  service  of  twenty- 
five  years.*  Surgeon  Bishop  was  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Camden  District  Medical  Society  and  one  of  the  corporators 
of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

On  April  17,  1856,  Dr.  Richard  C.  Dean,  of  Camden,  was 
commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy;  promoted 
passed  assistant  surgeon,  April  17,  1861,'and  surgeon,  August 
1,  1 86 1.  During  the  war,  he  served  on  the  "Tuscarora," 
and  was  assigned  to  special  duty  at  Baltimore,  Camden 
and  the  Naval  Academy.  He  subsequently  served  on  the 
"Sacramento"  and  the  "Michigan,"  in  the  Bureau  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery  at   Washington  and,  on  June  8,    1873,  ne  was 

*  Records  of  the  United  States  Navy  Department. 

6 


82  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

promoted  medical  inspector.  On  January  10,  1880,  he  was 
promoted  medical  director,*  and  on  May  27,  1895,  was  placed 
on  the  retired  list,  having  attained  the  position  of  second  rank- 
ing officer  in  the  medical  corps  of  the  United  States  Navy. 

On  May  18,  1861,  Dr.  Charles  W.  Sartori,  of  Camden,  was 
appointed  an  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy,  and 
ordered  to  duty  on  board  the  steamer  "  Flag,"  at  Philadelphia. 
On  October  8,  1863,  he  was  detached  and  ordered  to  report  to 
the  department;  on  December  8th,  was  assigned  to  duty  on 
the  "Sassacus"  ;  on  December  17th,  was  detached  and  assigned 
to  the  "  Wyalusing,"  at  Philadelphia,  and  on  July  19,  1864,  he 
resigned  from  the  service,  f 

On  July  30,  1 86 1,  Dr.  Henry  Ackley,  of  Camden,  was 
commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy  and  assigned 
to  duty  at  the  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard.  On  November  2d,  he 
was  detached  and  assigned  to  the  "  Wissahickon " ;  on  April 
29th,  he  was  detached  and  placed  on  waiting  orders;  on  June 
10,  1863,  assigned  to  the  "Marion"  ;  on  June  17th,  to  the  "San 
Jacinto";  March  15,  1864,  detached  and,  on  August  17th, 
assigned  to  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard ;  on  August  31st,  assigned  to 
the  "Vermont";  and,  October  1st,  detached  and  placed  on 
waiting  orders.     He  died  at  Philadelphia,  December  1,  1865.  J 

[1864.]  On  March  10,  1864,  Dr.  John  H.  Austin  was 
appointed  an  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  the  navy  and  on 
May  26th  was  commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon.  He  served 
on  the  "North  Carolina";  on  the  "Manhattan,"  in  the 
West  Gulf  Squadron;  participated  in  the  battle  of  Mobile, 
under  Admiral  Farragut,  August  5  1864,  and  resigned  Jan- 
uary 14,  1865. §  Dr.  Austin  located  in  Camden  in  1868 
and  remained  until  1879.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  in  1871,  '72  and  '73  ;  captain  of  Company 
B.  Sixth  Regiment,  N.  G.,  N.  J.,  in  1876,  and  as  medical 
director  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  Martin  Gold- 
smith served  as  hospital-steward  on  the  "Georgia,"  during 
the  closing  period  of  the  Civil  War,  and  subsequently  opened 

*  Records  of  the  United  States  Navy  Department. 
f  Ibid. 

X  Ibid. 
$  Ibid. 


Educational  and  Other  Interests.  83 

a  drug-store  at  the  corner  of  Second   and  Vine  streets,  now 
occupied  by  George  J.  Pechin. 

Section  VI. — Educational  and  Other  Interests. 

From  i860  to  1864,  the  physicians  of  Camden  county 
showed  an  active  interest  in  the  government  of  the  public 
schools.  In  1862,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Education  from  the  Middle  ward  of  Camden, 
over  Dr.  T.  G.  Rowand;  Dr.  S.  Birdsell  was  elected  for  the 
South  ward  and  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  was  defeated  for  the  North 
ward.  Dr.  Daniel  M.  Stout,  of  Berlin,  was  elected  superinten- 
dent of  public  schools  for  Waterford  township  in  the  same  year. 
In  1864,  Dr.  Ridge  was  elected  president  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion of  Camden,  of  which  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell  was  a  member. 

During  this  period  (1 860-1 864),  the  following  physicians 
located  in  Camden  county:  in  i860,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  at 
Camden;  in  1861,  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy,  Robert  G.  Taylor, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  and  Louis  Hatton,  a 
graduate  of  Penn  Medical  College  the  same  year,  at  Camden  ;  in 
1863,  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  at  Camden,  and  Dr.  I.  Gilbert 
Young,  at  Haddonfield;  in  1864,  Dr.  Henry  F.  Hunt,  a  student 
at  Brown  University,  Bellevue  Hospital  and  a  graduate  of 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  (1864),  and  Dr.  J. 
Kemper  Bryant,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  in 
1858,  at  Camden;  Dr.  Duncan  W.  Blake,  a  graduate  of  Phila- 
delphia Medical  College  and  subsequently  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  at  Gloucester  City,  and  Dr.  Bowman  H.  Shivers,  who 
had  moved  from  Marl  ton  to  Philadelphia  in  1862,  located  in 
Haddonfield. 

In  1 86 1,  Simeon  T.  Ringel  began  the  drug  business  at 
the  corner  of  Second  and  Market  streets,  which  is  now  owned 
by  Charles  E.  Slough,  and,  in  1862,  Albert  P.  Brown  succeeded 
Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  in  the  drug-store  at  the  corner  of  Fifth 
and  Federal  streets,  now  owned  by  Prof.  G.  M.  Beringer. 

In  1864,  Dr.  J.  R.  Andrews,  the  pioneer  homoeopathic 
practitioner  of  Camden,  died  after  a  life  of  successful  profes- 
sional work.* 

*Prowell's History  of  Camden  County. 


84  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Comity. 

Dr.  Andrews  was  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  Medical 
College  and  was  made  a  licentiate  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical 
Society,  in  1852.  Afterwards  he  adopted  the  principles  of 
Hahnemann  and  became  an  active  practitioner  of  that  school. 
He  was  succeeded  in  his  practice  by  his  son,  Dr.  P.  W. 
Andrews,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Philadelphia  in   1866. 


CHAPTER  VI. 
'  THE  PERIOD  FROM  1865  TO  1870. 
Section  I. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1865.]  The  society  met  at  Burlington,  January  24th, 
with  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  present  as  a  Fellow  and  Doctors  Cullen, 
Marcy,  Branin  and  H.  G.  Taylor  as  the  representatives  from 
Camden  county.  The  legislative  Act  to  reorganize  the 
society  in  its  centennial  year  was  approved.  The  report  from 
the  District  Society  to  the  standing  committee  was  made  by 
Dr.  John  W.  Snowden,  of  Waterford,  and  included  the  consid- 
eration of  "Spotted  Fever"  at  Blackwood;  a  case  of  "Lumbar 
Abscess,"  by  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor,  and  a  paper  on  "The  Means  of 
Improving  the  Physical  Development  of  the  Community,"  by 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson.  Doctors  Mulford,  Cullen,  Schenck  and 
Cooper  were  appointed  censors,  an  office,  at  this  time,  entirely 
nominal.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was  made  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  arrangements  for  the  centennial  anniversary  in  the 
ensuing  year. 

[1866.]  The  closing  of  the  old  and  the  dawn  of  a  new 
century,  in  the  history  of  the  society,  was  now  at  hand. 
Instituted  in  1766,  incorporated  in  1790,  and  re-incorporated 
in  18 16  and  in  1830,  the  society,  because  of  the  medical 
enactment  of  1854,  deemed  it  wise  to  relinquish  its  special 
examining  privileges  and  to  reorganize,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
on  a  voluntary  basis.  This  movement  was  begun  in  1863, 
when  a  committee,  of  which  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was  a  member, 
was  appointed  to  revise  the  charter  of  the  society.  The 
revision  was  presented  to  the  Legislature  in  1864  and  an  Act 
of  re-incorporation  was  passed,  repealing  the  incorporative 
Act  of  1830,  and  all  supplements  relating  thereto,  which 
became  operative  on  the  fourth  Tuesday  of  January,  1866. 
The  Act  provided  for  the  abolition  of  the  censors;  the  con- 
ferring of  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine,  instead  of  a  license 

85 


86  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  diploma;  for  three  delegates  from  each  District  Society 
and  one  additional  delegate  for  every  ten  members  who, 
together  with  the  officers  and  Fellows,  should  constitute  the 
society;  for  a  change  of  the  annual  meeting  to  the  fourth 
Tuesday  in  May,  and  for  authority  to  formulate  rules  for  its 
own  management,  and,  indirectly,  for  that  of  the  District 
Societies.  The  reorganization  united  the  interests  of  the 
State  and  District  Societies  more  closely  than  before  and  gave 
an  impetus  to  medical  progress  throughout  the  State. 

The  annual  meeting  took  place  at  New  Brunswick, 
January  23d,  where,  on  July  23,  1766,  the  society  was  organ- 
ized. Fourteen  District  Societies,  with  a  total  membership  of 
five  hundred  and  ninety-nine,  of  whom  twenty-four  were 
members  of  the  Camden  Society,  were  represented.  Doctors 
O.  H.  Taylor,  Cooper,  Cullen,  Marcy,  Woodruff  and  Schenck 
represented  Camden.  Dr.  Abram  Coles,  of  Newark,  presided 
and  delivered  his  annual  address  in  poetry,  his  poem  being 
called  "The  Microcosm,"*  and  Dr.  William  Pierson,  Sr.,  of 
Orange,  the  secretary  of  the  society  since  1835,  delivered  an 
historical  address  and  was  elected  third  vice-president.  Dr. 
William  Pierson,  Jr.,  was  elected  secretary,  a  position  which  he 
still  retains.  At  this  meeting,  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  was 
appointed  essayist ;  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  was  made  a  licentiate 
and  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy  and  I.  Gilbert  Young  reported 
special  medical  cases. 

[1867.]  The  society  met  this  year  at  Jersey  City,  in 
May,  with  Doctors  Cullen,  Marcy,  Snowden  and  H.  Genet 
Taylor  as  the  Camden  representatives.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was 
present  as  a  Fellow ;  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  was  elected  third 
vice-president;  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  read  an  essay  on 
"Thrombosis,"  and  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  presented  a  paper 
entitled  "A  History  of  Cholera  in  Camden  in  1866  and  the 
Means  Adopted  for  its  Prevention." 

*  "  Dr.  Abram  Coles,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  was,  next  to  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  the  most 
distinguished  poet  the  medical  profession  has  produced  in  America.  *  *  *  In  '  The 
Microcosm,' he  describes  with  classic  dignity  and  sympathetic  fervor  the  mission  of  the 
physician  and  introduces,  as  illustrations,  the  famous  paintings,  '  Vesalius  Engaged  in 
Dissecting,'  'Harvey  Demonstrating  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood'  and  'Rembrandt's 
Lessons  in  Anatomy.'" — "The  American  Physician  in  Literature"  by  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
A.  M.,  M.  D. 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  87 

[1868.]  The  society  met  at  Princeton,  in  May.  Dr.  R. 
M.  Cooper  was  present  as  a  Fellow ;  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  as  third 
vice-president,  and  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  as  the  only  Camden 
delegate.  Dr.  Cullen  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Inutility  of 
Tenotomy  in  the  Treatment  of  Congenital  Varus,"  in  which 
the  history  of  the  deformity,  from  the  time  of  Thilenius,  in 
1784,  was  reviewed  and  the  cause,  nature  and  mechanical 
treatment  were  considered.  The  paper  was  extensively  illus- 
trated and  advocated  the  use  of  mechanical  appliances  instead 
of  the  knife. 

[1869.]  During  this  year,  the  society  met  at  Jersey  City, 
in  May.  Doctors  Cooper,  Cullen,  Ridge,  Schenck,  Marcy  and 
H.  Genet  Taylor  were  present.  Dr.  Cullen  read  a  paper  on 
"Hypodermatic  Medication  in  the  Relief  of  Pain  and  Nausea" 
and  was  elected  first  vice-president;  Doctors  Ridge  and 
Schenck  were  made  members  of  the  legislative  committee, 
and  the  reporters  of  County  Societies  were  made  ex-officio 
members  of  the  society. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1865.]  Two  objects  engaged  the  attention  of  the  society 
this  year;  viz.,  the  establishment  of  a  city  dispensary  and  the 
prevention  of  cholera.  The  organization  of  the  first  was 
effected  from  the  surplus  funds  of  the  North  Ward  Bounty 
Association,  through  its  representatives,  Colonel  Thomas 
McKeen  and  Samuel  B.  Garrison,  and  through  Doctors  O.  H. 
Taylor,  Fisler,  Cooper,  Schenck  and  Cullen,  the  representatives 
of  the  society. 

On  September  7th,  a  special  meeting  of  the  society  was 
held  to  discuss  cholera  and  a  committee,  consisting  of  Doctors 
Stevenson,  Fisler  and  Mulford,  was  appointed  to  confer  and  to 
take  measures  with  City  Council  to  prevent  an  invasion  of  the 
disease.  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  was  elected  president;  Dr. 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  vice-president ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Stevenson,  secretary 
and  treasurer  and  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  2d,  a  member. 

[1866.]  The  epidemic  of  cholera  and  the  founding  of  a 
dispensary  were  matters  of  active  consideration  in  1866.      The 


88  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

special  committee  appointed  during  the  previous  September 
did  effective  work  in  overcoming  the  cholera  epidemic  and 
commendable  progress  was  made  in  regard  to  the  dispensary, 
by  purchasing  the  Perseverance  Hose  House  and  fitting  up 
a  room  in  the  building  for  the  use  of  the  society.  The 
society  met  there  for  the  first  time  on  March  21st.  At  the 
annual  meeting,  Dr.  J.  M.  Ridge  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
society  and  its  president ;  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  vice-president, 
and  Dr.  J.  R.  Stevenson,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Dr.  Ridge 
presented  a  specimen  of  extra-uterine  pregnancy.  Dr.  J.  R. 
Stevenson  was  requested  to  furnish  Surgeon-General  Joseph 
R.  Barnes,  U.  S.  A.,  with  all  obtainable  information  concern- 
ing wounds  of  Camden  county  soldiers  for  the  "  Medical  and 
Surgical  History  of  the  War."  Through  the  efforts  of  Dr. 
Schenck,  the  obstetric  fee  was  raised  to  ten  dollars,  if  paid  in 
cash,  and  fifteen  dollars  when  charged. 

[1867.]  Regular  quarterly  meetings  of  the  society  were 
held  throughout  1867,  and  its  membership  was  increased  by 
the  election  of  the  following  graduates  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania:  Doctors  Reynell  Coates,  1823;  Peter  V. 
Schenck,  i860;  Alexander  Mecray,  1864;   Thomas  J.  Smith, 

1866,  and  a  graduate  of  Williams  College,  1862;  also  Dr.  J. 
Newton   Achuff,    a   graduate    of   Jefferson    Medical    College, 

1867.  Important  papers  were  read  by  Doctors  Schenck, 
Marcy,  Taylor  and  Ridge  and  an  operation  of  inguinal  hernia, 
and  a  case  of  fragilitas  ossium,  in  a  child  whose  right  radius  and 
ulna,  left  humerus  and  right  femur  were  fractured,  were 
reported  by  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen.  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  was 
elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-president ;  Dr.  T.  J. 
Smith,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  six  members  were  elected 
to  the  Dispensary  Board  of  Managers. 

[1868.]  The  chief  object  of  interest,  in  1868,  was  the 
effort  of  the  society  to  fix  a  uniform  fee  for  post-mortem  ex- 
aminations, which,  however,  was  not  finally  settled.  Dr. 
Alexander  Marcy,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on  "The 
Elevation  of  the  Medical  Profession";  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  was 
elected  president ;  Dr.  T.  J.  Smith,  vice-president ;  Dr.  J. 
Orlando  White,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 


The  Camden  City  Dispensary .  89 

1868  (elected  to  membership  during  the  year),  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Garrison,  M.  D.,  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1845,  was  made  an  honorary 
member.  The  representatives  in  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
dispensary  were  re-elected. 

[1869.]  The  chief  occasions  of  interest,  in  1869,  were  the 
reports  of  committees  on  delinquents  and  on  post-mortem 
examinations.  As  for  the  delinquents,  the  society  concluded 
that  each  member  should  report  the  names  of  those  who  refused 
to  pay  their  medical  bills,  but  that  this  should  not  prevent 
other  members  from  attending  them :  As  to  post-mortem  exam- 
inations, it  was  determined  that  the  fee-bill  for  the  same  might 
vary  from  five  to  forty  dollars,  according  to  their  extent ;  that 
members  should  decline  to  make,  or  assist  in  making,  a  post- 
mortem examination  for  the  court,  or  any  coroner,  until  the  fee- 
bill  adopted  should  be  agreed  to  by  them.  Notice  of  this 
decision  was  forwarded  to  the  presiding  judge  of  the  county,  the 
coroners,  the  State  and  the  County  Societies,  but  the  matter 
was  never  determined  and  remained  a  subject  of  contention 
until  the  law,  providing  for  a  county  physician,  was  enacted  in 
1877.  The  annual  meeting  was  not  held  and  the  officers  of 
the  society  consequently  held  over. 

Section  III. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1865.]  The  origin  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  is  due 
to  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  and  of  Colonel  Thomas 
McKeen  and  Samuel  B.  Garrison,  members  of  the  North  Ward 
Bounty  Association.*  On  December  9,  1864,  this  associa- 
tion was  founded  to  provide  substitutes  for  those  unable,  or 
unwilling,  to  enlist  in  the  army.  Liberal  sums  were  con- 
tributed, but,  before  the  quota  of  the  county  was  completed,  the 
surrender  of  the  Confederacy  occurred  (April  9th)  and  obviated 
the  necessity  for  continuing  the  association.  A  surplus  of 
$3,776.91  remained  in  the  treasury,  which  was  ordered  to  be  ex- 
pended upon  some  charitable  institution,  and  Colonel  Thomas 
McKeen  and  Samuel  B.  Garrison  were  appointed  a  committee 

*  Historical  Sketch  of  The  Camden  City  Dispensary,  by  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.M.,  M.  D. 


90  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Comity. 

to  execute  the  project.  The  Camden  City  Medical  Society 
was  advised  of  this  intention  and  appreciated  at  once  the 
opportunity  to  found  a  dispensary  under  its  management.  On 
May  4th,  a  special  meeting  was  called  at  the  residence  o± 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  when  the  subject  was  fully  considered  and  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Doctors  O.  H.  Taylor,  Fisler,  Cooper, 
Schenck  and  Cullen,  was  appointed  with  plenary  powers  to 
advise  with  Messrs.  McKeen  and  Garrison  concerning  the 
project.  As  a  result  of  this  conference,  plans  were  adopted 
for  the  founding  of  a  dispensary,  but  their  execution  was 
delayed  by  an  appeal  to  the  courts  by  those  contributors  to  the 
fund  who  wished  to  divide  the  surplus  among  themselves. 
The  action  of  the  association  was  subsequently  sustained  and 
the  committee  continued  its  work. 

[1866.]  Early  in  the  year,  Messrs.  McKeen  and  Garrison 
purchased  the  Perseverance  Hose  House*  and  began  fitting  it 
up  for  a  dispensary,  in  which  they  set  apart  a  room  for  the 
City  Medical  Society  to  meet.  The  total  cost  was  $2,005.46. 
Arrangements  were  made  to  procure  a  charter  and  subscription 
books  were  opened  for  securing  funds.  On  March  1st, 
Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  submitted  a  plan  of  organization  to  the 
City  Society,  similar  to  that  advocated  by  him  in  1859,  which 
was  adopted,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  co-operate 
with  Messrs.  McKeen  and  Garrison,  and  such  citizens  as  might  be 
appointed  to  work  with  them,  in  the  organization  of  the  work. 
On  March  4th,  the  matured  plan  of  the  joint  committee  was 
approved  by  the  City  Society  at  a  special  meeting  and,  on  the 
17th,  the  building,  equipped  for  dispensary  purposes,  was 
formally  turned  over  to  the  City  Society  by  Messrs.  McKeen  and 
Garrison,  with  the  request  that  the  institution  be  carried  on  by 
the  society  until  a  charter  could  be  obtained  from  the  Legisla- 
ture, authorizing  a  Board  of  Managers.  The  trust  was  accepted 
by  the  society,  with  public  expression  of  satisfaction  to  Messrs. 
McKeen  and  Garrison  and  the  North  Ward  Bounty  Associa- 
tion. On  March  21st,  the  society  met  for  the  first  time  in  the 
room  provided  for  its  use.     On  April   1st,   the  dispensary  was 

*  The  Perseverance    Hose    House   stood  on  Third  street  below  Market,  where  the 
vaults  of  the  West  Jersey  Title  and  Guarantee  Compam-  now  stand. 


The  Camden  City  Dispensary .  91 

opened  for  professional  work,  with  a  ward  for  the  care  of 
patients,  the  following  staff  having  been  appointed:  North 
ward,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  Middle  ward,  Dr.  John  R.  Steven- 
son; South  ward,  Dr.  Alexander  M.  Mecray;  superintendent 
and  apothecary,  Othniel  G.  Taylor.  On  June  7th,  Doctors 
Cooper,  Fisler  and  Cullen  were  appointed  consulting  physi- 
cians. There  were  three  hundred  and  four  cases  treated  during 
the  year. 

[1867.]  On  February  5th,  the  Act  of  incorporation  was 
approved  with  the  following  corporators:  Doctors  Isaac  S. 
Mulford,  Othniel  H.  Taylor,  Richard  M.  Cooper,  Lorenzo  F. 
Fisler,  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  John  V.  Schenck,  William  S. 
Bishop,  Alexander  Marcy,  Bowman  Hendry,  2d,  James  M. 
Ridge,  H.  Genet  Taylor  and  John  R.  Stevenson.  On  March 
7th,  an  organization  was  effected  with  the  following  officers : 
President,  Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor;  vice-president,  Dr.  Lorenzo 
F.  Fisler;  secretary,  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson;  treasurer, 
Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper.  Doctors  O.  H.  Taylor,  Fisler,  Schenck, 
Cooper  and  Stevenson  were  appointed  to  prepare  a  constitution 
and  to  assume  the  management  of  the  institution  until  the  next 
annual  meeting.  On  December  12th,  the  deed  of  the  building 
was  procured. 

[1868.]  The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  January  4th, 
when  a  constitution,  providing  that  the  Board  of  Managers 
shall  consist  of  eleven  members,  six  of  whom  shall  be  chosen 
by  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  and  five  by  the  contribu- 
tors to  the  institution,  was  adopted.  This  placed  the  institu- 
tion under  medical  control, — a  wise  forethought  on  the  part 
of  the  committee  on  the  preparation  of  the  constitution. 
Doctors  I.  S.  Mulford,  O.  H.  Taylor,  R.  M.  Cooper,  J.  V. 
Schenck,  T.  F.  Cullen  and  Alexander  Marcy  were  elected  to 
the  Board  of  Managers,  as  the  representatives  of  the  City 
Medical  Society,  and  Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  Thomas  A.  Wilson, 
Joseph  J.  Reed,  Richard  W.  Test  and  Jeremiah  Smith,  as  the 
representatives  of  the  contributors.  On  January  21st,  the 
board  organized  by  electing  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  president ; 
Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-president ;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  secretary 
and  treasurer ;  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  J.  N.  Achuff  and  T.  J. 


92  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Smith  as  attending  physicians;  Doctors  Cooper,  Fisler  and 
Cullen  as  consulting  physicians,  and  Othniel  G.  Taylor  as 
superintendent  and  apothecary. 

[1869.]  At  the  annual  meeting  held  January  12th,  Colonel 
Thomas  McKeen,  Thomas  A.  Wilson,  John  Morgan,  Joseph  C. 
De  La  Cour,  Richard  W.  Test  and  Doctors  I.  S.  Mulford,  O.  H. 
Taylor,  R.  M.  Cooper,  J.  V.  Schenck,  T.  F.  Cullen  and  Alex- 
ander Marcy  were  elected  managers.  The  board  organized  by 
electing  Dr.  Cullen,  president;  Dr.  Schenck,  vice-president, 
and  Dr.  Cooper,  secretary  and  treasurer.  An  appropriation  of 
$300.00  was  received  from  City  Council,  which,  in  addition  to 
the  interest  of  the  invested  fund,  $1,771.45  (the  balance 
remaining  of  the  grant  from  the  North  Ward  Bounty  Associa- 
tion, after  deducting  the  amount  expended  for  the  purchase  of 
the  Perseverance  Hose  House),  and  the  annual  subscriptions, 
amounted  to  $666.30.  The  operating  expenses  for  the  year 
were  $531.71  and  two  hundred  and  thirty-nine  patients  were 
treated.  The  hospital  ward,  fitted  up  at  the  opening  of  the 
dispensary,  was  closed  for  want  of  funds  to  properly  main- 
tain it. 

Section  IV. — The  Camden  District  Medicae  Society. 

[1865.]  But  little  of  interest  occurred  in  the  society 
during  the  year.  A  resolution,  imposing  a  fine  of  one  dollar 
for  non-attendance,  except  in  sickness,  was  adopted,  and  a 
refusal  to  pay  the  same  for  three  consecutive  meetings  forfeited 
the  rights  of  membership.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  the  presi- 
dent, delivered  an  address  on  "The  Final  Report  of  the 
Provost-Marshal";  Dr.  O.  H.Taylor  read  the  report  of  the 
standing  committee,  and  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  2d,  read  a 
paper  on  "The  Work  of  the  Mower  U.  S.  Hospital  from  its 
Opening,  January  2,  1863,  to  May  31,  1865."  This  hospital 
was  located  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Pennsylvania,  and  had  a  capacity 
of  three  thousand,  six  hundred  beds.  Dr.  Hendry  served  on 
its  surgical  staff,  after  his  resignation  from  the  United  States 
Volunteer  Service.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  elected  president 
of  the  society;  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  vice-president,  and  Doctors 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  93 

Cooper,  Stevenson  and  Young  were  elected  members  of  the 
standing  committee.  The  name  of  the  secretary  and  treasurer 
is  not  recorded.  Dr.  W.  S.  Bishop,  U.  S.  N.,  a  graduate  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1842,  was  elected  an  honorary  mem- 
ber. Doctors  A.  D.  Woodruff  and  C.  D.  Hendry,  of  Haddon- 
field,  who  had  moved  to  Philadelphia,  were  allowed  to  retain 
their  membership. 

[1866.]  The  society  convened  this  year  at  the  West 
Jersey  Hotel,  June  19th,  with  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  in  the  chair, 
who  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Surgery  of  the  Rebellion." 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  presented  the  report  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee; Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  was  elected  president;  Dr. 
James  M.  Ridge,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  and  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  of  Camden,  and 
Dr.  Jonathan  J.  Comfort,  of  Haddonfield,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1859,  were  elected  members.  Rev.  Joseph 
F.  Garrison,  M.  D.,  was  elected  an  honorary  member. 

[1867.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  changed, 
by  a  constitutional  provision,  to  the  second  Tuesday  in  May, 
because  of  the  change  of  time  for  the  meeting  of  the  State 
Medical  Society.  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  delivered  an  address 
on  "Hypodermatic  Medication,"  a  method  of  treatment  then 
coming  into  vogue,  which  he  was  the  first  to  introduce  into 
Camden  in  the  treatment  of  a  case  of  tetanus.  Dr.  Marcy  used 
this  method  with  signal  success  in  the  cholera  epidemic  of  the 
preceding  year,  and  was  the  first  physician  to  use  strychnia 
hypodermatically  for  the  treatment  of  collapse.  In  the  county, 
Dr.  Henry  K.  Branin,  of  Blackwood,  was  the  first  physician  to 
employ  hypodermatic  medication.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  read  the 
report  of  the  standing  committee ;  Dr.  J.  M.  Ridge  was  elected 
president;  Dr.  J.  J.  Comfort,  vice-president;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Doctors  Peter  V.  Schenck, 
A.  M.  Mecray,  T.  J.  Smith  and  J.  N.  Achuff,  of  Camden,  and 
John  L,.  Sullivan,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1856, 
and  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  of  Gloucester,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1864,  were  elected  members. 

[1868.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  May  12th. 
Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  delivered  an  address  on  "Criminal  Abor- 


94  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

tion" ;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  read  the  report  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee, and  Dr.  I.  G.  Young  read  a  paper  on,  and  presented  a 
specimen  of,  "Cancer  of  the  Stomach."  Dr.  J.  J.  Comfort,  of 
Haddonfield,  was  elected  president;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  vice- 
president;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Dr.  J.  Orlando  White,  a  member.  The  regular  delegates  were 
appointed. 

[1869.]  At  the  annual  meeting  in  May,  the  County 
Society  was  chiefly  occupied  in  considering  the  code  of  medical 
ethics.  Dr.  J.  J.  Comfort  delivered  an  address  on  "Functions 
of  this  Society  in  Affiliation  with  other  Societies,"  in  which  he 
cited  the  consultation  of  Philadelphia  surgeons  with  a  homoeo- 
pathic physician  in  Haddonfield.  This  led  to  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  to  investigate  the  allegation,  with  instructions 
to  report  the  results  of  the  same  to  the  State  Medical  Society. 
Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  was  appointed  to  prepare  a  historical  sketch 
of  the  society  for  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary  in  187 1  ;  Dr.  A. 
M.  Mecray  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Dr.  Cooper,  chairman  of  the  standing  committe.  The  society, 
at  this  time,  numbered  nineteen  members. 

Section  V. — Cholera. 

[1865.]  The  prevalence  of  cholera  in  Europe,  this  year, 
called  forth  the  best  quarantine  measures  of  the  period  to 
prevent  its  appearance  in  this  country.  The  medical  profes- 
sion of  Camden  were  abreast  of  the  times  in  this  matter. 
Mindful  of  its  visitation,  in  epidemic  form,  in  Camden  in  1832, 
'49  and  '54,  a  meeting  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society 
was  called  on  September  7th,  and  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Doctors  J.  R.  Stevenson,  L.  F.  Fisler,  I.  S.  Mulford  and  T.  F. 
Cullen,  was  appointed  "to  confer  and  to  take  measures  with 
City  Council  to  prevent  an  invasion  of  the  disease."  The 
committee  met  on  the  9th,  and  memorialized  Council  to  call  a 
special  meeting,  which  was  held  on  the  16th,  when  its  sanitary 
committee  was  given  plenary  powers  over  sanitary  matters  and 
instructed  to  meet  in  conference  the  special   committee  of  the 


Cholera.  95 

City  Medical  Society.  A  joint  meeting  of  the  committees  was 
held  on  the  19th,  when  arrangements  were  made  for  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  city,  and  Dr.  L,.  F.  Fisler,  as  the  representative  of  the 
committee  from  the  City  Medical  Society,  and  Benjamin  F. 
Archer,  as  a  member  of  the  sanitary  committee  of  Council, 
were  appointed  to  prepare  a  circular  of  information  and  advice 
to  be  printed  and  distributed  throughout  the  city.  So  thorough 
was  the  work  of  the  committees  that,  at  a  joint  meeting  held 
on  November  13th,  the  city  was  reported  to  be  in  good  sanitary 
condition. 

[1866.]  In  April,  cholera,  so  prevalent  in  Europe,  invaded 
New  York  City  and  gradually  spread  throughout  the  country. 
Further  sanitary  precautions  were  taken  in  Camden,  and,  in 
order  that  the  best  results  might  be  obtained,  City  Council 
empowered  the  special  committee  of  the  City  Medical  Society 
"to  execute  any  measure  they  might  adopt  to  resist  an  inva- 
sion of  cholera."  Notwithstanding  this  delegated  authority, 
the  disease  appeared  in  Camden  on  June  25th,  and  continued 
with  varying  severity  until  October  20th,  between  which  dates 
thirty-nine  cases  were  reported  with  thirty  deaths.*  It  was 
most  prevalent  at  Second  and  Mickle  and  Second  and  Line 
streets,  and  at  Ninth  and  Chestnut  streets.  One  case  occurred 
at  Winslow. 

The  prevalence  of  cholera  in  New  Jersey,  in  1866,  led  to 
the  appointment  of  a  State  Sanitary  Commission,  by  Governor 
Marcus  L,.  Ward,  with  instruction  to  furnish  the  Executive 
with  such  advice  and  information  as  they  might  deem  impor- 
tant, in  reference  to  cholera.  The  commission  consisted  of 
Doctors  E.  M.  Hunt,  S.  B.  Coleman,  Thomas  Ryerson  and  I.  A. 
Nichols,  and  R.  M.  Cooper,  of  Camden.  The  public  was 
informed,  through  the  press,  of  the  course  and  nature  of  the 
disease  and  the  methods  of  prevention,  and,  by  means  of  the 
restrictions  placed  upon  public  travel  and  public  highways,  the 
disease  did  not  become  generally  epidemic  throughout  the 
State,  although  there  were  two  hundred  fatal  cases  reported 
by  the  commission  during  the  year.f 

*  History  of  Cholera  in  Camden  in  1S66,  by  John  R.  Stevenson,  A.  M. ,  M.  D. 
t  The  Progress  of  Sanitation  in  New  Jersey,  by  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 


96  History  Medical  Profession  Camdeii  County. 

Section  VI. — Miscellaneous. 

A.      THE   MILITARY   ORDER   OE  THE   LOYAL   LEGION   OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 

[1865.]  Following  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln, 
April  14,  1865,  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  Samuel  B.  Wylie 
Mitchell,  M.  D.,  Surgeon,  Eighth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry ;  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel T.  Elwood  Zell,  Third  Pennsylvania  Infantry, 
and  Captain  Peter  D.  Keyser,  M.  D.,  Ninety-first  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  and  late  acting  assistant  surgeon  United  States  Army, 
organized  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  April  15th, 
to  aid  in  maintaining  the  supremacy  of  the  National  Govern- 
ment at  that  critical  period  of  its  history,  to  commemorate  the 
efforts  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  the  principles  for  which  he  con- 
tended, and  to  strengthen  the  friendships  of  the  officers  of  the 
Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States,  formed  by 
companionship  in  arms.  Like  the  inception  and  organization  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  the  Sons  of  Veterans, 
the  principles  and  objects  of  the  Order  were  largely  conceived 
and  put  into  execution  by  a  physician. 

While  less  representative  of  the  civil  conflict  than  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
has  grown  to  national  proportions  and  bears  the  same  relation- 
ship to  the  Civil  War  that  the  Order  of  the  Cincinnati  bears 
to  the  Revolution.  The  officers  from  Camden  county,  who 
served  in  the  Civil  War  and  belong  to  the  Order,  are  members 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Commandery,  having  joined  on  the  follow- 
ing dates:  Brevet  Major-General  William  J.  Sewell,  in  1868; 
Major  John  M.  McGrath,  Surgeon  Seventy-eighth  Regiment, 
P.  V.,  1874;  Dr.  Henry  F.  Chew,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Twelfth 
Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  1881;  Captain  George  E.  Wilson,  Sixth 
Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  1877 ;  Lieutenant  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Eighth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  1888,  and  Major 
D.  H.  Bartine,  Surgeon,  One  Hundred  and  Twelfth  Regiment, 
P.  V.  Major  Hamilton  Markley,  of  the  National  Guard  of 
New  Jersey,  became  a  junior  member  in  1891. 

B.       NATIONAL  GUARD  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

[1869.]  On  March  9th,  the  old  militia  law  of  the  State 
was  repealed    and  an  Act,   establishing   the  present  National 


Miscellaneous.  97 

Guard,  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  and  approved  by  the 
Governor.  The  military  companies  of  West  Jersey  were, 
by  order  of  General  Runyon,  consolidated  into  the  Fifth 
Battalion,  Second  Brigade,  First  Division,  under  command  of 
Major  E.  G.  Jackson,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  appointed 
major  and  surgeon  on  Major  Jackson's  staff,  and  commissioned 
December  1,  1869.  Under  the  Act  of  organization,  a  medi- 
cal department  was  provided  for  in  the  National  Guard,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  surgeon-general,  who  was  given  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  The  Act  also  provided  for  the 
examination  of  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  in  medicine 
and  surgery  by  the  surgeon-general,  or  a  medical  officer  desig- 
nated by  him  for  that  purpose,  before  a  commission  could 
be  issued  by  the  Governor.  This  placed  the  medical  depart- 
ment on  a  high  professional  basis.  Dr.  Theodore  R.  Varick 
was  commissioned  surgeon-general  October  5,  1869,  succeeding 
Dr.  Lewis  W.  Oakley,  who  had  served  since  December  27, 
1865. 

C.       EDUCATIONAL. 

[1865.]  The  physicians  of  Camden  exerted  a  marked 
influence  in  educational  matters  during  this  period.  The 
early  efforts  of  Dr.  I.  S.  Mulford  in  securing  an  enactment 
providing  a  tax  for  school  purposes  ;  the  establishment  of  the 
Board  of  Education  for  Camden  and  the  creation  of  county 
superintendents  for  the  public  schools,  promoted,  in  a  great 
degree,  the  cause  of  education.  In  this  year,  Doctors  Sylvester 
Birdsell  and  Thomas  G.  Rowand  served  as  members  of  the 
Camden  Board  of  Education,  and  Doctors  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler, 
Thomas  F.  Cullen  and  James  M.  Ridge  were  appointed  censors 
of  the  Philotechnic  Institute,  established  by  Rudolphus  Bing- 
ham.* In  1867,  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Camden,  and  served  also  as 
a  member  during  1868. 

D.       DRUG    INTERESTS. 

[1865.]  The  drug  interests  were  extended  this  year  by  the 
opening  of  a  drug-store,  at  the  corner  of  Second  and  Main 

"Camden  Democrat. 


98  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

streets,  by  Martin  Goldsmith,  now  owned  by  George  J.  Pechin ; 
by  the  purchase,  in  1866,  of  the  drug-store  of  Dr.  M.  West,  at 
Fourth  and  Walnut  streets,  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  and  since 
owned  successively  by  Doctors  C.  M.  Schellenger,  C.  G.  Hoell 
and  W.  W.  Kaighn;  by  the  purchase  of  a  store  at  Third  and  Line 
streets,  by  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast,  which  was  subsequently  removed 
to  Fifth  and  Clinton  streets,  and  by  the  establishment  of  a  store 
on  West  street,  by  Doctors  Cullen  and  Ridge,  which  was  pur- 
chased by  Dr.  T.  G.  Rowand,  moved  to  Fifth  and  Benson 
streets,*  and  now  occupied  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Lippincott. 

E.      MASONIC  INTERESTS. 

Since  the  time  of  Colonel  Daniel  Coxe,  provincial  grand- 
master of  the  Masonic  fraternity  of  New  Jersey,  and  son  of  Dr. 
Daniel  Coxe,  governor  of  West  Jersey  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  proprietary  period  of  the  Friends,  the  order  of  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons  has  had  a  continuous  existence  in  New  Jersey. 
Camden  Lodge,  No.  15,  was  originally  instituted  in  1821,  but 
surrendered  its  charter  in  1842,  and  reorganized  in  1850.  With 
this  lodge  many  physicians  have  been  connected ;  among  them 
the  names  of  Doctors  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  Charles  W.  Sartori,  H. 
F.  Hunt,  W.  H.  Malin,  Maximilian  West,  Alexander  Marcy,  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  George  R.  Fortiner,  M.  F.  Middleton,  William 
C.  Mulford,  P.  W.  Beale,  W.  A.  Davis,  C.  G.  Hoell,  Rowland 
I.  Haines  and  W.  S.  Moslander  appear.  Dr.  Charles  W.  Sar- 
tori attained  the  position  of  Master ;  Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen 
withdrew  upon  connecting  himself  with  the  Roman 
[1867.]  Catholic  Church.  In  1867,  Siloam  Royal  Arch  Chap- 
ter, No.  19,  was  organized,  and  the  following  phy- 
sicians are,  or  have  been,  connected  with  it:  Doctors  D.  P. 
Pancoast,  H.  H.  Davis,  W.  R.  Powell,  G.  T.  Robinson,  E.  S. 
Wynn,  C.J.  Cooper,  J.  D.  Leckner,  C.  G.  Hoell,  L.  L.  Sharp  and 
Harry  Jarrett,  of  Camden ;  James  A.  Walmsley,  of 
[1868.]  Gloucester,  and  Henry  E.  Branin,  of  Blackwood.  In 
1868,  Cyrene  Commandery,  No.  7,  K.  T.,  was  chartered 
and  organized,  with  Doctors  William  H.  Malin  and  Frederick 
P.  Pfeiffer  among  its  constituent  members.     Members  of  the 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 


Ho  m  ceo  pa  th\  >.  99 

medical  fraternity  who  have  joined  the  commandery  are 
Doctors  H.  H.  Davis,  J.  D.  Leckner,  George  T.  Robinson, 
L.  L.  Sharp,  James  A.  Walmsley  and  Harry  Jarrett. 

Ionic  Lodge,  No.  94,  was  instituted,  in  1868,  as  an  out- 
growth of  Camden  Lodge,  with  Doctors  Charles  W.  Sartori, 
Alexander  M.  Mecray  and  Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer  among  its 
charter  members.  In  its  membership,  the  names  of  Doctors  J. 
N.  Achuff,  J.  H.  Austin,  C.  J.  Cooper,  H.  H.  Davis,  George  R. 
Fortiner,  N.  B.  Jennings,  J.  D.  Leckner  and  T.  J.  Rowand  ap- 
pear. Dr.  Leckner  became  Master  in  1886;  Dr.  Pfeiffer,  with 
others,  instituted  Mozart  Lodge,  No.  121,  in  1871,  and  Dr. 
Jennings  became  a  charter  member  of  Haddonfield  Lodge,  No. 
130,  in  1872.  Doctors  Charles  H.  Jennings  and  John  W. 
Marcy  have  held  official  positions  in  Merchantville  Masonic 
Lodge,  and  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  Florence  Lodge  of  Woodbury. 

Section  VII. — Homoeopathy. 

A.       AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 

[1867.]  The  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  was 
established,  in  1844,  for  the  improvement  of  homoeopathic 
therapeutics  and  other  departments  of  medical  science.  It 
was  organized  the  year  that  Dr.  Samuel  Hahnemann  died,  and 
has  done  much  to  disseminate  his  medical  doctrine.  In 
1867,  Dr.  H.  F.  Hunt,  of  Camden,  became  a  member  and, 
since  then,  Doctors  M.  F.  Middleton,  in  1869;  Wallace  Mc- 
George  and  Bowman  H.  Shivers,  in  187 1 ;  Anna  E.  Griffith,  in 
1 881;  E.  M.  Howard,  in  1883;  Jerome  L.  Artz,  Thomas  R. 
Blackwood,  Franklin  E.  Williams  and  George  D.  Woodward, 
in  1 89 1 ;  George  R.  Fortiner,  Ida  F.  Fortiner,  Henry  A.  Lacey 
and  S.  Bryan  Smith,  in  1892,  have  become  connected  with  it. 
The  Institute  was  founded  largely  by  Philadelphia  physicians, 
who,  in  1848,  founded  the  first  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
in  this  country;  viz.,  The  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1867,  this  college  was  consolidated  with  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  and  its  gradu- 
ates will  be  credited  to  Hahnemann  College. 


ioo  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

B.       THE  WEST  JERSEY  HOMCEOPATHIC  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

[1869.]  This  society  was  organized  in  Camden,  on  the 
third  Wednesday  of  May  1869,  in  response -to  a  call  issued  to 
the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  West  Jersey,  by  Doctors  Wal- 
lace McGeorge,  of  Hightstown ;  R.  M.  Wilkinson,  of  Trenton  ; 
Henry  F.  Hunt,  of  Camden;  J.  G.  Street,  of  Bridgeton,  and 
Walter  Ward,  of  Mt.  Holfy.  The  invitation  was  accepted  by  a 
large  number  of  physicians,  among  whom  were  Doctors  W.  H. 
Malm,  M.  F.  Middleton  and  J.  H.  Austin,  of  Camden.  An 
organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Alexander 
Kirkpatrick,  of  Burlington,  as  president;  Dr.  Wallace  Mc- 
George, of  Hightstown,  as  secretary,  and  included  the  following 
members :  Doctors  D.  R.  Gardiner,  of  Woodbury ;  R.  M. 
Wilkinson,  of  Trenton ;  J.  G.  Street,  of  Bridgeton ;  Wallace 
McGeorge,  of  Hightstown ;  Isaac  Cooper,  of  Mullica  Hill ;  E. 
R.  Bancroft,  of  Mt.  Holly ;  E.  K.  Phillips,  of  Cape  May ;  S.  E. 
Allen,  of  Trenton;  L.  W.  Brown,  of  Vineland;  Alexander 
Kirkpatrick,  of  Burlington;  David  E.  Gardiner,  of  Borden- 
town;  M.  W.  Wallins,  of  Woodstown,  and  W.  H.  Malin,  H. 
F.  Hunt,  M.  F.  Middleton  and  J.  H.  Austin,  of  Camden. 
The  society  adopted  the  code  of  ethics  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  established  a  uniform  fee-bill  and 
provided  for  quarterly  meetings.  It  contributed  materially 
towards  securing,  in  1870,  a  charter  for  the  New  Jersey  State 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  and  the  adoption  of  a  three 
years'  graded  course  of  study  in  homoeopathic  medical  colleges. 
The  society  has  unified  the  interests  of  the  homceopathists  of 
West  Jersey  and  advanced  their  standard  of  medical  practice. 
The  following  Camden  count)'  physicians  became  members  of 
the  society  on  the  accompanying  dates:  In  1869,  Doctors 
Wallace  McGeorge,  W.  H.  Malin,  H.  F.  Hunt,  J.  H.  Austin,  M. 
F.  Middleton,  P.  W.  Andrews  and  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer,  of  Camden ; 
in  1870,  Doctors  Richard  Gardiner,  Jr.,  of  Gloucester  City; 
Joseph  Shreve,  of  Berlin,  and  Charles  W.  Perkins,  of  Marlton  ; 
in  187 1,  Dr.  Bowman  H.  Shivers,  of  Haddonfield ;  in  1872,  Dr. 
Clark  J.  Cooper,  of  Camden;  in  1873,  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Black- 
wood, of  Camden  ;  in  1876,  Dr.  Anna  E.  Griffith,  of  Camden; 
in  1878,  Dr.  Joseph  G.  Edwards,  of  Blackwood,  and   Doctors 


Homoeopathy.  ior 

Silas  H.  Quint  and  E.  M.  Howard,  of  Camden  ;  in  1879,  Dr-  Eli 
R.  Tullis,  of  Camden;  in  1880,  Dr.  Franklin  E.  Williams,  of 
Haddonfield;  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner,  of  Camden,  and  Dr.  William 
G.  DuBois,  of  Gloucester  City ;  in  1881,  Dr.  Robert  H.  Peacock, 
of  Berlin;  in  1884,  Dr.  J.  K.  Bryant,  of  Camden;  in  1886,  Dr. 
George  D.  Woodward,  of  Camden,  and  Dr.  E.  B.  Sharp,  of 
Marlton;  in  1887,  Dr.  Jacob  M.  Hinson,  Jr.,  of  Merchantville, 
and  Dr.  Jerome  Artz,  of  Dudley;  in  1888,  Dr.  George  R. 
Fortiner,  of  Camden;  in  1889,  Doctors  S.  Bryan  Smith,  C.  J. 
Wallace  and  William  S.  Moslander,  of  Camden ;  E.  K.  McGill, 
of  Collingswood,  and  James  A.  George,  of  Cramer's  Hill ;  in 
1890,  Dr.  Frederick  M.  Eaton,  of  Camden;  in  1892,  Dr.  Oscar 
L.  Grumbrecht,  of  Camden;  in  1893,  Dr.  William  W.  Knowl- 
ton,  of  Camden,  and,  in  1 894,  Doctors  H.  C.  Garrison,  Emerson 
P.  McGeorge,  Allen  S.  Ironside  and  William  G.  Gardiner. 

The  following  Camden  county  physicians  have  served 
as  president:  Dr.  Henry  F.  Hunt,  in  1873;  ^r-  Wallace 
McGeorge,  1876 ;  Dr.  Clark  J.  Cooper,  1877  ;  Dr.  Silas  H. 
Quint,  1879  ;  Dr.  E.  R.  Tullis,  1887  ;  Dr.  M.  F.  Middleton, 
1888  ;  Dr.  T.  R.  Blackwood,  1890;  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  1891, 
and  Dr.  George  D.  Woodward,  in  1893.  As  vice-president,  Dr. 
P.  W.  Andrews  served  in  1878;  Dr.  C.  J.  Cooper,  1879  ;  Dr.  E. 
M.  Howard,  1880,  '81,  '82  and  '83;  Dr.  R.  H.  Peacock,  1884 
and  1885,  and  Dr.  E.  R.  Tullis,  1886.  As  recording  secretary, 
Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge  served  from  1869  to  1876,  and  from 
1876  to  1880;  Dr.  S.  H.  Quint,  1880;  Dr.  R.  H.  Peacock, 
1882;  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  1884  to  1888;  Dr.  George  D.  Wood- 
ward, 1888,  and  Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge  from  1890  to  the 
present  time  (1895).  In  1884,  Dr.  Anna  E.  Griffith  was  elected 
treasurer  and  still  retains  the  office.  Delegates  have  been  regu- 
larly appointed  to  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  and 
to  the  New  Jersey  State  Homoeopathic  Society,  and  the 
homoeopathic  profession  of  West  Jersey  has  been  kept  in  touch 
with  State  and  National  medical  interests,  while  important 
papers  have  been  presented  from  the  Bureau  of  Medicine,  Sur- 
gery, Obstetrics  and  Gynecology,  at  each  quarterly  session.  In 
1890,  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  met  at  Atlantic 
City,  upon  invitation  of  the  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medi- 


102  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

cal    Society,    and   in    May,    1894,    the   society   celebrated   its 
twenty-fifth  anniversary  in  Camden.* 

Section  VIII. — The  Camden  Home  for  Friendless 

Children. 

[1865.]  The  Camden  Home  for  Friendless  Children  was 
incorporated  April  6,  1865,  for  "the  object  and  design  of  afford- 
ing a  home,  food,  clothing  and  schooling  for  destitute,  friendless 
children  and,  at  a  suitable  age,  to  place  them  with  respectable 
families  to  learn  some  useful  trade  or  occupation."  The 
corporate  charter  was  granted  unto  Matthew  Newkirk,  Elijah 
G.  Cattell,  James  H.  Stevens,  George  W.  N.  Curtis,  J.  Earl 
Atkinson,  Joseph  C.  De  La  Cour,  Joseph  D.  Reinboth,  Robert 
B.  Potts,  Jesse  W.  Starr,  Edmund  E.  Reed,  John  R.  Graham, 
Benjamin  H.  Browning,  S.  M.  Stimson,  P.  C.  Brick,  John 
Aikman,  Thomas  P.  Carpenter,  Elisha  V.  Glover,  Thomas  B. 
Atkinson,  Isaac  L.  Lowe  and  Peter  L.  Voorhees. 

The  Home  is  organized  upon  a  liberal  basis,  and  children  are 
admitted  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of  Managers  and  cared 
for  under  specific,  charter  provisions.  It  is  sustained  by  volun- 
tary contributions.  The  affairs  of  the  Home  are  conducted  by 
a  Board  of  Managers,  consisting  of  twenty-four  ladies,  and 
a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting  of  twenty  gentlemen.  In  the 
report  for  1894,  the  managers  comprised  the  following  ladies  : 
Miss  E.  L.  Few  Smith,  president;  Mrs.  H.  B.  Wilson,  first 
vice-president ;  Mrs.  John  F.  Starr,  second  vice-president ;  Miss 
E.F.Jennings,  treasurer;  Mrs.  George  G.  Felton,  assistant 
treasurer ;  Mrs.  J.  A.  Vansant,  recording  secretary ;  Mrs.  Joseph 
H.  Watson,  corresponding  secretary,  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Elverson, 
Mrs.  Joseph  J.  Read,  Mrs.  John  T.  Bottomly,  Mrs.  Charles 
Hollingshed,  Mrs.  George  F.  Archer,  Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Grey, 
Mrs.  L.  H.  Goldy,  Miss  S.  Fitzwater,  Mrs.  F.  Wayland  Ayer, 
Mrs.  Horace  M.  Sharp,  Mrs.  George  E.  Wilson,  Mrs.  H.  Alex- 
ander, Mrs.  C.  V.  D.  Joline,  Mrs.  J.  L.  Nicholson,  of  Camden, 
and  Mrs.  Charles  Rhoads  and  Mrs.  George  Glover,  of  Haddon- 
field.       The    following   gentlemen    constituted    the    Board    of 

*MS.  Historical  Sketch  of  the  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  by  Wallace 
McGeorge,  M.  D. 


Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians.  103 

Trustees  in  1894 :  Charles  Rhoads,  president ;  Henry  B.  Wilson, 
first  vice-president;  Joseph  J.  Read,  second  vice-president; 
N.  F.  Cowan,  treasurer;  H.  B.  Hanford,  secretary,  and  Dr.  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  John  T.  Bottomly,  Hon.  L,.  T.  Derousse, 
Hon.  John  F.  Starr,  Maurice  Browning,  William  Severns, 
David  M.  Chambers,  Samuel  H.  Grey,  Judge  E.  A.  Armstrong, 
Dr.  H.  H.  Davis,  George  A.  Munger,  Hon.  Edward  Bettle, 
J.  A.  Vansant  and  George  E.  Taylor.  The  medical  staff 
consisted  of  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  physician-in-chief;  Dr. 
William  R.  Powell,  Dr.  G.  T.  Robinson,  Dr.  Alexander 
McAlister,  Dr.  Orange  W.  Braymer,  Dr.  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger, 
Dr.  John  G.  Doron,  Dr.  William  H.  Pratt  and  Dr.  Joseph 
E.  Nicholson.  Solicitors,  Samuel  H.  Grey  and  Judge  Howard 
Carrow ;  matron,  Miss  Elizabeth  N.  Butcher ;  teacher,  Miss 
Sarah  Brooks.  During  1894,  eighty-seven  children  were 
admitted  and  received  care  at  the  Home.  The  trustees  and 
managers  have  afforded  the  medical  staff  liberal  provisions 
for  the  care  of  the  children  when  sick,  and,  in  compliment 
to  the  medical  profession,  have  permitted  the  managers 
of  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses  to  establish 
clinics  at  the  Home,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  instruction  to 
nurse  pupils. 

Section  IX. — Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians. 

[1865.]  On  December  1st,  Dr.  Henry  Ackley,  United 
States  Navy,  died  in  the  twenty -ninth  year  of  his  age.  Dr. 
Ackley  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Ackley,  of  the  National  State 
Bank  of  Camden.  After  taking  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  he 
was  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1858,  located 
in  Camden  and  became  a  member  of  the  County  Medical 
Society  and,  on  August  14,  1861,  was  commissioned  an 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  United  States  Navy.  He  served 
with  distinction  in  the  East  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  and 
also  in  the  Mississippi  Squadron,  and  participated  in  the  battles 
of  New  Orleans,  Vicksburg  and  in  a  number  of  minor  engage- 
ments, finally  attaining  the  position  of  acting  surgeon-in-chief 
of  the  squadron.* 

*Transactions  of  the  Medical  Societj-  of  New  Jersey,  1S66. 


104  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1868.]  On  June  8th,  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  2d,  died  at 
his  residence  in  Camden.  For  four  generations,  the  Hendrys 
were  representative  physicians  in  Gloucester  and  Camden 
counties.  Dr.  Thomas  Hendry,  of  Woodbury,  the  grand- 
father, served  with  great  distinction  as  a  surgeon  in  the 
Revolution ;  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  of  Haddonfield,  son  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Hendry  and  father  of  Doctors  Bowman  Hendry, 
2d,  and  Charles  D.  Hendry,  served  as  an  assistant  surgeon  in 
the  Whiskey  Insurrection  in  Pennsylvania  in  1794,  and,  after 
locating  at  Haddonfield,  became  the  foremost  physician  in 
Gloucester  county,  while  Dr.  Charles  D.  Hendry  practiced  with 
great  acceptance  at  Haddonfield.  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  2d, 
was  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  1846,  and 
began  medical  practice  at  Gloucester  City  and,  in  the  following 
year,  joined  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  of  which  he 
was  president  in  1869.  In  1862,  he  was  commissioned  assistant 
surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  N.  J.  V.,  and  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Civil  War  until  mustered  out  of  service 
with  his  regiment  in  1864.  He  then  accepted  a  position  on 
the  surgical  staff  of  Mower  Hospital  for  a  short  time,  after 
which  he  began  medical  practice  in  Camden,  where  he  resided 
until  his  death. 

Dr.  William  S.  Bishop,  United  States  Navy,  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  and  an 
incorporator  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  died  December 
28th.  Dr.  Bishop  was  commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon  in 
the  United  States  Navy,  May  11,  1844,  and  served  in  nearly 
every  quarter  of  the  globe.* 

[1869.]  Dr.  Charles  D.  Hendry,  of  Haddonfield,  died 
April  25  th,  of  apoplexy.  Dr.  Hendry,  who  was  the  grandson 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Hendry  and  also,  on  his  mother's  side,  of  Dr. 
Duffield,  of  Philadelphia,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry, 
1st,  and  the  father  of  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  3d,  thus  making 
the  four  generations  of  physicians  in  the  Hendry  family.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1832, 
and  began  practice  at  Haddonfield,  where  he  continued  for 
thirty-two    years.     He    was    distinguished    for    his    ability    in 

transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1869. 


Deaths  of  Prominent  Physicians.  105 

diagnosis  ;  served  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Censors  for  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  from  1847  to  1862;  was  a 
charter  member  of  the  society  and  its  president  in  1852  and 
1853.  Dr.  Hendry  was  a  constituent  member  of  Grace  P. 
E.  Church  in  Haddonfield.  He  was  interred  at  Colestown 
Cemetery.* 

Dr.  Othniel  H.  Taylor  died  of  pneumonia  at  his  residence 
in  Camden,  September  5th.  Dr.  Taylor  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1825,  and  began  practice  in 
Philadelphia.  In  the  epidemic  of  cholera  in  1832,  he  volun- 
teered his  services  to  the  municipal  authorities  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  was  made  consulting  physician  to  their  sanitary 
board  and  placed  in  charge  of  St.  Augustine's  Hospital,  where 
five  hundred  and  twelve  cholera  patients  were  treated.  Dr. 
Taylor,  with  others,  was  appointed  to  visit  Canada,  where 
the  epidemic  first  appeared,  to  study  its  nature  and  treatment, 
but  was  obliged  to  decline.  For  his  public  services  during 
the  epidemic,  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Philadelphia  City 
Council,  and  was  presented  with  a  service  of  silver,  "  as  a  token  of 
regard  for  intrepid  and  distinguished  services."  In  1844,  Dr. 
Taylor  located  in  Camden,  and  at  once  took  a  commanding 
position  in  the  medical  profession.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  in  1846,  and  was 
made  its  first  vice-president.  In  the  same  year,  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  censors  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  for 
Camden  county,  and  was  made  one  of  the  delegates  to  represent 
that  society  at  the  organization  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. In  1849,  ne  was  elected  third  vice-president  of  the 
State  Medical  Society,  and,  out  of  compliment  to  him,  the 
semi-annual  meeting  of  that  year  was  held  in  Camden.  At  that 
meeting  he  delivered  his  celebrated  address  on  "  Medical  Reform 
and  the  Present  System  of  Medical  Instruction,"  which  has 
been  noticed  in  connection  with  the  medical  enactments  of 
1851  and  1854.  In  1850,  he  was  elected  second  vice-president  of 
the  State  Medical  Society;  in  1852,  its  president;  after  which 
he  became  a  Fellow  of  the  society.  In  1853,  ne  was  one  °f 
the  organizers  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society ;  wrote  its 

transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1869. 


106  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

constitution  and  by-laws,  and  subsequently  became  its  president. 
In  1856,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Camden  County  Medi- 
cal Society.  In  1859,  he  endeavored  to  establish  a  dispensary 
in  Camden,  and  was  unsuccessful ;  but  in  1865,  when  the  North 
Ward  Bounty  Association  made  the  project  possible,  Dr.  Taylor 
presented  the  plans  of  organization,  which  were  adopted,  and 
became  one  of  its  incorporators  in  1867.  Dr.  Taylor  was  a 
versatile  and  prolific  writer  on  medical  subjects,  one  of  his  best 
efforts  being  on  the  "Topography  of  Camden  County."  Ac- 
tive in  politics  and  an  ardent  Whig,  he  became  a  candidate  for 
Mayor  of  Camden  in  1851,  but  was  defeated  by  Dr.  Lorenzo  F. 
Fisler,  the  American  candidate.  In  religion  Dr.  Taylor  took 
an  active  part,  especially  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  following  in  the 
footsteps  of  Dr.  Samuel  Harris  and  Dr.  Bowman  Hendry,  1st, 
who  were  associated  with  the  church  at  its  organization  in 
1830.  Dr.  Taylor  gave  to  his  profession  all  the  energies  of  his 
life.  Dr.  Reynell  Coates  said  of  him:  "His  death  brought 
gloom  over  hundreds  of  families  who  had  placed  confidence  in 
his  skill  and  value  in  his  friendship."  He  left  three  children — 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  who  is  prominent  in  the  medical  affairs 
of  the  State ;  Othniel  G.  Taylor,  pharmacist  and  superintendent 
of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  for  twenty  years,  and  Marma- 
duke  B.  Taylor,  an  eminent  lawyer,  who  was  regarded  as  "the 
legal  guardian  of  the  medical  profession."  * 


Among  the  physicians  who  located  in  Camden,  between 
1865  and  1870,  are  the  following:  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  a  gradu- 
ate of  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  in  i860,  and  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1863 ;  Dr.  Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer, 
a  graduate  of  Penn  Medical  College,  in  1863,  and  an  ex-army 
surgeon,  and  Dr.  Isaac  N.  Hugg,  graduate  of  Philadelphia 
University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  In  1866,  Dr.  David 
Hedding  Bartine,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1862,  acting  assistant  surgeon  at  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Phila- 
delphia, in  1862,  and  an  ex-army  surgeon,  1862  to  1866, 
located  in  Merchantville. 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1870. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

THE  PERIOD  FROM  1870  TO  1875. 

Section  I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1870.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  dispensary  was  held, 
January  nth,  when  the  report  of  the  fiscal  year  showed  an 
income  of  $793.51,  including  an  appropriation  of  $300.00 
from  City  Council.  The  beneficiaries  for  the  year  numbered 
two  hundred  and  eleven.  Colonel  Thomas  McKean,  Thomas 
A.  Wilson,  John  Morgan,  Richard  W.  Test  and  Joseph  L.  De  La 
Cour  were  elected  to  the  Board  of  Managers,  as  the  representa- 
tives of  the  contributors,  and  Doctors  R.  M.  Cooper,  J.  M. 
Ridge,  J.  V.  Schenck,  H.  Genet  Taylor  and  A.  M.  Mecray, 
as  the  representatives  of  the  City  Medical  Society.  Thomas 
A.  Wilson  was  elected  president  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer. 

[187 1.]  The  report  for  the  past  year  showed  an  income 
of  $1,062. 19;  the  number  of  cases  treated  was  three  hundred 
and  thirty-four.  The  Board  of  Managers  consisted  of  the  same 
officers  and  members  as  in  the  preceding  year. 

[1872.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  managers  was  held, 
January  9th,  and  the  representatives  of  the  contributors  were 
re-elected,  with  the  exception  of  Richard  W.  Test,  who  was 
succeeded  by  Joseph  W.  Cooper.  Doctors  Cooper,  Schenck, 
Ridge,  Marcy,  Taylor  and  White  were  elected  to  represent  the 
City  Medical  Society.  Thomas  A.  Wilson  was  elected 
president;  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Doctors  Cooper,  Taylor,  Mecray  and  White  were  elected  attend- 
ing physicians.  An  extra  appropriation  was  secured  from 
Council  because  of  the  prevalence  of  small-pox. 

[1873.]  Notwithstanding  the  extra  appropriation  of  the 
preceding  year,  the  funds  of  the  dispensary  were  unable  to 
meet  the  current  demands,  and,  in  consequence,  but  one  meet- 
ing of  the  managers  was  held;  no  election  for  officers  took 
place  and  the  members  of  the  attending  staff  resigned. 

107 


io8  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1874.]  During  the  greater  part  of  1874,  the  dispensary 
was  still  without  attending  physicians.  Efforts  to  secure  an 
increased  appropriation  from  Council,  or  the  appointment  of  a 
salaried  city  physician,  were  unavailing.  Toward  the  close  of 
the  year,  Dr.  William  G.  Taylor  volunteered  his  services  and 
performed  the  clinical  work  of  the  dispensary  alone.  The 
officers  for  the  year  were  John  Morgan,  president ;  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  O.  G.  Taylor,  pharmacist. 
Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Cooper  in  May,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor 
was  elected  secretary  and  Joseph  B.  Cooper  treasurer. 
Dr.  Taylor  has  held  the  office  of  secretary  ever  since.  The 
dispensary  received  a  legacy  of  $1,000.00  from  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper  and  $500.00  from  Esther  L.  Cooper. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1870.]  The  regular  quarterly  meetings  of  the  society 
were  held  during  the  year,  and,  in  addition  to  the  quarterly 
reports,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  read  a  paper  on  "Anaesthesia" 
and  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on 
"Inflammation  of  the  Cellular  Tissue."  Dr.  Charles  A.  Baker, 
druggist  and  physician ;  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast,  a  graduate  of 
Marietta  Academy,  1853,  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy, 
1856,  and  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1859,  an(^ 
Dr.  Randall  W.  Morgan,  a  student  of  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin,  a 
former  pupil  at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy  and  at  Bucknell 
University,  and  a  graduate  of  the  University '  of  Pennsylvania 
during  the  year,  were  elected  members.  Dr.  J.  Orlando  White 
was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Reynell  Coates,  vice-president,  and 
Dr.  Charles  A.  Baker,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

[187 1.]  Regular  meetings  of  the  society  were  held  during 
1 87 1,  but,  at  the  annual  meeting,  the  absence  of  a  quorum  was 
noted  and,  in  consequence,  the  election  of  officers  was  post- 
poned. Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  a  graduate  of  West  Jersey 
Academy,  1861,  of  Princeton  College,  1865,  and  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  187 1;  Doctors  John  R.  Haney, 
William  H.  Ireland,  and  Richardson  B.  Okie,  graduates  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861,  1867  and  1870,  respectively, 
and  Thomas  D.  Westcott,  a  student  at  Bucknell  University  and 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  109 

at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  were  elected  members.  The 
revision  and  amendment  of  the  charter  of  Camden,  approved 
in  February,  by  which  the  boundaries  of  the  city  were 
extended,  provided  for  a  division  of  the  city  into  eight  wards. 
This  called  for  the  re-arrangement  of  the  duties  of  the  dispen- 
sary staff  and  Dr.  R.  B.  Okie  was  appointed  physician  for  the 
First,  Second  and  Eighth  wards;  Dr.  LB.  Mulford  for  the 
Third,  Fourth,  Fifth  and  Sixth  wards  and  Dr.  J.  R.  Haney  for 
the  Seventh  ward.  In  December,  Doctors  Cooper,  Schenck, 
Taylor,  Ridge,  Mecray  and  White  were  elected  managers  for 
the  dispensary. 

[1872.]  No  meetings  of  the  society  were  held  in  March 
or  in  June,  but  in  September,  through  the  influence  of  Doctors 
Cullen  and  White,  the  annual  meeting  was  held  and 
Dr.  White,  the  president,  delivered  an  address,  "On  the  Apathy 
of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  in  those  Interests  and 
Objects  for  which  it  was  Organized."  The  meeting  resulted 
in  the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  the  reorganization  of 
the  society  and  a  revision  of  the  table  of  fees.  Dr.  Reynell 
Coates  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Doctors  Cooper,  Cullen,  Schenck,  Taylor,  Mecray  and  Pancoast, 
managers  for  the  dispensary.  The  December  meeting  was  of 
unusual  interest,  because  of  the  discussion  of  vaccination  and 
revaccination  and  the  consideration  of  the  reorganization  of 
the  society.  Dr.  Cullen,  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
reorganization,  recommended  that  in  the  future  the  meetings 
of  the  society  be  held  at  the  offices  of  members,  instead  of  at 
the  dispensary,  and  invited  the  society  to  hold  its  next  meeting 
at  his  residence.  The  inauguration  of  this  custom  aided 
materially  in  building  up  the  society  and  was  continued  for  a 
number  of  years.  The  revision  of  the  fees  was  referred  to  a 
special  meeting  in  December,  when  Doctors  Cullen  and  White 
presented  a  resolution  increasing  the  regular  fee  for  a  profes- 
sional visit  in  Camden  to  two  dollars  and  the  obstetric  fee  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  dollars.  This  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted,  signed  by  even'  member  of  the  society,  and  published 
in  the  newspapers  of  the  city.     The  effect  was  not  favorable  to 


no  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

the  interests  of  the  regular  profession  of  Camden.  An  oppor- 
tunity was  thus  afforded  to  homoeopathic  physicians  and  others, 
who  charged  but  one  dollar  per  visit,  to  extend  their  practice, 
and,  as  the  increased  fees  met  with  unexpected  disfavor  from 
the  citizens  of  Camden,  the  policy  of  the  society  was  abandoned. 

[1873.]  The  adoption  of  the  Cullen  resolution  greatly 
increased  the  popularity  of  the  meetings,  which  were  regularly 
held  at  the  residences  of  members.  In  July,  a  special  meeting 
was  called  to  consider  cholera,  which  had  appeared  at  New 
Orleans  in  February,  and  gradually  spread  throughout  the 
West,  reaching  New  York  and  Philadelphia  in  September. 
At  this  meeting,  a  special  committee  was  appointed  to  act  in 
conjunction  with  the  sanitary  committee  of  City  Council  and 
to  supervise  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  city.  Three  cases  of 
cholera,  however,  occurred,  one  of  which  proved  fatal.  At  the 
annual  meeting,  Dr.  Reynell  Coates  delivered  an  address  on 
"The  Later  Development  of  the  Microscope";  Dr.  Isaac  B. 
Mulford  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast,  vice-presi- 
dent, secretary  and  treasurer,  and  the  managers  for  the  dispensary 
were  re-elected. 

[1874.]  Considerable  interest  was  expressed  this  year  in 
the  discussion  of  medical  subjects ;  in  an  endeavor  to  induce 
Council  to  enlarge  the  laws  relating  to  the  reports  of  births 
and  deaths,  and  in  the  effort  to  secure  the  appointment,  by 
Council,  of  a  city  physician.  Neither  of  the  requests  to 
Council  were  granted.  At  the  annual  meeting,  Dr.  I.  B. 
Mulford  delivered  the  annual  address ;  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast  was 
elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Haney,  vice-president ;  Dr.  I.  B. 
Mulford,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Dr.  T.  G.  Rowand,  a  graduate  of 
Philadelphia  Medical  College,  1850,  a  member,  and  Doctors 
Cullen,  Schenck,  Taylor,  Mecray,  Ridge  and  Pancoast  were 
elected  managers  for  the  dispensary. 

Section  III. — The  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 

[1870.]  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  District  Society, 
Doctors  J.  J.  Comfort  and  N.  B.  Jennings  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  investigate  the  alleged  violations  of  the  code  of 
ethics,  in  Camden  county.     They  reported  that  Professors  S.  D. 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  1 1 1 

Gross  and  Joseph  Pancoast,  of  Jefferson  College,  had  held  con- 
sultations with  an  irregular  practitioner  of  the  county ;  that 
correspondence  had  been  held  with  the  physicians  named; 
that  the  matter  had  been  presented  to  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey  and  referred  by  that  body  to  the  Medical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania.  The  charges  against  Dr.  Pancoast  were  ulti- 
mately withdrawn,  upon  his  explanation,  and  those  against 
Dr.  Gross  were  dropped  after  they  had  been  heard  and 
dismissed  by  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society.  In  this 
case,  the  County  Society  was  clearly  in  the  wrong  because 
sufficient  opportunity  was  not  given  Dr.  Gross  to  explain  his 
position,  as  is  shown  in  his  communications  with  the  society. 
As  in  the  Risley  and  Fisler  controversies,  the  society  acted  upon 
ex  parte  testimony,  and  was  compelled  to  drop  the  charge 
because  the  point  of  the  discussion  was  explained  away. 

For  the  first  time  in  several  years,  a  representative  of  the 
County  Society  attended  the  American  Medical  Association, 
which  met  at  Washington  in  May,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
acting  in  this  capacity,  was  made  a  permanent  member  of  the 
association.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  represented  the  State  Society 
on  the  same  occasion.  The  election  of  officers  for  the  County 
Society  was  as  follows:  Dr.  J.  Orlando  White,  president; 
Dr.  I.  W.  Heulings,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Doctors  I.  W.  Heulings,  of  Haddon- 
field,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1869,  and  R.  W. 
Morgan,  of  Camden,  were  elected  members.  Dr.  Isaac  S. 
Mulford,  in  view  of  his  distinguished  services  to  the  profession, 
was  made  an  honorary  member.  The  fee-bill  of  the  City 
Medical  Society,  for  making  post-mortem  examinations,  was 
adopted  and  officially  sent  to  corresponding  societies  through- 
out the  State.  From  the  Gloucester  County  Society,  it  met 
with  ready  acceptance,  but  was  not  generally  adopted  by 
others. 

The  first  effort  to  rescue  the  profession  from  the  low  state 
into  which  it  had  fallen,  in  regard  to  the  professional  standing 
of  its  members,  was  made  this  year.  The  removal,  in  1854,  of 
all  legal  restrictions  over  medical  practice  in  the  State,  was 
followed  by  an  influx  of  incompetent  and  irregular  physicians, 


ii2  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

who  seriously  injured  the  reputation  of  the  profession.  No 
legislative  action  within  the  State  had  lately  been  attempted, 
except  the  securing  of  a  charter  for  the  Homoeopathic  State 
Medical  Society.  The  organization  of  the  West  Jersey 
Homoeopathic  Society,  together  with  the  adoption  of  the  code 
of  ethics  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  tended  to 
classify  and  control  medical  practitioners.  But  at  the  meeting 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  at  New  Orleans,  the 
previous  year,  a  resolution,  requesting  the  several  States  to 
secure  the  registration  of  all  medical  practitioners  and  the 
colleges  from  which  they  had  graduated,  was  passed,  and,  in 
consequence,  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  District  Societies  to  the  matter.  The  Camden 
District  Society,  thereupon,  appointed  a  committee  to  take  a 
medical  census  of  the  county.  This  report  was  made  in  1872, 
but  little  good,  however,  was  accomplished  until  the  passage 
of  the  medical  Act  of  1880.  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  read  the  annual 
report  and  discussed  the  treatment  of  scarlet  fever  then  prevail- 
ing as  an  epidemic;  the  effects  of  chloral,  a  new  agent 
recently  introduced  by  Leibricht,  of  Prussia,  and  intermittent 
fever,  which  he.  said  was  not  as  prevalent  as  formerly  on 
account  of  the  sanitary  improvements  in  the  city  and  the 
reclamation  of  land  in  the  country.  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray 
reported  a  case  of  rupture  of  the  uterus,  with  recovery,  in 
which  one  leg  of  the  foetus  protruded  through  a  rent  in  the 
uterine  wall. 

[187 1.]  On  May  9th,  the  society  held  its  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel.  A  special  programme 
and  banquet  had  been  prepared,  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper,  by 
request,  reviewed  the  history  of  the  society  in  an  elaborate 
address  in  which  its  organization,  its  relation  to  the  changes  in 
the  medical  laws  of  1851,  '54  and  '66,  and  the  services 
rendered  by  the  constituent  members  were  narrated.  This 
address  was  not  published.  With  the  exception  of  Dr.  Isaac  S. 
Mulford,  who  had  been  placed  on  the  honorary  list,  Dr.  Cooper 
was  the  only  charter  member  now  living.  He  had  repeatedly 
refused  the  office  of  president ;  but,  at  this  meeting,  the  honor 
was  bestowed  upon  him  and  Dr.  I.  W.  Heulings  was  elected 


The  Camdeii  District  Medical  Society.  113 

vice-president,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  president,  Dr.  J.  Orlando  White,  delivered  an  address  on 
"  The  Emotions  as  Therapeutic  Agents  in  the  Treatment  of 
Disease";  Dr.  Cooper  read  the  annual  report,  in  which  he 
stated  that  dysentery,  which  in  years  past  had  been  prevalent, 
was  disappearing,  like  intermittent  fever,  and  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen 
reported  a  case  of  extra-uterine  gestation  at  full  term,  which 
died  undelivered.  Doctors  Cooper  and  Taylor  reported  attend- 
ance at  the  American  Medical  Association  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  bounds  of  professional  intercourse  were  extended 
through  a  resolution,  introduced  by  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy, 
providing  for  the  appointment  of  delegates  to  corresponding 
District  Societies,  and  appointments  were  made  for  the  first 
time  to  Burlington,  Gloucester  and  Union  District  Societies. 
The  society,  at  this  time,  numbered  twenty-one  members,  to 
whom  were  added,  by  election,  Doctors  John  R.  Haney,  D.  P. 
Pancoast,  R.  B.  Okie,  I.  B.  Mulford,  Thomas  D.  Westcott  and 
W.  H.  Ireland,  of  Camden,  and  Doctors  Joseph  W.  McCul- 
lough,  of  Blackwood,  and  George  W.  Boughman,  of  Glouces- 
ter City,  the  former  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
i860  and  the  latter  in  1863.  Dr.  A.  D.  Woodruff  resigned 
because  of  his  removal  to  Maryland.  Dr.  Woodruff  served 
as  president  of  the  society  in  1854,  and  was  elected  an  honorary 
member  on  his  retirement. 

[1872.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  on 
May  14th,  with  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  in  the  chair.  The  medical 
census  of  the  county,  as  reported  at  this  time,  showed  that 
there  were  fifty-two  physicians  residing  in  the  county,  most  of 
whom  were  engaged  in  active  practice.  Of  these,  there  were 
thirty-three  regular  graduates,  practicing  as  such,  twenty-one 
of  whom  resided  in  Camden,  four  in  Haddonfield,  three  in 
Blackwood,  three  in  Gloucester,  and  one  each  in  Waterford  and 
Berlin.  Twenty-four  were  members  of  the  County  Medical 
Society.  There  were  fourteen  practicing  homoeopathy,  includ- 
ing one  regular  graduate  ;  there  were  also  five  eclectics.  There 
was  an  increase  of  twenty-five  physicians  in  the  county  since 
the  last  medical  census,  in  1852.  Dr.  Cooper  delivered  the 
annual  address  and  reported   for  the  standing  committee  the 


H4  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

subject  of  small-pox,  then  prevailing  in  epidemic  form,  and 
Dr.  Joseph  F.  Garrison  read  a  paper  on  "European  Hospitals." 
Doctors  Schenck,  Cullen  and  Snowden  attended  the  American 
Medical  Association  at  Philadelphia,  May  7th.  Dr.  I.  W. 
Heulings  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Dr. 
Edwin  Tomlinson,  of  Gloucester  City,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1872,  a  member.  Delegates  were  appointed 
to  corresponding  societies. 

[1873.]  The  close  relationship  between  the  Masonic 
fraternity  and  the  medical  profession  led  Camden  Lodge,  No.  15, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  to  offer,  through  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen  and 
William  H.  Gamble,  the  use  of  its  room  for  the  meetings  of 
the  County  Society.  This  offer,  however,  the  society  declined 
with  regret,  because  of  the  inconvenient  location,  and  the 
annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel.  A  marked 
progress  was  made  by  the  adoption  of  a  provision,  introduced 
by  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  re-establishing  the  semi-annual  meeting 
on  the  second  Tuesday  in  November,  which  had  been  discon- 
tinued in  185 1.  The  president,  Dr.  I.  W.  Heulings,  delivered 
an  address  upon  "The  Profession  and  the  People";  Dr.  J.  V. 
Schenck  read  the  annual  report  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor 
reported  attendance  at  the  American  Medical  x\ssociation  at 
St.  Louis.  Dr.  Schenck  was  elected  president;  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers,  of  Haddonfield,  a  former 
student  at  Bucknell  University  and  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1872,  was 
elected  a  member.  The  usual  delegates  were  appointed.  The 
semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at  Cooper's  Point  Hotel,  Novem- 
ber nth,  when  the  society  went  into  a  committee  of  the  whole 
for  the  discussion  of  such  medical  topics  as  might  be  presented. 
The  following  papers  were  read:  "Use  of  the  Forceps"  and 
"Hypodermatic  Medication,"  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper;  "Rupture 
of  the  Perineum,"  by  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  and  "Ovarian  Cysts," 
by  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford.  Among  the  visitors  present  were 
Professor  William  Goodell,  Dr.  Franklin  Gauntt  and  Dr. 
Thomas  G.  Rowand. 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey.  115 

[1874.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Cooper's  Point  Hotel,  May  nth,  when  Dr.  Schenck,  the 
president,  delivered  an  address  on  "Physiognomy  of  Disease"; 
Dr.  Taylor  read  the  annual  report,  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  Cooper, 
who  was  sick;  resolutions,  expressive  of  sympathy  for  Dr. 
Cooper,  "the  Nestor  of  the  society,"  were  passed,  and  he  was 
unanimously  elected  permanent  president.  Dr.  Cullen  was 
elected  vice-president ;  Dr.  Taylor,  secretary,  and  Dr.  Mulford, 
treasurer,  this  being  the  first  time  that  the  office  of  treasurer 
was  held  separately  from  that  of  secretary.  On  May  24th, 
Dr.  Cooper  died,  after  an  illness  of  several  months,  and,  at  the 
semi-annual  meeting  in  November,  Dr.  Cullen  presided  and 
committees  were  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  legacy  left  by 
Dr.  Cooper  to  the  society,  and  to  arrange  for  a  reception  to  the 
State  Medical  Society  at  its  ensuing  meeting  at  Atlantic  City. 

Section  IV. — The  Medicae  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1870.]  The  society  met  at  Trenton,  on  May  24th  and 
25th,  with  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper  present  as  a  Fellow  and  as  a 
reporter,  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  as  first  vice-president  and  Doctors 
Ridge,  Branin,  Comfort  and  White,  as  delegates  from  the 
Camden  District  Society.  Dr.  Cullen  was  elected  president 
and  Dr.  Cooper  a  representative  to  the  American  Medical 
Association.  An  elaborate  memoir  of  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  was 
presented  and  ordered  published  in  the  Transactions. 

[187 1.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Flemington, 
May  23rd,  and  was  of  special  interest  to  Camden  physicians  on 
account  of  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Cullen.  For  the  third  time, 
Camden  County  Society  had  been  honored  with  this  position, 
Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  having  held  it  in  1852  and  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper 
in  1856.  Dr.  Cullen  had  well  earned  this  high  honor.  He 
was  the  recognized  leader  of  medical  thought  in  the  county  ; 
an  accepted  court  expert ;  distinguished  as  a  surgeon,  and 
favorably  known  in  politics  and  polite  literature.  From  his 
first  association  with  the  society,  he  imparted  to  it  so  much  of 
his  strong  personality  that  his  presidency  was  regarded  with 
great  favor.  He  delivered  his  annual  address  on  "  The  Posi- 
tion, Rights  and  Duties  of  the  Medical  Expert  in  a  Court," 


n6  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

concluding  that  medical  colleges  should  establish  duplex  pro- 
fessorships on  medical  jurisprudence  for  the  education  and  self- 
protection  of  the  physician  and  the  more  effective  practice  of 
the  lawyer.  The  curriculum  of  medical  study,  "  by  which 
mediocrity  and  even  still  slighter  capacity  secures,  with  ease, 
the  diploma  that  admits  its  possessor  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
medical  profession,"  was  reviewed  with  emphatic  disfavor. 
Doctors  Schenck,  White  and  Heulings  were  present  as  dele- 
gates at  this  meeting. 

[1872.]  On  May  28th,  the  society  met  at  Paterson,  with 
Dr.  Cullen  present  as  a  Fellow,  and  Doctors  Ridge,  Schenck, 
Taylor,  Mulford  and  Marcy,  as  delegates.  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray 
presented  a  paper  on  "  Narcotism"  from  the  hypodermatic  use 
of  one-third  grain  of  morphia,  and  Dr.  Cooper,  a  case  of  cyst  of 
the  right  kidney,  with  the  report  of  the  standing  committee. 

[1873.]  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  society  at  Mt. 
Holly,  in  May,  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  was  elected  third  vice- 
president  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  presented  the  report  of  the 
standing  committee  for  the  county,  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Cooper. 
Doctors  Marcy,  Jennings,  Shivers,  Schenck  and  Taylor  were 
present  as  delegates. 

[1874.]  The  custom  of  holding  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  society  at  prominent  resorts  along  the  coast  was  inaugurated 
this  year  and,  for  the  first  time  in  its  history,  the  society  met  at 
Ivong  Branch.  The  innovation  proved  so  acceptable  that  it  has 
since  been  continued.  Dr.  Schenck  delivered  an  address  on 
"Obstetrical  Forceps,"  in  which  he  stated  that  the  profession 
should  "  sing  paeans  of  praise  to  the  inventor  of  the  forceps, 
and  that  he  who  stands  by  the  couch  of  suffering  and  lends 
no  helping  hand  is  unworthy  of  a  position  in  the  grand 
profession  of  medicine,  since  the  forceps  robs  obstetrics  of 
its  greatest  annoyances  and  anxieties."  Dr.  Schenck  was 
elected  second  vice-president  and  Dr.  Taylor  presented  the 
annual  report  for  the  county.  Upon  the  invitation  of  the 
Camden  County  Society,  the  next  annual  meeting  was 
voted  to  be  held  at  Atlantic  City,  and  Doctors  Cullen, 
Snowden,  Taylor  and  Stevenson  were  appointed  to  perfect 
the   arrangements. 


The  New  Jersey  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society.         117 

Section    V. — The    New   Jersey    State    Homceopathic 
Medical  Society. 

[1870.]  Immediately  following  the  revocation  of  the 
censorship  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  over  medical 
practice  in  1854,  the  homceopathic  physicians  of  New  Jersey 
organized  a  State  Medical  Society,  but  did  not  secure  its 
incorporation  until  this  year  (1870).  On  February  9th,  the 
Act  incorporating  the  New  Jersey  State  Homceopathic  Medical 
Society  was  passed  and  provided  "that  the  regular  members 
shall  have  all  the  benefits  and  privileges  that  any  duly 
licensed  physicians  or  surgeons  now  have,  or  may  hereafter 
have,  under  any  law  of  this  State."  In  1884,  a  supplementary 
Act  was  passed  defining  a  homceopathic  physician  "as  a  graduate 
of  a  homceopathic  medical  college  or  a  member  of  a  homceo- 
pathic medical  society."  The  incorporation  of  the  society 
was  due,  in  a  large  measure,  to  the  efforts  of  the  West  Jersey 
Homceopathic  Medical  Society.  Doctors  Wallace  McGeorge, 
H.  F.  Hunt  and  C.  J.  Cooper,  of  Camden,  were  among  the 
incorporators.  The  object  of  incorporation  was  to  secure  the 
advancement  of  medical  science,  the  mutual  improvement 
of  the  members  and  the  protection  of  their  legal  rights. 
Authority  was  given  to  organize  county  societies.  Among 
the  homceopathic  physicians  of  Camden  county  who  have 
joined  the  society  are  the  following  :  Doctors  H.  F.  Hunt,  M. 
F.  Middleton,  E.  M.  Howard,  C.  J.  Cooper,  P.  W.  Andrews, 
Wallace  McGeorge,  T.  R.  Blackwood,  W.  G.  DuBois,  M.  F. 
Eaton,  G.  R.  Fortiner,  Ida  R.  Fortiner,  Anna  E.  Griffith,  W. 
H.  Hunt,  J.  D.  Eeckner,  S.  H.  Quint,  W.  S.  Moslander,  S. 
Bryan  Smith,  E.  R.  Tullis,  W.  C.  Williams,  G.  D.  Woodward, 
James  A.  George  and  W.  W.  Knowlton,  of  Camden  ;  E.  K. 
McGill,  of  Collingswood ;  J.  L.  Artz,  of  Dudley;  B.  H. 
Shivers  and  F.  E.  Williams,  of  Haddonfield,  and  J.  M.  Hinson, 
of  Merchantville.  Doctors  H.  F.  Hunt,  Wallace  McGeorge 
and  E.  M.  Howard  have  served  as  presidents  of  the  society ; 
Dr.  G.  D.  Woodward,  as  vice-president  and  Dr.  Wallace 
McGeorge  as  secretary.* 


transactions  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Homceopathic  Medical  Society,  1891. 


n8  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Section  VI. — New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society. 

[1870.]  The  profession  of  dentistry  in  West  Jersey  was 
crystallized  into  the  organization  known  as  the  West  Jersey 
Dental  Association,  November  11,  1867  ;  but  this  organization 
was  absorbed  by  the  New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society,  organized 
October  25,  1870,  and  incorporated  March  14,  1873.  Tne 
incorporative  Act  made  it  "  unlawful  for  any  person  to  engage 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry  unless  a  graduate  of  a  chartered 
dental  college  " ;  provided  for  a  State  Board  of  Examiners  to 
be  elected  by  the  societ)*  and  for  the  granting  of  certificates 
to  applicants  who  passed  a  satisfactory  examination.  The 
society  took  an  active  interest  in  building  up  the  profession 
and,  in  1880,  secured  the  passage  of  a  supplementary  Act, 
making  it  unlawful  to  engage  in  the  practice  of  dentistry 
unless  a  regular  course  of  instruction  of  at  least  one  year  had 
been  pursued  in  a  reputable  and  chartered  dental  college,  or  a 
certificate  or  diploma  had  been  granted  by  a  board  of  dentists 
authorized  to  issue  such.  The  filing  of  the  diploma  with  the 
county  clerk  was  also  required.  In  1882,  Dr.  A.  Irwin  was 
elected  a  member  and  is  the  only  Camden  dentist  connected 
with  the  society.  In  1884,  a  further  supplement  was  passed 
regulating  dental  practice  and,  in  1890,  a  State  Board  of 
Registration  and  Examination  in  Dentistry  was  created, 
consisting  of  five  persons  appointed  by  the  Governor  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  State  Dental  Societ}"  and  the 
dental  enactments  of  1873,  '8°  and  '84  were  repealed.  This 
board  was  given  supervision  over  the  practice  of  dentistry  in 
New  Jersey.  With  the  West  Jersey  Association,  Dr.  J.  B. 
Wood,  of  Camden,  served  as  secretary.  Dr.  D.  W.  Neal, 
of  Camden,  was  the  first  dentist  in  the  United  States  to 
manufacture  porcelain  teeth.*  Among  the  prominent  dentists 
of  the  county  are  the  following :  Doctors  A.  E.  Street, 
Henry  F.  Chew,  Alphonso  Irwin,  E.  E.  Bower,  J.  E.  Duffield, 
B.  E.  Fortiner,  W.  W.  Morgan,  F.  M.  Smith,  C.  P.  Tuttle, 
S.  G.  Wallace,  William  Blanc,  B.  R.  West,  M.  F.  Worrell, 
W.  H.  Gelston,  Charles  W.  Street,  Marvin  A.  Street  and 
Christopher  S.  Street. 

*  MS.  notes  of  A.  Irwin,  D.  D.  S. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  119 

Section  VII. — Miscellaneous  Interests. 

A.  WATER-SUPPLY. 
[1870.]  Originally  established  in  1845  as  a  private  enter- 
prise, on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Esterbrook  pen  factory, 
the  Camden  Water- works  Company  failed  to  keep  pace  with  the 
growing  demands  of  the  city  and  was  a  source  of  public  dis- 
satisfaction for  a  number  of  years.  A  better  water-supply  had 
frequently  been  demanded  by  the  medical  profession,  and  this 
year  the  water-works,  which  had  been  established  at  Pavonia, 
passed  into  the  control  of  the  city,  a  result  which  Doctors 
Reynell  Coates  and  James  M.  Ridge  largely  contributed  to 
bring  about.  Notwithstanding  the  change  in  ownership,  and 
the  oversight  of  city  officials,  the  quality  of  the  supply  is  still 
unsatisfactory. 

B.       INDEPENDENT  ORDER  OF  ODD  FELLOWS. 

[1870.]  This  Order  has  always  been  popular  with  the 
medical  profession,  since  its  introduction  into  this  country  in 
18 1 9,*  and,  like  it,  is  bound  to  humanity  by  the  triple  links  of 
friendship,  love  and  truth.  The  first  lodge  in  New  Jersey  was 
established  in  Camden  in  1829,  and  the  State  Grand  Lodge  in 
1833.  In  I87o,  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  was  made  a  Grand 
Representative  to  the  State  Lodge  and  became  a  Grand  Master, 
and,  in  1881,  was  made  a  representative  to  the  Sovereign  Grand 
Lodge,  a  position  which  he  has  held  continuously  since. 
Dr.  T.  R.  Blackwood  has  served  as  a  representative  in  the 
Sovereign,  and  also  in  the  State,  Grand  Lodge.  In  1882, 
Dr.  Iszard  became  a  Patriarch  Militant,  serving  as  surgeon- 
general,  and  Dr.  William  B.  Christine  served  as  siirgeon  of  the 
Order  in  New  Jersey,  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  as  Past  Grand, 
since  1885.  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis  has  served  as  Past  Noble  Grand 
of  the  Order.  Among  the  members  of  the  Order  in  the  county 
are  the  following :  Doctors  James  M.  Ridge,  H.  E.  Branin, 
D.  H.  Bartine,  W.  T.  Collins,  E.  E.  DeGrofft,  C.  J.  Hoell, 
W.  S.  Long,  Wallace  McGeorge,  G.  E.  Kirk,  J.  W.  Donges, 
N.  A.  Cohen,  R.  I.  Haines,  J.  E.  Hurff,  P.  W.  Beale,  J.  M. 
Walmsley,  G.  W.  Henry,  L.  B.  Hirst,  WTilliam  I.  Kelchner, 
O.  W.  Braymer,  Jerome  L.  Artz  and  Edgar  B.  Sharp. 

*  Odd  Fellowship,  by  Theo.  A.  Ross. 


120  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

C.      MASONIC. 

[1870.]  The  reorganization  of  Camden  Lodge,  No.  15, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  in  1850,  paved  trie  way  for  the  rapid  rise  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity  in  Camden.  Acting  under  the  strict  super- 
vision of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  Jersey,  which,  since  its 
organization  in  1786,  has  preserved  with  jealous  care  the  tradi- 
tions and  landmarks  of  the  craft,  and,  by  frequent  visitations  of 
its  officers,  disciplines  subordinate  lodges  into  harmonious 
operations,  Camden  Lodge  became  popular  and  enrolled  among 
its  members  many  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  county.  As 
its  membership  assumed  proportions  warranting  the  institution 
of  other  lodges,  it  cheerfully  embraced  the  opportunity  to 
extend  the  filial  bonds  of  the  fraternity,  and,  from  its  bosom, 
Ionic,  Trimble,  Merchantville  and  Haddonfield  Lodges  sprang 
into  full-fledged  activity.  In  1870,  Trimble  Lodge,  No.  117, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  was  constituted,  with  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  as 
one  of  its  charter  members.  Among  the  members  of  this 
lodge  are,  or  have  been,  Doctors  Joseph  F.  Garrison,  Charles  G. 
Garrison,  John  H.  Austin,  Henry  F.  Chew,  Dowling  Benjamin, 
W.  R.  Powell,  W.  H.  Hunt,  O.  B.  Gross,  S.  H.  Quint,  L.  B. 
Hirst,  E.  R.  Tullis,  Harry  Jarrett,  O.  W.  Braymer  and  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey.  During  1870,  bodies  of  Scottish  Rite  Masonry  were 
established  in  Camden,  meeting  a  higher  interest  in  the 
fraternity  and  indicating  the  progress  of  Masonic  sentiment  in 
this  section.  Among  the  physicians  who  became  members 
are  the  following :  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  O.  B. 
Gross,  H.  H.  Davis,  W.  R.  Powell,  Harry  Jarrett,  F.  P.  Pfeiffer, 
J.  D.  Leckner,  C.  J.  Cooper  and  L.  L.  Sharp. 

[187 1.]  The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Order  of  Free- 
masonry was  further  extended  this  year  by  the  institution  of 
Mozart  Lodge,  No.  121,  F.  and  A.  M.,  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  Dr.  Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer,  and  others.  Dr.  Pfeiffer 
was  a  charter  member  of  Ionic  Lodge,  and,  upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  Mozart  Lodge,  was  made  master  of  the  latter, — a  posi- 
tion held  by  him  for  two  years  with  marked  acceptance  to  the 
members. 

In  1872,  Haddonfield  Lodge,  No.  130,  F.  and  A.  M.,  was 
constituted,  with  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings  as  a  charter  member  and 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  121 

past  master,  by  dispensation.  Of  this  lodge,  Dr.  Lawrence  L. 
Glover  and  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers  are  members,  and  the  latter 
served  as  master  in  1880. 

Of  the  charter  members  of  the  Masonic  lodges  in  the 
county,  Doctors  C.  W.  Sartori,  A.  M.  Mecray  and  F.  P. 
PfeifFer  were  charter  members  of  Ionic  Lodge  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  of  Trimble  Lodge ;  Dr.  F.  P.  PfeifFer,  of  Mozart  Lodge, 
and  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  of  Haddonfield  Lodge.  Dr.  Sartori 
attained  the  position  of  W.  M.  in  Camden  Lodge,  Dr.  F.  P. 
PfeifFer  in  Mozart  Lodge,  and  Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner  in  Ionic 
Lodge. 

D.       NATIONAL  GUARD  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

[1870.]  Following  the  organization  of  the  Fifth  Battal- 
ion of  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey  in  1869,  public 
interests  became  aroused  in  military  matters  and  new  com- 
panies were  recruited,  necessitating  a  regimental  formation  of 
the  battalion.  This  resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment,  National  Guard,  in  1870,  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  James  M.  Scovel.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  commis- 
sioned   major   and  surgeon  and   Dr.  J.    Orlando  White   first 

lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon,  September  24,  1870, 
[1871.]     on  Colonel  Scovel's  staff.     On  September  11,  1871, 

Lieutenant  White  resigned  and,  on  September  28th, 
Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  assistant 
surgeon.    Under  Colonel  Scovel,  the  regiment  rendered  effective 

service  in  protecting  the  ballot  in  the  Centreville  riots 
[1873.]     °f  that  year.     In  1873,  Colonel  Scovel  resigned  the 

command  of  the  regiment  and  Major-General  William 
J.  Sewell  was  elected  and  commissioned  colonel,  January  22, 
1873.  In  1877,  the  regiment  was  ordered  on  duty  to  enforce 
the  law  in  the  railroad  riots  at  Phillipsburg ;  a  provisional 
brigade  was  formed,  General  Sewell  placed  in  command  and 
Major  Taylor  was  made  surgeon  of  the  brigade.  On  Septem- 
ber 7,  1877,  Major-General  Sewell  was  promoted  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Second  Brigade,  National  Guard,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Colonel  William  H.  Cooper. 


122  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

E.  EDUCATION. 

[1870.]  During  this  year,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  was 
elected  president  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Camden,  and 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  superintendent  of  public  instruction. 
Both  brought  to  their  positions  trained  abilities  and  advanced 
the  educational  interests  of  the  city.  Considerable  intellectual 
activity  was  also  displayed  in  the  organization  of  the  Camden 
Literary  and  Library  Association,  through  the  influence  of 
Doctors  Reynell  Coates,  I.  C.  Martindale,  F.  Bourquin,  John  F. 
Harned,  U.  F.  Richards  and  others.  At  this  time,  Dr.  Coates 
stood  in  the  front  rank  of  polite  literature.  The  organization 
lasted  only  a  short  time,  but  helped  to  cement  the  friendship 
of  those  interested  in  literary  pursuits.  In  1872,  Dr.  C.  W. 
Sartori  served  as  a  member  of  the  Camden  Board  of  Educa- 
tion ;  in  1873,  Doctors  J.  M.  Ridge,  M.  F.  Middleton,  J.  H. 
Austin  and  J.  R.  Haney  were  members,  and,  in  1874, 
Dr.  Haney  and  Druggists  J.  C.  De  La  Cour  and  Herman  Miller 
became  members. 

F.  SMALL-POX. 

[187 1.]  In  August,  an  epidemic  of  small-pox*  appear- 
ed in  South  Camden,  but  its  extent  could  not  be  accur- 
ately ascertained  because  there  was  no  city  ordinance  re- 
quiring the  quarantining  or  reporting  of  cases.  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper  approximated  the  number  of  cases  at  one  thousand, 
with  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  deaths,  in  a  population  of 
twenty-three  thousand,  which  Camden  then  contained.  The 
sanitary  committee  of  Council  took  charge  of  the  infected 
district  and  checked,  for  a  time,  the  progress  of  the  disease, 
but,  in  October,  it  spread  to  other  sections  of  the  city.  A 
small-pox  hospital  was  then  opened  by  the  city  and  placed  in 
charge  of  Dr.  R.  W.  Morgan,  who  treated  one  hundred  and 
thirty-three  cases  with  a  mortality  of  18.2  per  cent.  The 
mortality,  in  one  hundred  and  four  cases  reported  in  the 
private  practice  of  a  number  of  physicians,  averaged  16.4  per 
cent.  With  the  advent  of  cold  weather,  the  disease  spread  and 
frequently,  among  the  unvaccinated,  assumed  a  malignant 
form.     Dr.    Morgan  did   much  to  subdue    the  epidemic   and 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  for  1872. 


Miscellaneous  In  teres ts .  123 

received    the  just  praise  of  the  public    and    of  the    medical 
profession  of  the  city. 

G.       DRUG  AND  PROFESSIONAL  INTERESTS. 

[187 1.]  In  this  year,  Dr.  J.  R.  Haney  established  the 
drug-store  on  Kaighn's  avenue,  now  occupied  by  Dr.  W.  T. 
Collins,  and  Dr.  Max.  West  bought  the  store  at  the  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Walnut  streets,  of  Dr.  S.  Birdsell;  in  1872, 
Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast  opened  a  drug-store  at  the  corner  of  Fifth 
and  Clinton  streets,  now  occupied  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Fithian,  and 
J.  E.  Lehman,  on  March  1st,  opened  the  store  at  the  corner  of 
Eighth  and  Market ;  in  1874,  Dr.  R.  W.  Morgan  established 
a  drug-store  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Kaighn's  avenue,  and 
George  D.  Borton  purchased  the  store,  at  Second  and  York 
streets,  established  by  Dr.  William  H.  Ireland,  in  the  preced- 
ing year.* 

In  1870,  Dr.  William  C.  Mulford  moved  from  Gloucester 
to  Charles  City,  Va.,  where  he  died  in  1878.  Dr.  Mulford,  in 
his  earlier  life,  was  a  member  of  the  Salem  County  Medical 
Society  and  frequently  represented  it  in  the  State  Society. 
He  was  favorably  known  in  Masonic  and  political  circles 
and  served  as  superintendent  of  public  schools  and  also  as  post- 
master at  Gloucester,  and  as  a  surgeon  in  the  Civil  War,  but 
never  became  identified  with  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society. 

In  1872,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers  located  at  Haddonfield 
and  Dr.  Randall  W.  Morgan  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  in  1873,  Dr.  Silas  H. 
Quint,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  located  in 
Camden ;  in  1874,  Dr.  Anna  Elizabeth  Griffith,  a  graduate  of 
the  New  York  Medical  College  and  Hospital  for  Women  and 
a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Woman's  Hospital,  New  York, 
and  Dr.  Elijah  J.  Snitcher,  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  Medical 
College,  1874,  located  in  Camden. 

H.       NEW  JERSEY  PHARMACEUTICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

[1874.]  On  February  18,  1874,  this  association  was 
incorporated  for  the  advancement  of  the  science  of  pharmacy 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 


124  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  exerted  a  direct  and  favorable  influence  upon  the 
profession  throughout  the  State.  Among  its  members  were 
J.  C.  De  La  Cour,  J.  L.  De  La  Cour,  A.  P.  Brown,  S.  T.  Ringel, 
A.  W.  Test,  M.  Goldsmith,  Emmor  H.  Lee,  F.  G.  Thoman,  O. 
G.  Taylor,  G.  W.  Henry,  of  Camden,  and  W.  H.  Zelly,  of 
Marl  ton.  J.  L.  De  La  Cour  served  as  vice-president  in  1874,  and 
as  president  of  the  association  in  1875,  an(^  A.  P.  Brown 
as  recording  secretary  from  1876  to  1884,  and  as  president  in 
1884.  In  1877,  the  association  secured  the  passage  of  an 
Act,  regulating  the  practice  of  pharmacy,  which  provided  for 
the  appointment  of  a  State  Board  of  Pharmacy.  In  1879, 
the  Act  was  amended  and,  in  1886,  further  legislation  was 
secured,  providing  that  stores  for  the  retailing,  dispensing 
or  compounding  of  drugs  or  medicines  must  be  managed 
by  a  registered  pharmacist ;  for  the  appointment,  by  the 
Governor,  of  a  State  Board  of  Pharmacy,  to  consist  of  five 
members  recommended  by  the  association,  and  for  the  condi- 
tions for  examinations,  the  regulating  of  the  terms  of  office, 
place  of  meeting,  compensation  and  the  penalties  for  procuring, 
or  attempting  to  procure,  fraudulent  registration.  Of  this 
board,  Professor  A.  P.  Brown,  of  Camden,  was  made  a  member 
in  1883.  The  board  meets  on  the  third  Thursday  of  January, 
April,  July  and  October,  alternately  at  Newark,  Trenton, 
Camden  and  Paterson,  and  its  examination  embraces  pharmacy, 
materia  medica,  chemistry  and  toxicology. 

I.       DEATHS  OF  PROMINENT  PHYSICIANS. 

During  this  period  (1870-1875)  the  profession  and  public 
were  called  to  mourn  the  death  of  the  three  foremost 
physicians  in  West  Jersey, — Doctors  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  Isaac 

S.  Mulford  and  Richard  M.  Cooper.  On  March  30, 
[1871.]      1871,  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  died  of  softening  of  the 

brain,  at  his  residence  in  Camden,  in  the  seventy- 
fourth  year  of  his  age.  Dr.  Fisler  came  from  a  family  of 
physicians,  his  father  and  twin  brother  being  members  of  the 
medical  profession.  In  1 8 1 8,  he  was  graduated  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania;  in  1825,  he  was  licensed  by  the  Salem 
County  Board  of  Censors  and,  in  1829,  served  as  a  member  of 


Miscellaneoiis  Interests.  125 

that  board.  At  this  time,  he  practiced  at  Port  Elizabeth. 
In  1837,  he  moved  to  Camden,  where  he  at  once  took  a 
commanding  position  in  the  medical  profession,  in  politics, 
as  a  local  preacher  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  as  a  public 
lecturer.  In  1840,  '41,  '42  and  '43,  he  was  elected  Mayor*  of 
Camden ;  in  1846,  he  was  one  of  the  petitioners  for  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society;  in  1848,  he  was  defeated  for 
Mayor  on  the  Whig  ticket;  in  1851,  he  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  as  the  American  candidate;  in  1852,  he  was 
again  defeated;  in  1853,  ne  was  elected  Mayor  on  the  Whig 
and  American  tickets,  and  in  this  year,  also,  he  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  ;  in  1854,  he 
was  elected  Mayor  as  the  American  and  anti-Nebraska  nominee ; 
in  1858,  he  wrote  and  published  a  "  History  of  Camden"  ;  in 
1859,  he  was  defeated  for  Mayor  as  the  Republican  candidate; 
in  1865,  he  gave  public  lectures  in  aid  of  the  Sanitary  Fair;  in 
1866,  he  was  defeated  for  Mayor  as  the  Democratic  candidate. 
In  this  year,  he  was  prominent  in  the  organization  of  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary  and,  in  1867,  he  became  one  of  its 
incorporators.  As  a  practitioner  of  medicine,  Dr.  Fisler 
displayed  great  abilities,  commanded  the  confidence  of  his 
patients  and  was  the  first  in  Camden  to  use  chloroform  for 
anaesthetic  purposes.  As  a  politician,  he  was  very  popular. 
He  was  a  candidate  for  Mayor  of  Camden  twelve  times,  eight 
of  which  he  was  elected,  and  represented  successively  the  Whig, 
American,  Republican  and  Democratic  parties.  In  the  Metho- 
dist church,  he  attained  distinction  as  a  local  preacher.  As  a 
public  lecturer,  he  was  best  known  by  his  lectures  on  "Queen 
Victoria"  and  "Witchcraft."  Appropriate  notice  was  taken 
of  his  demise  by  the  medical  societies  and  he  was  interred  at 
Port  Elizabeth. 

[1873.]  On  February  18th,  Dr.  Isaac  S.  Mulford,  the 
oldest  member  of  the  medical  profession  in  Camden  county, 
died  at  his  residence  in  Camden,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of 
his  age.  Dr.  Mulford  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  1822,  and  located  in  Camden.  He  was  a 
contemporary  of  Dr.  Samuel  Harris,  the  pioneer  practitioner 

*Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County 


126  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

of  Camden,  and  was  the  connecting  link  between  the 
physicians  in  practice  anterior  to  the  erection  of  Camden 
county  and  his  confreres  of  the  County  Medical  Society. 
Dr.  Mulford  possessed  high  professional  and  literary  quali- 
fications and,  during  the  period  of  his  greatest  activity,  he 
was  regarded  as  the  foremost  citizen  of  Camden.  His  labors 
in  behalf  of  the  public-school  system,  the  State,  County  and 
City  Medical  Societies,  the  Camden  Dispensary,  in  the  fields  of 
literature  and  politics  and,  as  an  elder  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  were  productive  of  far-reaching  benefits.  In  1842, 
the  public-school  system  was  broadened  by  a  legislative  Act,, 
secured  largely  through  his  influence,  admitting  of  direct 
taxation  for  the  support  of  public  schools,  in  addition  to  the 
State  appropriation.  He  was  identified  with  the  management 
of  the  schools  for  many  years  and,  in  1845,  was  made  president 
of  the  Camden  Board  of  Education.  Through  his  counsel, 
the  Board  of  Education,  in  1852,  was  made  a  separate  factor 
in  the  city  government.  In  consequence  of  his  efforts  for  the 
public  good,  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Education  and  the  Mulford  Grammar  School  of  Camden  was 
named  in  his  honor.  In  the  State  Medical  Society,  he  served 
as  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  in  1855,  and,  for  a 
number  of  years,  as  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Censors  for 
Camden  county.  He  was  a  constituent  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society  in  1846,  of  the  Camden  City  Medical 
Society  in  1853  and  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  in  1865. 
In  1848,  he  published  a  "  History  of  New  Jersey";  in  1861, 
he  was  foremost  among  the  citizens  of  Camden  to  support 
President  Lincoln,  and  his  name  heads  the  list  of  citizens 
called  to  meet  for  that  purpose.  In  1870,  he  was  made  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  of 
which  he  was  president  from  1848  to  1851.  Dr.  Mulford 
resided  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Camden  Safe  Deposit 
and  Trust  Company,  which  was  chartered  the  year  he  died. 
He  was  buried  at  Newtown  Cemetery. 

On  May  24th,  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper  died  at  his  residence, 
Cooper  and  Second  streets,  of  gout,  in  the  fifty-eighth  year  of 
his  age.     He  was  a  son  of  Hon.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  who  was  a 


Miscellaneous  Interests .  127 

State  Senator,  Judge  in  Old  Gloucester  County  Court,  member 
of  Congress,  president  of  the  National  State  Bank  of  Camden 
and  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  Cooper,  who  settled  in 
Camden  in  1682.  Dr.  Cooper  was  graduated  as  an  A.  B.  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1836,  and  as  an  M.  D.  in 
1839.  He  then  located  in  Camden,  where  he  practiced  for 
thirty-five  years.  He  soon  attained  a  high  position  in  the 
profession  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  physicians  in 
New  Jersey.  At  the  time  of  his  decease,  Dr.  Cooper  was  the 
oldest  active  practitioner  in  Camden.  In  1846,  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  County  Medical  Society  and  served  as  a 
censor  until  1851,  and,  in  1853,  ne  became  a  constituent  member 
of  the  City  Medical  Society.  In  1856,  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  and  served  on  the  stand- 
ing committee  in  1854,  '56  and  '57.  In  1865,  he  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary;  in  1866,  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Ward  a  member  of  the  State  Sanitary 
Commission,  to  furnish  the  State  information  and  advice  in 
reference  to  cholera,  this  being  the  first  sanitary  commission 
ever  appointed  in  New  Jersey;  in  187 1,  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  County  Medical  Society  and  prepared  a  history  of 
the  society,  which  was  never  published,  and,  in  1874,  he  was 
elected  permanent  president, — a  position  never  before  accorded 
to  any  one.  He  was  also  appointed  the  same  year  a  member 
of  a  State  commission  to  examine  into  the  sanitary  needs  of 
the  State,  into  the  laws  bearing  upon  the  prevention  of  disease, 
and  to  inquire  what  should  be  done  by  the  State  towards  con- 
serving the  physical  welfare  of  its  citizens.  This  commission 
made  an  elaborate  report  to  the  Governor  and  Legislature 
and  paved  the  way  for  the  organization  of  the  New  Jersey 
Sanitary  Association  in  the  following  year,  and  the  establish- 
ment of  the  State  Board  of  Health  in  1878.  But  before 
the  commission  had  concluded  its  work,  Dr.  Cooper  died  and 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  made  the  report  for  Camden,  which 
considered  the  prevailing  diseases,  drainage,  water-supply, 
vaccination  and  garbage  collection.  The  funeral  of  Dr.  Cooper 
was  attended  by  delegations  from  the  Dispensary,  City  and 
County  Medical  Societies  and  also  from  the  State  Society,  which 


128  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

was  in  session  at  the  time.  Appropriate  resolutions  were  passed 
by  each  of  these  bodies.  In  addition  to  his  professional  repu- 
tation, Dr.  Cooper  was  highly  esteemed  socially  and  was 
distinguished  for  his  philanthropy.  The  hospital,  which  bears 
the  Cooper  name,  was  a  favorite  project  of  his,  although  it  was 
not  commenced  until  after  the  death  of  his  twin  brother, 
William  D.  Cooper.  He  bequeathed  $1,000  to  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary,  his  medical  library  to  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society  and  $3,000  to  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society.  The  extract  from  his  will,  relating  to  the  legacy  to 
the  County  Society,  is  as  follows : 

"  I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  Camden  County  District  Medical  Society,  of 
which  I  have  been  a  member  since  its  organization,  the  sum  of  three  thou- 
sand dollars,  to  be  invested  by  the  said  society  in  the  loans  of  the  United 
States,  the  State  of  New  Jersey  or  the  City  or  County  of  Camden,  or  some 
other  public  loan,  and  the  interest  of  said  sum  to  be  used  by  the  said  society 
in  the  payment  of  the  expenses  usually  incurred  by  the  said  society  at  its 
annual  or  other  meetings,  or  for  any  other  expense  of  said  society. 

In  case  my  said  executors  should  think  proper  to  pay  said  legacy  in  any 
securities  belonging  to  my  estate  bearing  interest  at  their  market  value  I  do 
authorize  and  direct  them  to  pay  said  legacy  in  such  securities  instead 
of  cash." 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE  PERIOD  FROM  1875  TO  1880. 

Section  I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1875.]  The  managers  of  the  dispensary,  burdened  with 
the  difficulties  of  the  preceding  year,  were  still  unable  to 
secure  the  services  of  an  attending  staff  of  physicians,  or  the 
appointment,  by  City  Council,  of  city  physicians  to  attend  the 
indigent  sick,  at  stated  salaries.  Dr.  William  G.  Taylor  again 
volunteered  his  services  as  medical  interne  for  the  year.  There 
were,  however,  four  hundred  and  twenty -seven  patients  treated, 
at  a  cost  of  $627.83.  At  the  annual  meeting,  John  Morgan 
was  elected  president  ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-president  ; 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary,  and  Joseph  B.  Cooper, 
treasurer.  The  legacies  of  $1,000  from  the  estate  of  Dr. 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  and  $500  from  Esther  L.  Cooper,  as 
previously  mentioned,  were  acknowledged,  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  $2,200  already  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the  Camden 
Horse  Railroad  Company,  made  a  permanent  fund  of  $3,700.. 

[1876.]  The  annual  meeting  of  this  year  was  held,  in 
January,  with  the  following  managers  present  :  John  Morgan, 
Colonel  Thomas  McKeen,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  Maurice  Brown- 
ing, Rudolphus  Bingham,  and  Doctors  J.  V.  Schenck,  H.. 
Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  D.  P.  Pancoast,  T.  F.  Cullen  and 
J.  M.  Ridge.  The  officers  of  the  preceding  year  were  re- 
elected. Five  hundred  and  ninety-eight  patients  were  treated, 
at  a  cost  of  $574.48.  The  appropriation  received  from  City 
Council  was  $300. 

[1877.]  The  failure  to  secure  a  larger  appropriation  from 
the  city  or  the  appointment  of  salaried  city  physicians,  and  the 
difficulty  of  securing  the  services  of  an  attending  staff  of 
physicians,  led  to  a  proposition  to  the  trustees  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital  to  transfer  the  dispensary  to  the  hospital  manage- 
ment, but  the  proposition  was  declined.  During  the  year, 
Dr.  William  G.  Taylor,  who  had  performed  the  clinical   duties 

9  129 


130  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

since  1874,  died,  and  this  emphasized  the  necessity  for  a  change 
in  the  policy  of  the  institution.  Clinics  were  established  at 
the  dispensary,  and  Doctors  W.  H.  Ireland,  W.  P.  Melcher, 
John  Miller  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  were  appointed  by  the  City 
Medical  Society  to  conduct  them.  These  were  the  first  clinics 
established  at  the  dispensary,  but  were  not  successful  because 
of  the  irregular  attendance  of  the  physicians.  The  number  of 
cases  treated  during  the  year  was  five  hundred  and  nineteen, 
at  a  cost  of  $798.50.  The  Board  of  Managers  consisted' of  the 
same  members  as  in  the  preceding  year,  with  the  exception 
that  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy  and  I.  B.  Mulford  were  elected 
in  the  place  of  Doctors  T.  F.  Cullen  and  J.  M.  Ridge.  The 
officers  of  the  preceding  year  were  re-elected. 

[1878.]  Interest  in  the  dispensary  was  less  active -than  in 
any  previous  year,  on  the  part  of  both  the  managers  and  the 
attending  staff,  who  were  the  same  as  in  1877..  But  one  meet- 
ing of  the  managers  was  held  and  the  only  charitable  work 
done,  except  in  the  filling  of  prescriptions  for  members  of  the 
City  Medical  Society,  was  at  the  clinics,  which  were  indiffer- 
ently attended  by  the  physicians.  Five  hundred  and  sixty- 
eight  cases  were  treated  during  the  year. 

[1879.]  The  efforts  of  the  managers  were  not  less 
arduous  this  year  in  securing  the  services  of  an  attending  staff 
at  the  dispensary,  who,  at  this  time,  were  appointees  of  the  City 
Medical  Society.  This  difficulty,  added  to  the  financial  embar- 
rassment of  the  institution,  led  the  managers  to  again  seek  a 
larger  appropriation  from  City  Council.  At  this  time, 
medicines  were  supplied  to  the  poor  by  druggists  in  certain 
parts  of  the  city,  under  contract  with  Council,  and  the  request, 
in  consequence,  met  with  some  opposition.  But  through  the 
influence  of  Dr.  John  W.  Donges,  a  member  of  Council,  a 
resolution  was  adopted  by  Council,  directing  its  sanitary 
committee  to  enter  into  an  agreement  with  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  the  dispensary  to  supply  medicine  and  medical 
attendance  to  the  poor  of  the  city  for  $1,600  per  annum. 
This  action  of  City  Council  infused  new  life  into  the  institu- 
tion. The  sanitary  committee  consisted  of  William  Abels, 
J.  Willard  Morgan,  A.  J.  Milliette,   Elwood  W.  Kemble  and 


The  Camden    City  Medical  Society .  131 

Dr.  John  W.  Donges.  A  joint  meeting  of  the  committee  and 
dispensary  managers  was  held  and  the  following  conditions, 
under  which  the  dispensary  should  operate,  were  agreed  to  : 
"  The  city  to  be  divided  into  three  medical  districts,  for  each 
of  which  medicine  and  a  medical  attendant  should  be  appointed, 
who,  upon  application  of  the  sanitary  committee  or  any 
overseer  of  the  poor,  should  render  attendance  except  in 
parturient  cases,  or  illness  or  injury  induced  by  intoxication." 
Following  this  meeting,  the  committee,  on  May  29th,  intro- 
duced into  Council  an  ordinance,  embracing  these  provisions, 
which  was  adopted,  and,  on  June  3rd,  the  contract  was  signed 
by  both  parties.  The  clinical  facilities  of  the  institution  were 
extended  ;  the  duties  of  the  pharmacist  increased,  and  the 
following  medical  appointments  were  made  :  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross, 
attending  physician  for  the  First  district  ;  Dr.  C.  M. 
Schellenger,  for  the  Second  district,  and  Dr.  Maximilian  West, 
for  the  Third.  In  October,  Dr.  West  resigned  and  Dr.  J.  F. 
Walsh  was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1875.]  Regular  quarterly  meetings  were  held  at  the 
residences  of  Doctors  Cullen,  White,  Pancoast  and  Mulford, 
respectively,  at  each  of  which  quarterly  reports  were  read.  At 
the  annual  meeting,  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast  delivered  an  address 
on  "Disinfectants  and  Disinfecting  Agents,"  and  Dr.  T.  F. 
Cullen  reported  a  case  of  yellow  fever.  Dr.  William  G.  Taylor, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1873 ;  Dr.  Maximilian 
West,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1875  ; 
Dr.  E.  J.  Snitcher,  a  graduate  of  Chicago  Medical  College,  1874, 
and  Dr.  R.  G.  Taylor  were  elected  members.  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Maximilian  West,  vice- 
president,  and  Dr.  LB.  Mulford,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The 
managers  for  the  dispensary  were  re-elected. 

[1876.]  The  society  was  entertained  during  the  year,  in 
turn,  by  Doctors  Marcy,  Cullen,  Morgan  and  Ireland,  each  of 
whom  read  the  report  for  his  respective  quarter.  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray  delivered  an  address  on  "  Quackery"  ;  Dr.  William  P. 
Melcher,  A.  B.  of  Waterville  College,  Maine,  and  M.  D.  of  the 


132  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1876;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,. 
Ph.  B.  of  Peddie  Institute,  1872,  M.  D.  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1875,  and  ex-resident  physician  of  the  Presbyterian 
Hospital,  Philadelphia,  and  of  the  Rhode  Island  Hospital,. 
Providence,  Rhode  Island ;  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong,  Ph.  G.  of 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  1855,  M.  D.  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1861,  ex-surgeon  United  States  Volun- 
teers, and  ex-coroner  of  Camden,  were  elected  members.  Dr. 
Maximilian  West  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  R.  W.  Morgan, 
vice-president;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Doctors  Schenck,  Taylor,  Mecray,  Pancoast,  Cullen  and  Ridge 
were  elected  dispensary  managers. 

[1877.]  Regular  meetings  of  the  society  were  held 
during  the  year  and  the  following  papers  were  read:  "  Cleft 
Palate,"  by  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  "  Premature  Labor,"  by 
Dr.  W.  H.  Irelnad;  "Amputation  of  the  Thigh  and  Fore- 
Arm,"  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray ;  "  Alcohol,"  by  Dr.  Max.  West, 
and  "  Dislocation  of  the  Lower  Jaw,"  by  Dr.  E.  h-  B.  Godfrey. 
Dr.  E.  J.  Snitcher  was  elected  president  ;  Dr.  W.  P.  Melcher, 
vice-president  ;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
Dr.  William  A.  Davis,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1876  ;  Dr.  Samuel  B.  Irwin,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1844,  and  ex-surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Marine 
Hospital  service,  and  Dr.  John  S.  Miller,  a  graduate  of  George- 
town Medical  College,  were  elected  members.  The  managers 
of  the  dispensary  were  re-elected,  except  that  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Dr.  T.  F. 
Cullen. 

[1878.]  In  March,  Dr.  E.  U-  B.  Godfrey  entertained  the 
society  and  read  a  paper  on  the  "  Resuscitation  of  the 
Apparently  Dead  from  Drowning,"  with  the  report  of  a  case 
resuscitated  after  ten  hours  of  continuous '  effort ;  in  June,  the 
society  met  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong,  who 
read  a  paper  on  "  Bronchocele"  and  exhibited  a  case. 
Dr.  Melcher  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Godfrey,  vice-president; 
Dr.  Mulford,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh,  a 
graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1876;  Dr.  O.  B. 
Gross,  a  graduate  of  the  same  institution   in    1878,  and    Dr. 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  133 

William  H.  Iszard,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
1870,  were  elected  members. 

[1879.]  During  this  year,  but  one  meeting  of  the  society 
was  held,  at  which  Dr.  James  H.  Wroth,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1878,  was  elected  a  member. 

Section  III. — The  Camden   District   Medical   Society. 

[1875.]  The  preparations  for  entertaining  the  State 
Medical  Society  at  Atlantic  City,  in  May,  were  reported  in 
•detail  at  the  annual  meeting  and  included  an  offer  from  John 
Lucas  to  furnish  a  special,  complimentary  train,  over  the  Camden 
and  Atlantic  Railroad  from  Camden  to  Atlantic  City  and  return, 
for  the  use  of  the  delegates  and  their  friends,  and  the  statement 
that  arrangements  had  been  made  for  a  complimentary  banquet 
at  Congress  Hall.  The  report  of  the  committee  was  unani- 
mously accepted  and  the  society  looked  forward  to  the  event 
with  pleasant  anticipations.  At  this  meeting,  the  "'  Dr.  Richard 
M.  Cooper  Legacy,"  consisting  of  three  one  thousand  dollar 
"bonds  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  Company,  was  received. 
Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  read  the  annual  report,  and,  in  discussing 
pneumonia,  said:  "That  in  the  treatment,  equal  parts  of 
syrup  of  squills  and  the  tincture  of  veratrum  viride,  beginning 
with  ten  drops  and  increasing  one  drop  every  hour  until  the 
toxic  effects  of  veratrum  viride  are  obtained,  or  the  disease 
yields,  will  give  good  results."  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  in  lieu  of  an 
address,  gave  an  account  of  the  work  being  done  at  The  Cooper 
Hospital,  then  in  course  of  construction.  Dr.  John  W. 
S no wden  was  elected  president;  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary,  and  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford, 
treasurer.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting  in  November,  a  large 
number  of  invited  guests  were  entertained,  and  a  bill,  amount- 
ing to  $429.50,  for  entertaining  the  State  Medical  Society, 
numbering  two  hundred  and  twenty,  at  a  banquet  at  Congress 
Hall,  Atlantic  City,  was  presented  and  ordered  paid.  Dr.  Maxi- 
milian West  was  elected  a  member. 

[1876.]  Considerable  progress  was  shown,  and  professional 
interest  in  the  society  was  increased,  by  the  establishment 
•of  sections    on    medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  pathology   and 


134  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

microscopy.  The  progress  of  medical  science  and  the  desire 
of  the  members  necessitated  this  innovation  and  an  abundant 
opportunity  was  offered,  at  the  semi-annual  meetings,  for  its 
exemplification.  The  success  of  sectional  work  was  demon- 
strated at  the  first  meeting  and  led  to  the  appointment  of  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Doctors  H.  G.  Taylor,  J.  V.  Schenck 
and  J.  M.  Ridge,  to  revise  the  constitution  and  by-laws  and  to 
make  suitable  provisions  for  its  continuance.  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on  "A  Plea  for 
Women,"  in  which  the  principles  of  gynaecology,  then  becom- 
ing generally  adopted,  were  ardently  advocated.  Dr.  Alexander 
Marcy  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Edwin  Tomlinson,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary ;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,. 
treasurer,  and  Doctors  James  A.  Armstrong,  William  P.  Melcher,. 
E.  J.  Snitcher,  Thomas  G.  Rowand  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
of  Camden;  E.  B.  Woolstou,  of  Marlton,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1854,  and  Duncan  W.  Blake,  of 
Gloucester  City,  a  graduate  of  Philadelphia  Medical  College, 
1864,  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1876,  were  elected 
members.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting,  the  revised  constitu- 
tion was  adopted.  This  provided  for  the  reading  of  the  report 
of  the  standing  committee  (practically  the  medical  history  of 
the  county  for  the  year)  at  the  annual  meeting  and  reports, 
from  the  sections  named,  at  the  semi-annual  meeting.  The 
constitution  also  provided  for  a  nominating  committee  and  a 
Board  of  Censors. 

[1877.]  On  May  8th,  the  annual  meeting  was  held  at 
Cooper's  Point  Hotel,  with  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  the  president, 
in  the  chair.  Dr.  Marcy  delivered  an  address  on  "  The 
Importance  of  Diseases  of  Women,"  in  which  he  traced  the 
history  of  gynaecology,  and  medicine  as  applied  to  women, 
through  Egyptian,  Greek  and  Ptolemaic  civilization  and 
reviewed  the  present  methods  of  local  and  general  treatment. 
Dr.  Edwin  Tomlinson,  of  Gloucester  City,  was  elected  presi- 
dent ;  Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  of  Gloucester  City,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary ;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,  treasurer ; 
Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  chairman  of  standing  committee ;  Doctors 
Schenck,  Cullen,  Snowden,   Marcy  and   Branin   were    elected 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  135 

censors,  and  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin,  a  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1877,  and  Doctors  William  A.  Davis 
and  John  S.  Miller,  of  Camden,  to  membership.  At  the  semi- 
annual meeting,  reports  were  made  from  sections  on  medicine, 
surgery  and  obstetrics. 

[1878.]  The  society  met  at  Cooper's  Point  Hotel  on 
March  nth,  with  Dr.  Edwin  Tomlinson  in  the  chair,  who 
delivered  an  address  on  "Quackery."  Dr.  Snowden,  chairman 
of  the  standing  committee,  reported  the  prevalence  of  periodical 
fevers  in  Camden  and  an  epidemic  of  diphtheria  in  the  Academy 
at  Haddonfield,  which  infected  twenty  out  of  forty-five  pupils, 
with  a  death-rate  of  ten  per  cent.  Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Smith  was 
elected  president;  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast,  vice-president;  Dr.  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  secretary ;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,  treasurer ;  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden,  chairman  of  the  standing  committee;  Doctors 
Schenck,  Cullen,  Snowden,  Marcy  and  Branin  were  elected 
censors,  and  Doctors  John  F.  Walsh  and  S.  B.  Irwin  to  mem- 
bership. At  this  meeting,  a  committee  of  arrangements  was 
appointed  for  the  first  time,  through  general  consent.  The 
usual  delegates  were  appointed.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting, 
Dr.  Snowden  made  the  report  for  the  section  on  medicine; 
Dr.  Godfrey,  on  surgery;  Dr.  Schenck,  on  obstetrics,  and  Dr. 
Ridge,  on  pathology. 

[1879.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  May  12th,  with 
Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Smith  in  the  chair.  Dr.  Snowden  read  the 
annual  report  and  called  attention  to  the  increase  of  typhoid 
fever  in  Camden  and  Gloucester  City,  the  prevalence  of  malar- 
ial fever  at  Blackwood  and  Berlin,  and  to  the  fact  that 
Winslow  has  always  been  exempt  from  malaria,  which  is  due  to 
its  location  within  the  pine  belt  and  to  the  sandy,  porous  soil. 
The  constitution  was  amended  to  provide  that  the  standing 
committee  should  consist  of  five  members  and  that  its  report 
should  be  transmitted  annually  to  the  State  Medical  Society. 
Dr.  Smith,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Useful- 
ness of  the  Society  as  an  Element  of  Professional  Power." 
During  the  preceding  year,  the  Board  of  Chosen  Freeholders 
erected  a  three-story  brick  building  with  modern  appliances, 
on  the  county  farm  at  Blackwood,  for  the  care  of  the  indigent 


136  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

insane  of  the  county,  under  the  State  law,  granting  counties 
an  allowance  for  such  purposes.  The  building  accommodates 
ninety  patients  and  is  known  as  the  Camden  County  Insane 
Asylum.  Upon  the  opening  of  the  building  for  the  reception 
of  patients,  the  board  elected  Dr.  Silas  H.  Quint,  a  prominent ' 
homoeopathic  physician  of  Camden,  resident  physician  and 
superintendent.  This  act  at  once  aroused  the  opposition  of  the 
members  of  the  regular  profession  and,  upon  the  assembling  of 
the  County  Society,  Dr.  J.  M.  Ridge  introduced  a  resolution 
calling  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  "  to  consider  what 
action  should  be  taken  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  a 
homoeopathic  physician  by  the  Board  of  Freeholders  as  resident 
physician  of  the  Camden  County  Insane  Asylum."  The  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  and  Doctors  Ridge,  Marcy  and  Benjamin,  of 
Camden  ;  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings,  of  Haddonfield,  and  Dr.  E.  B. 
Woolston,  of  Marlton,  were  appointed  with  instructions  to 
report  their  conclusions  to  the  society.  The  committee  met 
in  June  and,  after  formulating  a  plan  of  action,  appointed 
Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin  and  O.  B.  Gross  a  sub-committee 
to  attend  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  Freeholders  and 
urge  the  removal  of  Dr.  Quint.  The  sub-committee  met  the 
Freeholders  in  session  and  were  accorded  a  hearing,  with  the 
result  that,  at  the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  society,  in 
November,  Dr.  Ridge  reported  "  that  the  Board  of  Freeholders 
had  replaced  Dr.  Quint  by  Dr.  J.  J.  Comfort,  a  regular  physi- 
cian of  Haddonfield."  Following  this,  the  society  appointed 
Doctors  Jennings,  of  Haddonfield  ;  Branin,  of  Blackwood  ; 
Woolston,  of  Marlton  ;  Tomlinson,  of  Gloucester  City  ; 
Snowden,  of  Waterford,  and  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Ridge  and 
Benjamin,  of  Camden,  a  visiting  committee  for  the  asylum ; 
but  they  were  never  officially  recognized  by  the  Freeholders 
and,  after  two  visitations,  no  further  appointments  were  made. 
On  June  1,  1880,  Dr.  Comfort  resigned  and  the  Board  of  Free- 
holders elected  Dr.  Henry  B.  Branin  medical  director  to  the 
Asylum,  a  position  still  retained  by  him.  The  following  were 
elected  officers  of  the  society  for  the  ensuing  year  :  President, 
Dr.  D.  Parish  Pancoast;  vice-president,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers; 
secretary,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  treasurer,   Dr.  I.  B.   Mulford  ; 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  137 

chairman,  standing  committee,  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  ;  censor  for 
five  years,  Dr.  N.  B.  Jennings.  Doctors  O.  B.  Gross,  W.  H. 
Iszard,  and  James  H.  Wroth  were  elected  members,  and 
Dr.  W.  P.  Melcher  resigned  upon  removing  to  Pemberton. 
Dr.  Melcher  subsequently  removed  to  Mt.  Holly,  where  he  now 
enjoys  a  lucrative  practice.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting, 
reports  were  made  in  the  sections  on  medicine,  surgery  and 
obstetrics. 

Section  IV. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1875.]  The  innovation  of  holding  the  State  Medical 
Society  at  the  sea-shore  furnished  the  Camden  County  Society 
an  opportunity,  long  desired,  of  inviting  the  State  Medical 
Society  to  meet  in  South  Jersey.  At  the  annual  meeting  at 
Ivong  Branch  in  the  preceding  year,  the  State  Society  accepted 
an  invitation  to  hold  its  next  meeting  at  Atlantic  City,  as 
the  guest  of  the  Camden  County  Society.  Extensive  arrange- 
ments were  made  by  the  County  Society  for  the  occasion.  A 
special,  complimentary  train  was  tendered  by  the  officers  of  the 
Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  Company  and,  on  the  evening 
of  May  25th,  the  date  of  the  meeting,  a  complimentary 
banquet  was  served  for  two  hundred  and  twenty  guests,  at  a 
cost  of  $429.50.  This  afforded  the  first  instance  in  which  a 
County  Society  entertained  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  as 
its  guest  and  the  first  occasion  on  which  a  complimentary  train 
was  placed  at  the  disposal  of  either  society.  Camden  was  well 
represented  at  the  convention.  Dr.  T.  F.  Cullen  was  present 
as  a  Fellow;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  as  second  vice-president; 
Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  as  reporter  for  the  County  Society ; 
Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  as  chairman  of  the  committee  of  arrange- 
ments and  Doctors  Mulford,  Taylor,  Haney,  Jennings  and 
Ridge  attended  as  delegates.  Dr.  Cullen  read  a  paper  on  "Dis- 
location of  the  Radius  and  Ulna"  and  reported  a  case  of  "A 
Male  Monstrosity,"  with  photographic  views;  Dr.  Marcy  pre- 
sented a  paper  on  "Remitting  Fever,"  and  Dr.  Schenck  pre- 
sented a  paper  on  an  "Interesting  Case  of  Labor,"  and  was 
elected  first  vice-president. 


138  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1876.]  On  May  23d,  the  society  met  at  Cape  May  and 
was  given  special,  complimentary  transportation  over  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  through  the  influence  of  the  Camden 
County  Society.  Dr.  Ridge,  in  his  report  of  the  standing 
committee  of  the  County  Society,  discussed  the  germ  theory  of 
disease  and  alluded  to  the  close  relation  between  putrefaction, 
fermentation  and  zymosis.  He  also  made  a  special  report  of 
the  treatment  of  a  case  of  fibroid  tumor  by  hypodermatic  injec- 
tions of  ergot  and  presented  a  paper  on  "  Theories  of  Fermen- 
tation." Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  was  elected  president;  Dr.  J.»M. 
Ridge  was  made  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  International 
Medical  Congress,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  a  delegate  to  the 
American  Medical  Association,  both  of  which  met  in  Philadel- 
phia during  the  Centennial  year. 

[1877.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in 
Trenton,  May  22d,  with  President  John  V.  Schenck,  of 
Camden,  in  the  chair  and  with  Doctors  Snowden,  Branin, 
Godfrey,  Melcher  and  Taylor  present  as  the  representatives  of 
the  Camden  Society.  There  were  ninety-eight  delegates  present 
from  a  membership  of  four  hundred  and  fifty-eight  in  the  Dis- 
trict Societies.  Dr.  Schenck  delivered  his  address  on  "The 
Physician,  Physically,  Mentally  and  Morally  Considered."  He 
claimed  that,  "In  none  of  the  learned  professions  is  a  higher 
grade  of  health  required  than  for  the  student  of  medicine.  The 
practitioner  of  medicine  is  too  lavish  of  his  vital  powers ;  he 
peals  his  own  death-knell  in  the  vain  effort  to  answer  all  the 
demands  upon  him.  Intellectually,  a  first-class  preliminary 
education  is  required.  *  *  *  Medicine  has  always  been 
progressive  and  the  medical  investigator  yokes  to  his  car  the 
scientist  of  every  field.  *  *  *  As  a  moralist,  a  wide  range 
of  duty  is  open.  *  *  *  The  votaries  of  medicine  have 
occupied  a  place  in  history  from  the  earliest  time.  Its  prac- 
titioners have  kept  pace  with  the  sciences,  art  and  learned 
professions.  The  accomplishments  of  the  medical  profession 
are  great,  and  noble  should  be  the  monument  erected  to  the 
fame  of  those  who  have  preceded  us." 

[1878.]  On  May  28th,  the  State  Society  met  at  Spring 
Lake  with   Doctors   H.    Genet  Taylor,   Snowden,    Benjamin, 


The  Netv  Jersey  Sanitary  Association.  139 

Woolston  and  Stevenson  present  as  delegates  from  Camden. 
Dr.  Taylor  was  appointed,  by  the  president,  essayist  for  the 
next  meeting. 

[1879.]  On  May  27th,  the  society  met  at  Englewood, 
with  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  present  as  a  Fellow;  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden,  as  reporter,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Ridge, 
Branin,  White,  Benjamin  and  Woolston,  as  delegates  from 
Camden.  Dr.  Taylor  read  an  essay  on  "The  Unity  of  the 
Medical  Profession."  He  claimed,  in  substance,  that  the 
physician  should  possess  a  unity  of  mind  and  purpose ;  that  the 
aim  of  professional  intercourse  should  be  to  repel  any  attack 
upon  the  dignity  and  rights  of  the  profession ;  that  the  char- 
acter of  a  physician  should  have  a  mighty  influence  over  his 
patients,  and  that  the  physician  should  feel  himself  charged  at 
all  times  with  the  care  of  the  profession  as  a  whole. 
Dr.  John  W.  Snowden,  of  Waterford,  was  elected  third  vice- 
president. 

Section   V. — The   New  Jersey   Sanitary   Association. 

[1875.]  The  first  definite  movement  in  the  direction  of 
State  sanitation  in  New  Jersey  was  made  in  1866,  when  a 
legislative  Act  was  passed  empowering  Governor  Marcus  L. 
Ward  to  appoint  a  sanitary  commission  for  the  purpose  of 
reporting  to  the  Governor,  at  as  early  a  date  as  practical,  "such 
information  and  advice  as  they  might  deem  important  in  refer- 
ence to  Asiatic  cholera."  This  enactment  was  effected  through 
the  influence  of  Doctors  Ezra  M.  Hunt  and  Samuel  Lilly,  who, 
with  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  of  Camden,  and  others,  were 
appointed  members  of  the  commission.  In  1874,  another 
step  was  taken  in  State  sanitation,  through  the  influence  of 
Dr.  Hunt,  and  a  law  was  enacted,  providing  for  a  Health  Com- 
mission to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  inquire,  among 
other  duties,  "what  ought  to  be  done  by  the  State  towards 
conserving  the  physical  welfare  of  its  citizens."  Dr.  R.  M. 
Cooper  was  also  appointed  a  member  of  this  commission.  The 
report  of  this  commission  increased  popular  interest  in  sanitary 
matters  with  the  result  that,  on   September   24th,  a  call  was 


140  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

issued  by  Dr.  Hunt  and  others  to  prominent  physicians  and 
sanitarians  throughout  the  State  to  meet  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
October  13th,  to  discuss  sanitary  matters.  At  the  appointed 
time,  the  meeting  was  held  and  was  presided  over  by  Dr. 
Stephen  Wickes,  of  Orange,  N.  J.,  the  distinguished  author  of 
the  "  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  New  Jersey." 
As  a  result  of  the  conference,  the  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Associ- 
ation was  formed.  Frederick  Bourquin,  a  member  of  the 
sanitary  committee  of  City  Council,  represented  Camden. 
The  organization  was  effected  on  a  liberal  basis ;  physicians, 
sanitarians,  pharmacists,  teachers,  architects,  civil  engineers, 
and  all  those  impressed  with  the  claims  of  sanitary  science, 
and  interested  in  public  and  personal  hygiene,  were  invited  to 
become  members.  From  the  outset,  the  organization  met  with 
favor  from  sanitarians ;  meetings  have  been  held  annually  and 
the  association  has  become  a  potent  factor,  within  the  State,  in 
matters  of  sanitation.  Camden  county  has  furnished  two 
presidents  for  the  association, — Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  in  1889 
and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  in  1892.  Rev.  F.  R.  Brace,  Ph.D., 
of  Blackwood;  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin,  Daniel  Strock, 
E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  Hon.  L.  T.  Derousse  and  Richard  H.  Reeve, 
of  Camden,  and  Arnold  H.  Moses,  of  Merchantville,  have 
served  in  the  executive  council.  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  was  elected 
recording  secretary  of  the  association  in  1894.  Among  those 
who  have  been  elected  to  membership  from  Camden  county  are 
the  following :  Hon.  H.  L.  Bonsall,  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis,  Henry 
B.  Francis,  E.  E.  Read,  Jr.,  Dr.  William  Shafer,  Dr.  W.  B.  E. 
Miller,  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard,  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis 
and  Prof.  C.  Henry  Kain,  of  Camden ;  Dr.  J.  A.  Walmsley,  of 
Gloucester,  and  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin,  of  Blackwood.  In  1877, 
Rev.  Dr.  F.  R.  Brace,  superintendent  of  public  schools  for 
Camden  county,  made  a  report  on  "School  Hygiene,"  in  which 
the  location,  structure,  air-space,  lighting  and  heating  of  school- 
houses  were  elaborately  set  forth.* 

*  History  of  Sanitation  in  New  Jersey,  by  E.  t,.  B.  Godfrey,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 


Charitable  Institutions.  141 

Section  VI. — Charitable  Institutions. 

A.      THE  COOPER  HOSPITAL. 

[1875.]  The  Cooper  Hospital  was  incorporated  March  24, 
1875,  under  the  name  of  "The  Camden  Hospital,"  but  the 
name  was  changed  to  the  present  one,  March  6,  1877,  by  legis- 
lative enactment.  From  the  experiences  of  a  medical  practice 
extending  over  a  period  of  thirty-five  years,  and  from  long 
connection  with  the  management  of  the  Camden  City  Dispen- 
sary, Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper  appreciated  the  urgent  need  of  a 
hospital  for  the  city  of  Camden,  and  impressed  upon  his  twin 
brother,  William  D.  Cooper,  the  manager  of  the  Cooper  estate, 
his  sisters,  Sarah  W.  and  Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  and  his  medical 
confreres  the  importance  of  establishing  such  an  institution. 
Dr.  Cooper,  however,  died  in  1874,  without  bequeathing  any 
part  of  his  estate  for  hospital  purposes,  with  the  exception  of 
$1,000  to  the  Camden  City  Dispensary.  In  1875,  William 
D.  Cooper  died,  without  perfecting  a  plan  for  a  hospital  or 
leaving  a  bequest  for  hospital  purposes.  But  the  subject  had 
been  so  frequently  considered  by  the  Cooper  family  that,  in  his 
last  illness,  William  D.  Cooper  designated  to  his  brother 
Alexander,  and  his  sisters,  Sarah  and  Elizabeth,  the  grounds 
upon  which  he  would  like  a  hospital  to  be  erected,  and  named 
Albert  W.  Markley,  Charles  P.  Stratton,  Rudolphus  Bingham, 
Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  Augustus  Reeve, 
Alexander  Cooper,  John  W.  Wright  and  Peter  L.  Voorhees  as 
trustees.  An  Act  of  incorporation  was  secured,  March  24, 
1875,  after  which  Alexander  Cooper,  Sarah  W.  Cooper  and 
Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  desirous  of  carrying  out  the  wishes  of 
their  brother,  conveyed  the  grounds  valued  at  $50,000,  upon 
which  the  hospital  now  stands,  to  the  trustees,  and  Sarah  W. 
and  Elizabeth  B.  Cooper  jointly  donated  $200,000.  Upon 
receiving  this  donation,  the  trustees  began  the  erection  of  the 
present  building,  which  was  completed  in  1877,  but  the 
expense  of  construction  proved  so  great  that  its  opening  was 
delayed  until  August  11,  1887.  In  the  meantime,  Sarah  W. 
Cooper  died  (1880)  and  bequeathed  to  the  institution  $25,000, 


142  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

which  was  supplemented  by  a  further  gift  of  $25,000  from 
Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  who  died  in  ii 


B.       WEST  JERSEY  ORPHANAGE. 

[1875.]  The  West  Jersey  Orphanage  was  chartered  during 
the  preceding  year,  under  the  management  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  opened  in  February,  1875,  for  the  reception  of 
colored  children.  The  object  of  the  Orphanage  is  to  provide  a 
home  for  destitute  colored  children,  to  furnish  them  the  means 
of  acquiring  an  elementary  education  and  to  afford  them,  at  a 
suitable  age,  an  opportunity  to  learn  a  trade  or  engage  in  a 
useful  occupation.  The  Orphanage  is  governed  by  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  composed  of  gentlemen,  and  a  Board  of  Managers, 
consisting  of  ladies.  In  the  report  for  1894,  the  Board  of 
Trustees  consisted  of  the  following:  President,  Howard  M. 
Cooper ;  first  vice-president,  Dr.  George  W.  Bailey,  of  Wenonah; 
second  vice-president,  Daniel  Thackara,  of  Woodbury ;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  Alexander  C.  Wood,  of  Camden  ;  solicitor, 
Howard  M.  Cooper  ;  physician,  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister,  of 
Camden ;  members  of  the  board,  Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge, 
William  Bettle,  John  Cooper,  Augustus  Reeve,  Richard  H. 
Reeve,  Benjamin  C.  Reeve,  Edward  E.  Farr,  William  J. 
Cooper,  Henry  Troth  and  Harvey  Sharpless,  of  Camden  ;  John 
Gill,  of  Haddonfield  ;  William  J.  Evans  and  David  E.  Cooper, 
of  Marlton  ;  Thomas  W.  Synnott,  of  Wenonah,  and  Josiah 
Wistar,  of  Salem.  The  Board  of  Managers  consisted  of  the 
following  :  President,  Eucy  S.  Cooper  ;  first  vice-president, 
Mary  Emma  S.  Wood,  of  Cinnaminson  ;  second  vice-president, 
Dr.  Sophia  Presley,  of  Camden  ;  treasurer,  Rebecca  C.  W. 
Reeve,  of  Camden  ;  secretary,  Rebecca  C.  Reeve,  of  Philadel- 
phia ;  corresponding  secretary,  Susan  S.  Wood,  of  Merchant- 
ville  ;  secretary  of  donations,  Margaret  B.  French,  of  Camden ; 
members,  Hannah  F.  Carter,  Moorestown;  Susan  S.  Haines, 
Helen  Eippincott  and  Annie  S.  Sharp,  of  Riverton  ;  Hannah 
H.  Stokes  and  Elizabeth  Allen,  of  Cinnaminson  ;  Maty  E. 
Eyre,   of  Philadelphia  ;    Hettie    G.    Evans    and    Caroline    S. 


*  Historical  Sketch  by  Peter  L.  Voorhees  in  the  Report  of  the  Managers  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital  for  1892. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  143 

Haines,  of  Haddonfield  ;  Maria  M.  Clement  and  Sarah  C. 
Griscom,  of  Woodbury,  and  Mary  L.  Troth,  Laura  W.  Scull, 
Elizabeth  C.  Reeve,  Mary  R.  C.  Reeve,  Rebecca  H.  C.  Reeve 
and  Anna  Waring,  of  Camden.  Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford  was  the 
first  physician  appointed  to  the  Orphanage  and  was  succeeded 
by  Dr.  Sophia  Presley,  who  in  turn  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Alex- 
ander McAlister,  the  present  medical  director  of  the  institu- 
tion. The  management  of  the  Orphanage  has  always  afforded 
the  attending  physician  the  best  facilities  for  caring  for  the 
sick  of  the  institution.  On  January  2,  1895,  an  epidemic  of 
diphtheria  broke  out  in  the  Orphanage  and  infected  nineteen 
of  the  inmates.  Upon  requisition  of  Dr.  McAlister  for  anti- 
toxin, a  new  remedy  then  coining  into  vogue,  the  Board  of 
Trustees  sent  an  agent  to  New  York  to  procure  the  blood-serum 
from  the  Pasteur  Institute.  As  soon  as  the  remedy  was 
obtained,  Dr.  McAlister  began  its  immediate  use,  stopping  all 
other  forms  of  treatment,  and,  in  eighteen  cases,  effected  a 
cure.  In  the  case  that  died,  antitoxin  was  not  used  because 
death  occurred  within  thirty-two  hours  after  the  epidemic 
began  and  before  the  antitoxin  could  be  procured.  This  was 
the  first  instance  in  which  antitoxin  treatment  was  employed 
in  Camden  county  in  diphtheria  cases.  Within  three  months, 
Dr.  McAlister  used  it  in  nine  cases  in  his  private  practice,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  twenty-seven  cases,  with  a  death-rate  of  seven  per 
cent.  Of  these,  twelve  were  laryngeal  cases,  with  a  death-rate 
of  eight  and  one-half  per  cent., — one  case  dying. 

Section  VII. — Miscellaneous  Interests. 

a.     physicians  and  druggists. 

[1875.]  The  drug  interests  of  Camden  were  extended  by 
the  opening  of  stores  at  the  following  locations :  Broadway  and 
Ferry  avenue,  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Donges ;  Linden  and  Fourth  streets, 
by  Emmor  H.  Lee,  who  was  succeeded  by  Stanley  C.  Muschamp 
and,  later,  by  Lewis  H.  Wilson ;  Third  and  Kaighn's  avenue, 
by  Dr.  H.  H.  Davis,  now  owned  by  Dr.  R.  I.  Haines,  and 
Fourth  and  Walnut  streets  by  Dr.  Maximilian  West, 
[1876.]     successor   to    S.  W.    Cochran.     In   1876,  Dr.   D.  P. 


144  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Pancoast  opened  a  drug-store  at  Sixth  and  Royden  streets. 
During  the  year,  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin,  William  A. 
Davis,  E.  Iv.  B.  Godfrey  and  John  D.  L,eckner,  the  latter  a 
graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in 
1873,  located  in  Camden,  and  Edgar  B.  Sharp,  a  graduate  of 

Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1876,  located  at  Berlin. 
[1877.]     In   1877,  Dr.  W.   A.   Davis  opened  a  drug-store  at 

Third  and  Washington  streets,  now  owned  by  Dr.  J.  S. 
Baer,  and  Richard  S.  Justice,  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy,  opened  a  store  at  Fifth  and  Elm  streets. 
During  this  year,  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard,  B.  S.,  of  Cornell  University, 

1873,  and  M.  D.  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
[1878.]     Philadelphia,  1877,  located  in  Camden.     During  1878, 

Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  and  Dr.  Willis  H.  Hunt,  the  latter  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  Medical  School,  1877,  and  of  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  1878,  located  in  Camden;  Dr.  James  A. 
Walmsley,  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1878,  located 
at  Gloucester  City,  and  R.  G.   Stevenson,  Ph.  G.,  opened  the 

drug-store  at  Sixth  and  Market  streets,  now  owned  by 
[1879.]     Frank    S.    MacPherson.     During   1879,    Dr-   p-   w- 

Beale,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
1876,  located  at  Wrights ville,  but  subsequently  removed  to 
Camden ;  Dr.  Franklin  E.  Williams,  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1878  and  of  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  in  1879,  located  at  Haddonfield ;  Doctors  George  R. 
and  Ida  F.  Fortiner,  graduates  of  Penn  Medical  University, 
1879,  and  Dr.  Hli  R.  Tullis,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical 
College,  1879,  located  in  Camden. 

B.       EDUCATION. 

[1875.]  In  1875,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  represented  the 
Third  ward  of  Camden  in  the  Board  of  Education;  in  1876, 
Dr.  Max.  West  served  in  the  board  from  the  Fifth  ward ;  in 
1878,  Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner  served  as  a  member  of  the  board,  and, 
in  1879,  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin,  H.  H.  Davis  and  M.  F. 
Middleton  were  members. 

C.       THE  CENTENNIAL. 

[1876.]     The  celebration,  in  Philadelphia,  of  the  centen- 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  145 

nial  year  of  the  Nation's  independence  afforded  an  opportunity 
for  the  meeting  of  various  scientific  associations  of  the  country. 
In  the  Fifth  International  Medical  Congress,  which  met  in 
Philadelphia  during  the  year,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  was  one  of 
the  representatives  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society ;  in  the 
World's  Congress  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians,  Dr.  H.  F.  Hunt 
was  one  of  the  representatives  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Homoeo- 
pathic Society,  of  which  he  was  president ;  and  in  the  American 
Medical  Association,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  represented  the  New 
Jersey  Medical  Society  and  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy  and 
J.  V.  Schenck  represented  the  Camden  District  Medical 
Society. 

D.       THE   AMERICAN    ACADEMY    OF    MEDICINE. 

[1876.]  On  September  6th,  the  American  Academy  of 
Medicine  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  those  who 
are  alumni  of  classical,  scientific  and  medical  schools  into  closer 
relationship  with  each  other,  to  encourage  drill  in  the  classics 
before  beginning  medical  study  and  to  extend  the  bounds  of 
medical  science.  Graduation  from  a  college  of  the  arts  and 
sciences  in  which  the  degree  of  A.  B.  is  conferred,  or  a  period 
of  residence  at  such  an  institution,  is  essential  to  membership. 
The  academy  is  intended  to  encourage  an  extension  of  the 
period  of  medical  study  and  has,  in  a  great  degree,  accom- 
plished its  object.  Of  the  Camden  county  physicians,  Doctors 
Isaac  B.  Mulford  and  Orange  W.  Braymer  have  been  elected  to 
membership. 

E.       GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 

[1876. J  Following  the  Civil  War,  the  honorably  dis- 
charged soldiers  and  sailors,  imbued  with  the  necessity  of 
perpetuating  the  principles  for  which  they  contended  and  the 
deeds  of  heroism  and  patriotism  incident  thereto,  organized  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  with  the  motto  of  Fraternity, 
Charity  and  Loyalty.  This  organization,  like  the  Loyal  Legion 
and  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  was  largely  effected  through  the 
influence  of  a  physician;  viz.,  Col.  B.  F.  Stephenson,  M.D.,  of 
Springfield,  Illinois.  Various  Posts,  usually  named  in  honor 
of  a  dead  comrade,    were  organized   throughout  the  country. 


146  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

In  January,  1876,  T.  M.  K.  Eee  Post  was  organized,  in  Camden, 
with  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor  and  James  A.  Armstrong  among 
its  members.  Dr.  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  subsequently  became  a 
member  of  the  Post.  In  1879,  William  B.  Hatch  Post  was 
established  with  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  as  surgeon,  and,  later, 
Thomas  H.  Davis  Post  was  organized,  at  Haddonfield,  with 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  as  a  member. 

F.       THE  CAMDEN  MICROSCOPICAL  SOCIETY. 

[1878.]  In  November,  the  Camden  Microscopical  Society 
was  organized,  largely  through  the  influence  of  Professor  A.  P. 
Brown,  druggist  at  Fifth  and  Federal  streets,  and  lecturer  on 
Microscopy  at  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  The 
upper  room  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  was  furnished  for 
the  purposes  of  the  society,  and  cases  containing  an  almost 
complete  herbarium  of  the  flora  and  collection  of  the  minerals 
found  in  New  Jersey,  were  presented  to  the  society.  Among 
the  constituent  members  were  Prof.  A.  P.  Brown,  Prof.  C. 
Henry  Kain,  Hon  E.  T.  Derousse,  Rev.  C.  F.  Bowden,  Col.  S. 
C.  Hufty,  H.  S.  Fortiner,  E.  E.  Read,  Jr.,  I.  C.  Martindale, 
J.  L.  De  La  Cour,  John  T.  Woodhull,  Esq.,  N.  F.  Cowan,  G.  G. 
Browning,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  M.  F.  Middleton, 
J.  H.  Wroth,  J.  F.  Walsh,  George  T.  Robinson,  S.  T.  Banes, 
George  R.  Fortiner  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey.  Prof.  Brown  was 
elected  president  and  J.  E.  De  Ea  Cour  secretary.  The  society 
flourished  with  considerable  activity  for  a  number  of  years  and 
gave  the  public  frequent  microscopical  exhibitions  during  the 
period  of  its  existence. 

Section  VIII. — County  Physicians. 

[1876.]  The  legislative  "  Act  Respecting  County  Physi- 
cians" was  passed  April  21,  1876,  because  of  the  want  of 
medical  knowledge  among  coroners,  who  were  usually  laymen, 
and  the  consequent  expense  attending  their  official  investiga- 
tions. The  Act  provided  for  the  election  of  county  physicians 
by  Boards  of  Freeholders;  gave  them  the  precedence  and 
authority  over  coroners  and  justices  of  the  peace,  in  the  investi- 
gation of  the  causes  of  casual,   accidental  and  violent  deaths, 


New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health.  147 

and  placed  the  inmates  of  county  jails  under  their  professional 
care.  In  1878,  a  supplementary  Act  was  passed,  empowering 
county  physicians  to  take  charge  of  the  remains  of  the  unknown 
dead  and  to  take  an  inventory  of  their  effects.  In  1879,  a 
further  supplementary  Act  was  passed,  fixing  the  salary  of  the 
county  physician;  in  1885,  another  supplement  was  enacted, 
making  the  fees  of  coroners,  for  holding  inquests  or  viewing 
bodies,  non-collectable  without  a  written  order  from  the 
county  physician,  unless  his  permission  could  not  be  obtained 
within  six  hours  after  being  notified  in  writing  by  the  coroner. 
Further  supplementary  Acts  have  been  passed,  defining 
the  powers  and  duties  of  county  physicians.  When  the  law 
providing  for  the  election  of  a  county  physician  went  into 
effect  in  Camden  county,  in  1876,  the  Board  of  Freeholders 
advertised  for  bids  from  physicians,  with  responses  from  six. 
Dr.  Randal  W.  Morgan  was  elected  to  the  position  for  five 
years,  at  a  salary  of  $467  per  annum.  During  his  term  of 
office,  Dr.  Morgan  went  to  Europe  to  regain  his  health,  and, 
in  his  absence,  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was  qualified  as  county 
physician.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  Dr.  Morgan, 
in  1 88 1,  Dr.  William  H.  Ireland  was  elected  to  the  position  for 
three  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  in  1884. 
Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  was  elected  in  1887  and  re-elected  in 
1890.  In  1894,  Dr.  William  S.  Jones  succeeded  Dr.  Iszard  as 
county  physician. 

Section  IX. — New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health. 

[1877.]  Following  the  organization  of  the  New  Jersey 
Sanitary  Association  in  1875,  the  necessity  for  a  State  Board 
of  Health  became  so  apparent  that  the  Legislature,  through 
the  influence  of  Dr.  Ezra  M.  Hunt  and  others,  enacted,  in 
1877,  a  law  instituting  a  State  Board  of  Health  and  Vital 
Statistics,  which  Governor  Bedle  approved,  May  22nd.  The 
law  provided  that  the  board  should  take  cognizance  of  the 
sanitary  interests  and  of  the  health  and  lives  of  the  people ; 
make  sanitary  investigations;  inquire  into  the  causes  of 
epidemics;  investigate  the  diseases  of  animals  and  make  an 


148  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

annual  report  to  the  Governor  in  December  of  each  year. 
Upon  the  approval  of  the  enactment  on  May  22nd,  Governor 
Bedle  appointed  the  following  gentlemen  as  members  of  the 
board  :  E.  A.  Osborne,  C.  E.,  of  Newark  ;  Laban  Dennis, 
M.  D.  ;  Elias  J.  Marsh,  M.  D.,  of  Paterson  ;  Prof.  Cyrus 
Brackett,  of  Princeton  ;  Surgeon-General  Theodore  Varick,  of 
Jersey  City  ;  Ezra  M.  Hunt,  M.  D.,  of  Metuchen,  and  James 
M.  Ridge,  M.  D.,  of  Camden.  In  the  organization  of  the 
board,  Dr.  E.  J.  Marsh  was  elected  president  and  Dr.  Ezra  M. 
Hunt  secretary, — a  position  retained  by  the  latter  until  his 
death,  in  1894.  During  the  year,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge 
presented  a  studied  communication  on  "  Domestic  Hygiene," 
discussing  with  elaboration  the  subjects  of  air,  water  and 
food,  which  was  published  in  the  annual  report.  Although 
appointed  for  five  years,  Dr.  Ridge  resigned  from  the  board 
in  1879.  "  The  board  took  a  wide  and  comprehensive 
view  of  its  sphere  and  privileges.  A  critical  examination  of 
its  reports  and  circulars  shows  that  a  definite  plan  was  pursued, 
which  was  the  diffusion  of  sanitary  information,  first,  among 
the  members  of  the  medical  profession,  and,  second,  among  the 
people.  Next  to  physicians,  the  board  enlisted  the  interest  of 
civil  engineers,  teachers,  architects,  chemists,  plumbers  and 
members  of  other  allied  callings.  Even  the  agricultural  popu- 
lation was  reached  through  circular  information  given  concern- 
ing the  care  of  animals  in  contagious  diseases.  By  its  reports 
and  circulars,  by  the  use  of  the  press,  by  conferences  with  boards 
of  trade,  local  boards  of  health,  common  councils  and  mayors 
of  cities,  and  by  talks  on  sanitary  subjects,  the  board  educated 
a  sentiment  throughout  the  State  so  favorable  to  sanitary- 
progress  that  the  laws  relating  to  public  health  have  been  revo- 
lutionized in  New  Jersey."  * 

Section  X. — Deaths. 

[1875.]  During  the  period  under  consideration,  the 
medical  profession  and  the  public  were  called  to  mourn  the 
death  of  Doctors  Charles  W.  Sartori  and  Charles  F.  Clark,  of 

*The  Progress  of  Sanitation  in  New  Jersey,  by  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 


Deaths.  149 

Camden  ;  Dr.  Martin  Synnott,  of  Blackwood,  and  Doctors- 
William  G.  Taylor  and  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  of  Camden. 

Dr.  Charles  W.  Sartori  died  at  his  residence  in  Camden, 
October  24th.  Dr.  Sartori  is  accredited  by  Stevenson  as  being 
a  graduate  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1829,  ^ut  his 
'name  does  not  appear  in  the  catalogue  of  graduates.  During 
the  Civil  War,  Dr.  Sartori  served  with  distinction  in  the 
United  States  Navy  from  May  18,  1 861,  to  July  19,  1864,  as 
an  acting  assistant  surgeon,  which  has  been  previously  related. 
After  the  war,  he  located  in  Camden  and  engaged  in  teaching 
in  the  public  schools,  in  which  he  became  a  principal.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  Masonry, 
Dr.  Sartori  took  an  active  interest  and  became  Master  of 
Camden  Lodge  and  a  charter  member  of  Ionic  Lodge.  He 
never  affiliated  with  either  the  City  or  the  County  Medical 
Society. 

Dr.  Charles  F.  Clark,  an  honorary  member  of  the  Camden 
City  Medical  Society,  died  at  his  residence,  in  Camden,  in 
September.  Dr.  Clark  practiced  medicine  at  Woodbury  and,, 
with  Doctors  I.  S.  Mulford  and  Samuel  Harris,  of  Camden,  was 
one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Gloucester  County 
Society  at  its  reorganization  in  1835,  and  again  in  1846. 
Upon  retiring  from  practice  in  Woodbury,  he  moved  to 
Camden.  He  was  succeeded  at  Woodbury  by  his  son,  Dr.  H. 
C.  Clark. 

[1877.]  Dr.  Martin  S.  Synnott  died  at  Blackwood,  in 
1877,  of  consumption.  Dr.  Synnott  was  graduated  from  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  in  1839.  He  began  practice  at  Chew's 
Landing,  but  subsequently  removed  to  Blackwood.* 

Dr.  William  G.  Taylor,  son  of  Dr.  R.  G.  Taylor,  died  at 
his  residence  in  Camden,  April  8,  1877,  and  was  buried  at 
Evergreen  Cemetery.  Dr.  Taylor  was  graduated  from  Jefferson 
Medical  College  in  March,  1873,  an(^  entered  upon  the  work 
of  a  missionary  under  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions.  "On  June  11,  1873,  he  sailed  from  New  York  for 
Africa.  His  station  was  Gaboon,  on  the  west  coast,  and  his 
duty  was  to  visit  monthly,  or  oftener,  the  stations  between  it 


*The  Medical  History  of  Atlantic  County,  by  J.  B.  Somers,  M.D. 


15°  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  Benita,  a  point  one  hundred  miles  north.  The  mode  of 
travel  was  by  sea,  in  an  open  boat  five  and  one-half  feet  wide 
by  twenty-six  long.  This  exposed  life  and  repeated  attacks  of 
African  fever  impaired  his  health  and,  after  two  years'  labor, 
he  returned  home."*  Dr.  Taylor  served  as  physician  to  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary. 

Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  died  in  Camden,  November  21, 
1877,  of  consumption,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 
Dr.  Cullen  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1844,  and  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  physicians  of 
his  time  in  New  Jersey.  He  was  the  recognized  leader  of  the 
profession  in  West  Jersey.  As  a  surgeon,  he  possessed  decided 
merit,  but  never  sought  notoriety  by  the  use  of  the  knife.  In 
his  every-day  life,  he  was  noted  for  upholding  the  honor  and 
dignity  of  the  medical  profession,  and,  as  a  strict  observer  of 
professional  etiquette,  he  became  closely  attached  to  his  profes- 
sional brethren  by  the  ties  of  a  common  brotherhood  which 
were  strengthened  by  his  superior  wisdom  and  skill.  As  a 
court  expert,  Dr.  Cullen  was  greatly  distinguished.  In  1850, 
he  joined  the  County  Medical  Society  and  became  its  president 
in  1857;  in  1853,  ne>  with  others,  organized  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society;  in  1866,  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Camden  City  Dispensary;  in  1870,  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  and,  in  1874,  he  was  one 
of  the  incorporators  of  the  Cooper  Hospital.  Dr.  Cullen  wrote 
many  valuable  medical  and  surgical  papers  and  attained  a 
reputation  as  a  dramatist,  as  well  as  a  musical  composer.  He 
was  buried  at  Evergreen,  where  a  monument  marks  his  resting- 
place. 

*A  History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  in  Camden  County,  by  John  R.  Stevenson, 
A.  M.,  M.  D. 


CHAPTER  IX. 
THE  PERIOD  FROM  1880  TO  1885. 

Section  I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1880.]  The  contract  made  the  preceding  year  between 
the  managers  of  the  dispensary  and  City  Council,  by  which 
the  dispensary  received  $1,600  per  annum  for  furnishing 
medicines  and  providing  medical  attendants  for  the  indigent 
sick,  increased  both  the  work  and  worth  of  the  institution. 
During  the  year,  fourteen  hundred  and  five  patients  were 
treated, — an  increase  of  six  hundred  and  sixty-six  over  the 
preceding  year.  The  city  contract  was  again  renewed.  The 
following  managers  were  elected:  Maurice  Browning,  John 
Morgan,  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  Rudolph  us 
Bingham  and  Doctors  J.  V.  Schenck,  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M. 
Mecray,  D.  P.  Pancoast,  Alexander' Marcy  and  I.  B.  Mulford. 
John  Morgan  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice- 
president;  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary;  Joseph.  B.  Cooper, 
treasurer ;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  physician  for  the  First  district ; 
Dr.  C.  M.  Schellenger,  for  the  Second,  and  Dr.  C.  W.  Green,  for 
the  Third. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  January  1  ith,  and  the  report 
for  the  year  showed  that  one  thousand  and  forty-eight  cases 
had  been  treated,  two  thousand  and  seventy  prescriptions  com- 
pounded and  a  deficit  of  $9.96  incurred,  from  an  income  of 
$2,077.33,  for  the  year.  John  Morgan  was  elected  president; 
Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secre- 
tary; Joseph  B.  Cooper,  treasurer;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  physician 
for  the  First  district ;  Dr.  H.  H.  Davis,  for  the  Second,  and 
Dr.  J.  W.  Donges,  for  the  Third.  In  October,  these  medical 
appointees  resigned  and  Dr.  J.  W.  Wroth  was  appointed  for  the 
First  district;  Dr.  W.  A.  Hamilton,  for  the  Second,  and 
Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  for  the  Third. 

[1882.]  On  November  8th,  of  the  preceding  year,  the 
dispensary  sustained  a  loss  in  the  death  of  John  Morgan,  presi- 

151 


152  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

dent  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and,  at  the  annual  meeting  in 
January,  1882,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  the  treasurer,  presented  his 
resignation.  Richard  H.  Reeve  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
board  in  place  of  John  Morgan  and  William  B.  Cooper 
succeeded  Joseph  B.  Cooper.  The  expenses  of  the  institution 
for  the  fiscal  year,  ending  in  January,  were  $1,734.86;  two 
thousand  and  fifteen  cases  were  treated  and  six  thousand  three 
hundred  and  ten  prescriptions  compounded.  Colonel  Thomas 
McKeen  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  vice-presi- 
dent; Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary;  Richard  H.  Reeve, 
treasurer;  Othniel  G.  Taylor,  pharmacist;  Dr.  J.  H.  Wroth, 
physician  for  the  First  district;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson, 
for  the  Second;  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  for  the  Third,  and  Dr.  W.  A. 
Hamilton,  interne.  The  dispensary  received  a  legacy  of  $100 
from  the  estate  of  John  Morgan. 

[1883.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held,  January  9th,  and 
the  record  of  the  year  showed  that  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-one  cases  were  treated,  at  an  expense  of  $2,001.67.  The 
management  had  sustained  a  double  loss  in  the  death  of 
Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  on  July  25th,  and  of  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford,  on 
November  2j,  1882.  Dr.  E.J.  Snitcher  was  elected  in  place  of 
Dr.  Schenck,  and,  with  Doctors  Marcy,  Taylor  and  Mecray, 
represented  the  City  Medical  Society  for  the  remainder  of  the 
year.  Dr.  Mulford's  place  was  not  filled.  Colonel  Thomas 
McKeen  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary ;  Richard  H.  Reeve, 
treasurer ;  Dr.  A.  T.  Dobson,  physician  for  the  First  district ; 
Dr.  C.  M.  Schellenger,  for  the  Second  ;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson, 
for  the  Third,  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  interne. 

[1884.]  The  dispensary  sustained  another  loss,  during  the 
year  just  closed,  in  the  death  of  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen,  mak- 
ing four  vacancies  by  death  in  the  management  in  three  succes- 
sive years.  At  the  annual  meeting  held  January  9th,  the  follow- 
ing managers  were  elected  by  the  contributors :  Maurice  Brown- 
ing, Rudolphus  Bingham,  Richard  H.  Reeve,  William  B.  Cooper, 
and  David  M.  Chambers.  The  representatives  from  the  City 
Medical  Society  were  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Alexander 
Marcy,  A.    M.    Mecray,    W.    A.    Davis,    E.   J.    Snitcher   and 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  153 

J.  Orlando  White.  Dr.  Marcy  was  elected  president ;  Maurice 
Browning,  vice-president;  Dr.  Taylor,  secretary ;  R.  H.  Reever 
treasurer ;  O.  G.  Taylor,  pharmacist ;  Dr.  A.  T.  Dobson,  physi- 
cian for  the  First  district;  Dr.  C.  M.  Schellenger,  for  the 
Second,  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  for  the  Third,  and  also  interne. 
There  were  thirteen  hundred  and  two  cases  treated  and  seven 
thousand  and  twenty-five  prescriptions  compounded,  at  an 
expense  of  $2,254.19. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1880.]  Because  of  the  suspension  of  the  meetings  of  the 
society  during  the  greater  part  of  1879,  but  little  encourage- 
ment was  held  out  for  regular  meetings  this  year.  On  March 
24th,  a  special  meeting,  at  which  Dr.  J.  E.  Clawson  presided, 
was  called  for  the  purpose  of  reviving  an  interest  in  the  society, 
but  it  was  not  wholly  successful  on  account  of  the  small 
attendance.  The  necessity  for  the  existence  of  the  society  was 
ardently  discussed  and  frankly  admitted,  and  a  committee, 
consisting  of  Doctors  J.  H.  Wroth,  O.  B.  Gross  and  I.  B. 
Mulford,  was  appointed  to  wait  upon  the  members  and  solicit 
their  aid  in  the  reorganization.  The  meeting  thereupon 
adjourned  to  April  8th,  when  the  committee  reported  their 
action  and  recommended  "  that  the  meetings  be  held  hereafter 
at  the  residence  of  such  members  as  may  invite  the  society,  or 
at  the  dispensary."  Dr.  William  A.  Hamilton,  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  Maryland,  1870,  was  elected  a  member. 
This  second  meeting  was  so  poorly  attended  that  no  further 
effort  at  reorganization  was  made  until  September  7,  1882. 

[1882.]  Solicitous  for  the  welfare  of  the  profession,. 
Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  issued  an  invitation  to  the  members  of 
the  society  to  meet  at  his  residence,  September  7th,  where  a 
reorganization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  Dr.  William  A. 
Davis,  president ;  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  E.  J.  Snitcher,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  Doctors  Marcy, 
Taylor,  Mecray,  Mulford  and  Snitcher  as  dispensary  managers, 
and  Doctors  Conrad  G.  Hoell,  Ph.  G.,  and  George  Taylor 
Robinson,  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  during 
the  year,  and  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  were  elected  members. 


154  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County.. 

[1883.]  Following  the  meeting  at  Dr.  Benjamin's,  interest 
in  the  society  revived  ;  regular  quarterly  meetings  were  held 
during  the  year,  and  Doctors  E.  P.  Townsend  and  Henry  H. 
Davis,  graduates  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  the  former  in 
1863  and  the  latter  in  1879,  ana-  H.  F.  Palm,  a  former  student 
at  Pennington  Seminary  and  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1 88 1,  were  elected  members.  At  the  annual  meeting, 
Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  E.  P. 
Townsend,  vice-president ;  Dr.  E.  J.  Snitcher,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Doctors  Taylor,  Marcy,  Mecray,  W.  A.  Davis,  White 
and  Snitcher  were  elected  managers  of  the  dispensary,  and  Dr. 
C.  M.  Schellenger,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
1879,  was  elected  a  member. 

[1884.]  This  year  witnessed  a  decline  in  the  interest  in 
the  society  to  such  an  extent  that  only  two  meetings  were  held. 
The  first  took  place  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  William  A.  Davis, 
when  Professor  B.  F.  Baer,  of  Philadelphia,  read  a  paper  on 
"  Metrorrhagia,"  and  the  second,  at  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend's, 
when  Dr.  Townsend  read  a  paper  on  "  Modern  Therapeutics." 
Dr.  Townsend  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  E.  J.  Snitcher,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  the 
managers  for  the  dispensary  were  re-elected. 

Section  III. — The   Camden   District   Medical  Society. 

[1880.]  The  society  met  at  Cooper's  Point  Hotel,  May 
nth,  with  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast  in  the  chair,  who  delivered  an 
address  on  "  The  Therapeutics  of  Homoeopathy."  Dr.  John 
W.  Snowden  read  the  annual  report,  embracing  papers  by 
Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  of  Camden  ;  Doctors  H.  A.  M.  Smith 
and  D.  W.  Blake,  of  Gloucester ;  N.  B.  Jennings  and  C.  H. 
Shivers,  of  Haddonfield ;  H.  E.  Branin  and  J.  W.  McCullough, 
of  Blackwood,  and  D.  M.  Stout,  of  Berlin.  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  read  a  paper  on  "Syphilis"  and  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross 
one  on  "Three  Cases  in  which  Bromide  of  Ethyl  was  Used." 
Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers,  of  Haddonfield,  was  elected  president; 
Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
secretary ;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer ;  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden, 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  155 

chairman,  standing  committee  ;  Dr.   Alexander  Marcy,  censor 
for  five  years,  and  Doctors  J.  W.    McCullough,   of  Blackwood, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  i860 ;  John  W.  Donges, 
University    of  Pennsylvania,    1866,  and    Charles   W.    Green, 
Dartmouth  Medical  College,  1867,  were  elected  to  membership. 
On  August  1 6th,  a  special  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the 
medical  enactment  of  1880.     At  the  semi-annual  meeting,  in 
November,    sections    on   jurisprudence    and    nervous    diseases 
were  established,  in  addition   to  those  already  existing,  and 
Doctors  O.  B.  Gross  and  N.  B.  Jennings  reported  attendance 
at  the  American  Medical  Association,  at  New  York,  in  June. 
[188 1.]     On  May  9th,  the  society  convened  at  Gloucester 
City  for  the  first  time.     With  the  exception  of  the  meetings 
held  at  Haddonfield  and   Ellisburg,  the  sessions  had  been  held 
in  Camden.     The  president,   Dr.    C.    H.   Shivers,  was  absent. 
The    standing    committee    reported    the    prevalence    of    an 
epidemic    of  small-pox    in    Camden ;    an   epidemic    of  typhus 
fever  at    the  County   Almshouse  ;  the  prevalence  of  malarial 
fever  throughout  the  county  and   the  presence   of  diphtheria 
and  scarlet  fever  in  Camden  every  month   of  the  year,  except 
July  and  August.     Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford  was  elected  president ; 
Dr.    E.   L,.   B.    Godfrey,  vice-president ;  Dr.   H.  Genet  Taylor, 
secretary;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer,  and  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden, 
chairman  of  the  standing  committee  and  censor  for  five  years. 

On  November  8th,  the  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at 
the  West  Jersey  Hotel,  Camden.  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  read  the 
report  of  the  section  on  medicine;  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  on 
obstetrics;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  on  surgery,  and  Dr.  D. 
Benjamin,  on  nervous  diseases.  Reports  were  made  by  the 
Asylum  committee  and  the  committee  on  medical  registra- 
tion. Dr.  Charles  G.  Garrison  was  elected  an  honorary 
member;  Doctors  C.  M.  Schellenger  and  H.  H.  Davis  were 
elected  members  and  Dr.  Charles  W.  Green  resigned.  Doctors 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  I.  B.  Mulford  and  E.  L-  B.  Godfrey  reported 
attendance  at  the  American  Medical  Association,  Richmond, 
Va.,  May  3d. 

[1882.]  The  society  convened  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel, 
May  9th.     The  president,    Dr.   Isaac  B.    Mulford,  was  absent. 


156  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

The  standing  committee  made  a  report  on  the  increase  of 
malarial  fever  and  its  tendency  to  assume  a  typhoid  form ;  on  the 
effect  of  the  deposits  of  mud  along  the  river-bank,  and  on  the 
common  use  of  bovine  virus.  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  read  a 
paper  on  "Humanized  and  Bovine  Virus"  and  Dr.  O.  B. 
Gross  reported  "A  Case  of  Hydatid  Disease  of  the  Uterus." 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  medical 
registration,  reported  that  there  were  no  illegal  practitioners 
known  to  the  committee,  since  the  law  of  1880  was  being 
enforced,  but  that  no  one  was  indictable  before  the  court  for 
illegal  practice  unless  action  was  taken  by  the  employe.  The 
work  of  this  committee  will  be  considered  under  the  section 
relating  to  the  medical  enactment  of  1880.  Dr.  E.  L-  B, 
Godfrey  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  John  R.  Haney,  vice-presi- 
dent; Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary;  Dr.  I.  B.  Mulford, 
treasurer;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  chairman  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee, and  Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck,  censor  for  five  years. 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  November  14th,  with 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  in  the  chair.  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin 
and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  reported,  in  the  section  on  surgery,  a 
case  of  "Compound  Fracture  of  the  Skull  with  the  Removal 
of  the  Greater  Part  of  the  Left  Parietal  Bone,  with  Recovery"  ; 
Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  made  the  report  on  medicine ;  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray,  on  obstetrics,  and  Dr.  Charles  G.  Garrison,  on  juris- 
prudence. As  an  effect  of  the  latter  report,  Dr.  Benjamin 
introduced  a  resolution  requesting,  in  substance,  the  section  on 
jurisprudence  to  prepare  a  bill  for  the  Legislature,  requiring 
all  expert  testimony  to  be  called  by  the  court,  instead  of  by 
parties  at  suit ;  that  the  presiding  judge  shall,  at  the  request  of 
either  party,  designate  and  summon  one  or  more  experts,  who 
shall  indicate  the  points  on  which  scientific  light  is  required, 
and  that  the  fees  of  experts  shall  be  paid  in  the  first  instance 
by  the  court,  but  eventually  added  to  the  costs  of  the  suit. 
This  resolution  prevailed  and  resulted  in  the  presentation  to, 
and  adoption  by,  the  State  Medical  Society,  of  a  bill  of  a  similar 
character,  prepared  by  Dr.  Charles  G.  Garrison.  The  bill, 
however,  was  not  presented  by  the  society  to  the  Legislature. 
Dr.  William  A.  Hamilton  was  elected  a  member  and  Dr.  J.  W. 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  157 

Wroth  resigned  in  consequence  of  his  removal  to  New  Mexico. 
Following  the  meeting,  a  banquet  was  served  and  the  following 
toasts  were  responded  to :  "Listerism  in  its  Application  to  Surg- 
ery," by  Dr.  Richard  J.  Levis,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital ; 
"The  Experiments  of  Pasteur  in  their  Application  to  Medicine,1' 
by  Dr.  J.  Solis-Cohen,  of  Jefferson  College;  "The  Discoveries 
of  Koch  in  their  Application  to  Medicine,"  by  Dr.  James  M. 
Ridge,  of  Camden  ;  "Artistic  Anatomy,"  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen, 
of  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy;  "The  Profits  and 
Loss  of  the  Profession,"  by  Dr.  Oscar  H.  Allis,  of  Jefferson 
College  Hospital ;  "  Medical  Specialties,"  by  Dr.  Charles  K.  Mills, 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  "Medical  Journalism," 
by  Dr.  John  V.  Shoemaker,  editor  of  the  Medical  Bulletin. 

[1883.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in 
Camden,  May  8th,  with  the  president,  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
in  the  chair.  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  spoke,  in  the  annual  report, 
of  the  prevalence  of  typhoid  fever  in  Camden  and  of  periodic 
fevers  in  the  count)-.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  read  a  paper  on 
"The  Revision  of  the  Pharmacopoeia"  ;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  on  the 
"Water-Supply  of  Camden";  Dr.  Charles  G.  Garrison,  on 
"Medical  Jurisprudence,"  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  delivered 
the  annual  address  on  "Syphilis  in  its  Relation  to  Marriage." 
Dr.  John  R.  Haney  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Dowling 
Benjamin,  vice-president;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary; 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer;  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden,  chairman, 
standing  committee ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Censors  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Schenck,  and  Dr.  Ellis  P. 
Townsend  and  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  were  elected  members. 
At  the  semi-annual  meeting  in  November,  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast 
reported  attendance  at  the  American  Medical  Association,  at 
Cleveland,  in  June ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  reported  for  the  section 
on  medicine;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  for  obstetrics;  Dr.  J.  M. 
Ridge,  on  pathology,  and  special  papers  were  read  by  Dr.  O.  B. 
Gross,  on  "The  Water-Supply  of  Camden,"  and  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  on  "The  Germ  Theory  of  Disease." 

[1884.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Gloucester  City,  May  13th.  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  occupied  the 
chair  in  the  absence   of   the  president,    Dr.   John   R.   Haney. 


158  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  read  the  annual  report;  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray  reported  "A  Case  of  Pyo thorax,  with  Recovery,  from 
the  Introduction  of  a  Drainage-Tube"  ;  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson 
read  a  paper  on  "Homoeopathic  Remedies,"  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey  a  paper  on  "The  Germ  Theory  in  its  Relation  to 
Disease."  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  was  elected  president; 
Dr.  E.  B.  Woolston,  vice-president;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
secretary ;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden, 
chairman  of  the  standing  committee ;  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin, 
censor  for  five  years ;  Doctors  Philip  W.  Beale,  C.  G.  Hoell  and 
Augustus  T.  Dobson,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1882,  were  elected  members,  and  ex-presidents 
I.  Gilbert  Young,  of  Philadelphia,  and  J.  W.  Heulings,  of 
Moorestown,  were  elected  honorary  members.  At  the  semi- 
annual meeting  in  November,  Doctors  J.  W.  Snowden  and 
D.  Benjamin  reported  for  the  sections  on  medicine  and  surgery, 
respectively ;  City  Council  of  Camden  was  again  requested  to 
establish  a  Board  of  Health,  under  the  laws  of  the  State,  and 
an  amendment  to  the  constitution  was  introduced  by  Dr.  E.  L. 
B.  Godfrey,  providing  for  a  regular  meeting  of  the  society  on 
the  second  Tuesday  in  February.  Doctors  Godfrey,  Taylor  and 
Mecray  were  appointed  to  arrange  for  a  special  meeting  at  that 
time  for  the  consideration  of  cholera.  A  resolution  was  adopted 
expressive  of  admiration  for  the  skill,  bravery  and  heroic  devo- 
tion to  duty  of  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin,  and  of  Dr.  Joseph  W. 
McCullough,  in  the  typhus  fever  epidemic  at  the  Almshouse, 
in  which  Dr.  McCullough  lost  his  life. 

Section  IV. — The  American  Medical  Association. 

[1880.]  During  the  period  under  consideration,  the 
Camden  District  Medical  Society*  was  well  represented  in  the 
American  Medical  Association.  In  1880,  Doctors  N.  B. 
Jennings  and  O.  B.  Gross  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
association  in  New  York;  in  1881,  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
Isaac  B.  Mulford  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  attended  the  meet- 
ing at  Richmond,  Va.;  in  1882,  Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  at 
St.   Paul,  Minn.;  in  1883,  Dr.   D.   P.   Pancoast,  at  Cleveland,. 


The  American  Medical  Association.  159 

[1884.]  Ohio,  and,  in  1884,  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin, 
William  A.  Davis,  0.  B.  Gross,  John  W.  Donges  and 
William  H.  Ireland,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  At  this  latter 
meeting,  membership  in  the  association  was  made  obtainable 
by  any  delegate  of  a  State  or  County  Medical  Society,  recog- 
nized by  the  association,  upon  application  indorsed  by  the 
president  and  secretary  of  said  society,  and  said  membership 
was  acknowledged  by  the  association  so  long  as  delegates 
remained  in  good  standing  in  their  local  societies  and  paid  the 
annual  dues  of  the  association.  At  this  meeting,  also,  the 
advocates  of  a  higher  medical  education  won  a  decided  victory 
and  extended,  in  a  marked  degree,  the  influence  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association  over  the  Association  of  American 
Medical  Colleges,  in  the  methods  and  extent  of  medical  teach- 
ing. This  was  largely  accomplished  through  Dr.  Dowling 
Benjamin,  of  Camden,  a  delegate  from  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey,  who  introduced  and  secured,  after  pronounced 
opposition,  the  adoption  of  a  resolution,  "urging  upon  all 
American  medical  colleges  the  necessity  of  elevating  the 
standard  of  education  at  least  so  far  as  to  require  a  preliminary 
examination,  a  three  years'  course  of  study,  a  registration  of 
attendance  and  practical  demonstrations  in  physical  diagnosis." 
The  resolution  was  opposed  with  vehemence  and  bitterness  by 
a  number  of  delegates  present,  who  were  officially  connected 
with  medical  colleges  and  members  of  the  Association  of 
American  Colleges ;  but  the  necessities  of  the  hour  demanded 
that  the  American  Medical  Association  should  again  take  an 
advanced  position  in  extending  the  curriculum  of  medical 
study,  and  when,  after  prolonged  debate,  the  Benjamin  resolu- 
tion was  put  to  vote,  it  was  adopted  by  a  decided  majority. 
This  movement  in  the  National  Association  was  in  accordance 
with  similar  resolutions  previously  adopted  by  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Camden  District  Medical  Society. 
Situated  between  two  great  centres  of  medical  instruction,  the 
necessity  of  a  more  extended  curriculum  of  medical  study  was 
so  apparent  that  the  adoption  of  the  Benjamin  resolution  met 
the  universal  approval  of  the  medical  profession  of  New  Jersey. 
The  desire  for  a  higher  medical  education,   among  the  physi- 


160  History  Medical  Professio7i  Camde?i  Comity. 

cians  of  New  Jersey,  was  based  upon  their  experience  of  the 
advantages  obtained  from  examinations  under  strict  medical 
law  and  the  disadvantages  arising  from  unlicensed  privileges  in 
medical  practice.  Medical  examinations  were  a  preliminary 
condition  to  medical  practice  in  New  Jersey  from  1772  to 
1854,  and,  during  that  period,  the  esprit  dn  corps  of  the 
profession  was  a  matter  of  just  pride  and  its  influence  was 
every  where  acknowledged  throughout  the  State.  But,  in  1854, 
through  the  rivalry  of  medical  colleges,  which,  as  joint-stock 
corporations,  sprang  up  with  mushroom-like  growth  in  Phila- 
delphia and  New  York,  aided  by  the  influence  of  the  disciples 
of  Hahnemann,  the  restrictive  legislation  governing  medical 
practice  in  New  Jersey  was  offset  by  the  enactment  of  a  law 
allowing  graduates  of  any  medical  college,  in  which  the 
principles  of  medicine  were  taught  through  two  courses  of 
instruction  of  sixteen  weeks  each,  to  practice  medicine  upon 
filing  their  diplomas  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  in  which 
they  had  decided  to  practice.  In  consequence  of  this  legisla- 
tion, the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  surrendered  its  examin- 
ing privileges  in  1866;  physicians  multiplied  rapidly  and  the 
title  of  Doctor  was  despoiled  of  much  of  its  former  dignity. 
In  1880,  the  need  of  restrictive  measures  governing  medical 
practice  became  so  apparent  that  the  filing  of  a  fraudulent 
diploma  was  made  a  misdemeanor,  and  this  was  further 
enforced,  in  1883,  by  an  Act  of  Legislature,  requiring  county 
clerks  to  report  to  the  State  Board  of  Health  the  names  of  all 
physicians  filing  their  diplomas,  with  the  name  of  the  college 
from  which  they  had  graduated.  But  this  was  not  sufficient 
to  prevent  the  possessors  of  diplomas  of  bogus  medical  colleges 
from  illegally  plying  an  honorable  calling,  and  it  remained  for 
the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  established  in  1890,  to 
free  New  Jersey  from  charlatans  and  quacks. 

Section  V. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1880.]  The  society  met  at  Princeton,  May  25th,  with 
Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  present  as  third  vice-president,  and 
Doctors  Taylor,  Benjamin,  Stout  and  Godfrey  as  delegates  from 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  161 

Camden.  Dr.  Snowden  was  elected  second  vice-president  and 
delivered  an  address  on  "The  Abuse  of  the  Obstetric  Forceps," 
claiming  that  much  of  the  gynaecological  work  of  the  present 
was  due  to  an  abuse  of  the  instrument.  County  societies  were 
requested  to  appoint  committees  to  examine  the  list  of  physi- 
cians registered  under  the  medical  law  just  enacted. 

[1881.]  On  May  24th,  the  society  met  a,t  Long  Branch. 
Dr.  J.  V.  Schenck  was  present  as  a  Fellow,  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden 
as  second  vice-president,  and  Doctors  Taylor  and  Godfrey  as 
delegates.     Dr.  Snowden  was  elected  first  vice-president. 

[1882.]  On  May  23d,  the  society  met  at  Asbury  Park. 
Doctors  Snowden,  Taylor,  Pancoast  and  Godfrey  were  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  Camden  society.  Dr.  Snowden  was  elected 
president  of  the  society,  and,  through  the  influence  of  the 
Camden  delegates,  the  next  meeting  of  the  society  was  voted  to 
be  held  at  Atlantic  City,  and  Doctors  Taylor  and  Godfrey  were 
appointed  on  the  committee  of  arrangements,  with  power  to 
add  to  their  number. 

[1883.]  In  accordance  with  arrangements,  the  society 
convened  at  Atlantic  City,  June  12th,  with  an  unusually  large 
attendance  of  delegates  and  friends.  The  committee  of  arrange- 
ments, consisting  of  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor  and  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  of  Camden ;  Boardman  Reed  and  Willard  Wright,  of 
Atlantic  City,  and  D.  B.  Ingersoll,  of  May's  Landing,  secured, 
through  General  William  J.  Sewell,  a  special,  complimentary 
train,  over  the  Camden  and  Atlantic  Railroad  from  Camden  to 
Atlantic  City  and  return,  for  the  use  of  the  delegates  and  their 
friends,  which  led  to  a  meeting  of  unusual  interest  because  of 
the  number  of  physicians  present.  The  society  was  welcomed 
to  Atlantic  City  by  Mayor  Charles  Maxwell,  Dr.  Boardman 
Reed  and  by  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  the  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee of  arrangements.  In  the  evening  an  elaborate  banquet 
was  served  by  the  citizens  of  Atlantic  City,  in  honor  of 
the  society.  Camden  was  represented  by  Doctors  Godfrey, 
Stevenson,  Tomlinson  and  Haney  as  delegates.  Dr.  John  W. 
Snowden,  the  president,  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Advances 
Made  in  Medicine  by  Physical  Diagnosis,"  in  which  he 
reviewed  the  history  of  auscultation,  percussion  and  the  array 


1 62  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

of  means  and  appliances  used  in  physical  diagnosis,  and  showed 
that  they  had  been  introduced  by  the  profession  within  the 
century.  Cape  May  was  selected  as  the  next  place  of  meeting 
and  Doctors  Taylor  and  Godfrey  were  again  made  members  of 
the  committee  of  arrangements,  with  power  to  add  to  their 
number. 

[1884.]  Thje  society  met  at  Cape  May,  in  June,  as  previ- 
ously arranged,  and,  through  the  committee  of  arrangements, 
the  delegates  and  friends  were  transported  from  Camden  to 
Cape  May  and  return,  on  a  special,  complimentary  train  over 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  through  the  courtesy  of  General 
William  J.  Sewell,  its  vice-president.  The  address  of  welcome 
was  delivered  by  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor.  Camden  was  repre- 
sented by  Doctors  Snowden,  Mecray,  Taylor,  Iszard,  Tomlinson, 
Branin,  Benjamin,  Davis  and  Godfrey. 

Section  VI. — Medical  Enactments  from   1880  to  1885. 

[1880.]  On  March  10th,  an  "Act  to  Regulate  the  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  and  Surgery"  was  passed  by  the  Legislature, 
approved  by  the  Executive,  March  12th,  and  went  into  effect 
June  1,  1880.  The  Act  provided  that  every  person  practicing 
medicine  in  New  Jersey  shall  be  a  graduate  of  a  legally- 
chartered  medical  college  ;  that  copies  of  all  diplomas  must  be 
recorded  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk  in  the  county  in 
which  the  possessor  is  practicing  medicine;  that  practicing 
medicine  without  conforming  to  the  Act  is  a  misdemeanor, 
punishable  by  a  fine  of  twenty-five  dollars  for  each  prescription, 
or  operation  performed,  or  imprisonment  from  three  to  six 
months;  that  illegal  practitioners  shall  be  disqualified  from 
collecting  fees,  and  that  the  recording  of  a  fraudulent  diploma 
is  a  high  misdemeanor,  punishable  by  a  fine  not  less  than  three 
nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  at  hard 
labor  for  not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  three  years.  The 
Act  revolutionized  medical  registration  throughout  the  State, 
in  that  it  compelled  the  filing  of  all  medical  diplomas  with 
clerks  of  counties ;  gave  an  opportunity  to  discover  the  validity 
of  recorded    diplomas;    made  fraudulent   registration    a   mis- 


Medical  Enactments  from  1880  to  1885.  163 

demeanor,  punishable  by  fine  or  imprisonment,  and  again 
restored  the  guardianship  of  the  State  over  medical  practice. 

Appreciating  the  importance  of  the  law,  the  State  Medical 
Society,  at  Princeton,  May  25th,  requested  County  Societies  to 
appoint  committees  to  examine  the  list  of  registered  physicians 
in  each  county.  In  accordance  therewith,  the  Camden  County 
Medical  Society  met  in  special  session,  August  16th,  to  take 
action  concerning  the  registration  of  physicians  under  the  new 
law,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Dowling  Benjamin  and 
J.  W.  Wroth,  of  Camden  ;  Edwin  Tomlinson,  of  Gloucester ; 
John  W.  Snowden,  of  Waterford  ;  John  R.  Stevenson,  of 
Haddonfield,  and  D.  M.  Stout,  of  Berlin,  were  appointed  a 
committee  "  to  investigate  the  legal  standing  of  registered 
practitioners  of  medicine  within  the  county."  The  committee 
met  in  September,  and  arranged  for  the  prosecution  of  their 
work  and,  at  the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  society,  Novem- 
ber 9th,  made  the  following  report :  "  There  are  eighty-five 
diplomas  registered  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk  ;  there  are 
nine  physicians  practicing  without  diplomas  and  nine  registered 
diplomas  of  doubtful  origin.  The  committee  recommend  a 
return  to  the  former  method  of  examination  by  censors  ap- 
pointed by  the  State  Medical  Society." 

The  report  produced  a  sensation  in  the  society.  It 
not  only  revealed  its  numerical  weakness,*  but  caused  the 
name  of  one  of  its  members,  because  of  illegal  registration,  to 
be  stricken  from  its  rolls.  The  recommendation  of  the 
committee  was  impracticable.  Instead  of  advising  the  societv 
to  maintain  the  present  law,  a  return  to  the  regulations 
governing  medical  practice  previous  to  1854  (which  the  State 
Medical  Society  had  voluntarily  surrendered)  was  recom- 
mended. The  recommendation  was  not  adopted,  but  the 
committee  was  continued  and,  in  1882,  reported  to  the  societv 
that  there  were  no  illegal  practitioners  of  medicine  within 
the  county.  The  need  of  a  restraining  law  to  assure  the 
public  that  each  practitioner  was  a  graduate  of  an  authorized 
school  of  medicine  was  manifest.     Of  the  eighty -five  registered 

*Of  the  ninety-four  physicians  practicing  within  Camden  county,  fifty- four  were 
graduates  of  the  regular  system  of  medicine  and  only  thirty-eight  were  members  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  .Society. 


164  History  Medical  Profession  Camdeji  County . 

practitioners  in  Camden  county,  twenty-nine  were  graduates  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  nineteen,  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College  ;  thirteen,  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College  ;  five,  of 
Pennsylvania  College  of  Homoeopathic  Medicine ;  four,  of 
Penn  Medical  University;  three,  of  Philadelphia  University  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery;  two,  of  the  University  of  Maryland; 
one  each  of  the  University  of  Glasgow,  Dartmouth  College, 
Northwestern  University  of  Chicago,  Harvard  Medical  School, 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College,  Pennsylvania  Homoeopathic  College,  Eclectic 
Medical  College,  Woman's  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  of 
New  York  and  the  American  Veterinary  College.  Of  these 
institutions,  nearly  one-third  are  now  defunct ;  not,  however, 
through  the  direct  efforts  of  the  medical  profession,  but  chiefly 
through  the  exposure  of  the  charlatanism  of  some  of  them  by 
the  Philadelphia  Record  of  that  year.  The  progress  made  in 
the  legal  protection  of  the  medical  profession  was  not  confined 
to  New  Jersey.  In  1877,  Illinois  took  the  initial  steps  in  the 
licensing  and  registration  of  physicians,  and  the  protection  of 
the  public  from  charlatanism,  and  it  was  discovered  that  out 
of  seven  thousand  six  hundred  physicians  in  that  State,  only 
three  thousand  six  hundred  were  legalized  practitioners. 

In  addition  to  the  Act  just  considered,  an  "Act  Respect- 
ing Bridges"  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  "exempting 
physicians  from  a  penalty  for  driving  faster  than  a  walk  over 
a  bridge  while  visiting  patients,  but  liable  to  damages  for 
reckless  or  negligent  driving." 

[1881.]  The  medical  Act  of  1880  seemed,  however,  to 
work  some  hardship,  and,  on  March  2,  1881,  a  supplementary 
law  was  enacted  by  the  Legislature,  exempting  any  physician 
from  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  the  previous  year,  who  had 
practiced  twenty  years  in  one  place. 

[1882.]  A  further  modifying  supplement  was  enacted  in 
1882,  providing  that  physicians  and  surgeons,  graduates  of 
medical  colleges,  who  should  deposit  their  diplomas  with  the 
county  clerk  within  one  year,  shall  not  be  subject  to  the  fines 
and  penalties  prescribed  in  the  Act  of  1880. 

[1883.]     On  March  28,  1883,  a  further  supplement  to  the 


Epidem  ic  Diseases .  1 65 

medical  Act  of  1880  was  secured,  through  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  requiring  county  clerks  to  furnish  the  board,  once  a 
year,  with  a  list  of  all  physicians  and  surgeons  who  had  regis- 
tered copies  of  their  diplomas  during  the  year,  with  the  name 
of  the  institution  from  which  each  had  graduated.  This 
amendment  was  secured  because  the  unscientific  death  reports 
forwarded  to  the  board  necessitated  a  knowledge  of  the 
professional  standing  of  physicians,  in  regard  to  the  facts  of 
their  graduation  and  registration  and  their  right,  under  the 
law,  to  give  a  certificate  of  death.  As  a  result  of  this  amend- 
ment, the  names  of  sixty -nine  physicians  were  forwarded  to  the 
State  Board  of  Health  as  practitioners  in  Camden  ;  six,  from 
Gloucester  City ;  six,  from  Haddonfield  ;  four,  from  Berlin  ; 
two,  from  Blackwood  ;  one  each  from  Merchantville,  Marlton 
and  Waterford,  and  twenty-eight  without  post-office  address, 
but  presumably  from  Philadelphia,  making,  in  all,  one  hundred 
and  eighteen  registered  physicians  in  Camden  county.  At 
this  time,  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  had  thirty- 
seven  members. 

[1884.]  In  1884,  an  Act  of  Legislature,  defining  a 
homoeopathic  physician  to  be  a  graduate  of  a  homoeopathic 
college  or  a  member  of  a  homoeopathic  medical  society,  was 
passed. 

Section  VII. — Epidemic  Diseases, 
a.     small-pox. 

[1880.]  In  February,  small-pox  appeared  in  Camden  and 
assumed  an  epidemic  form  of  unusual  severity,  both  in  its 
extent  and  fatality,  because  of  the  inadequate  means  employed 
by  the  sanitary  committee  of  City  Council  to  arrest  it.  The 
Camden  City  Medical  Society,  appreciating  the  urgent  need 
of  municipal  supervision  over  the  epidemic,  urged  the  sanitary 
committee  to  enforce  vaccination  and  quarantine,  which  the 
committee  claimed  could  only  be  done,  to  a  limited  extent, 
under  existing  municipal  laws.  City  Council  was  the  source 
of  authority  for  the  operations  of  the  committee,  and,  conse- 
quently, the  sanitary  provisions  of  the  city  were  not  abreast  of 
the  times ;  vaccination  and  quarantine  were  tardily  enforced 
and  cases  of  contagious  diseases  were  indifferently  reported. 


1 66  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Up  to  June,  ten  deaths  were  reported  in  the  city ;  in  July,  a 
temporary  hospital  was  erected  by  the  sanitary  committee 
upon  vacant  lots  in  the  Eighth  ward,  against  which,  however, 
an  injunction  was  issued,  but  was  dissolved,  July  26th. 
Dr.  C.  M.  Schellenger  was  appointed  physician  to  the  hospital 
and  rendered  invaluable  service.  On  Jul)-  28th,  Dr.  E.  M. 
Hunt,  secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  met  the  sanitary 
committee  and  a  number  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the  city 
in  a  conference,  and  urged  a  general  vaccination  and  the  segre- 
gation of  small-pox  cases.  Provisions,  however,  were  not  made 
by  the  sanitary  committee  for  free  vaccination  of  the  public. 
On  August  4th,  the  managers  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary, 
because  of  the  continued  spread  of  the  epidemic  and  the  inade- 
quate means  provided  to  arrest  it,  invited  Dr.  Hunt  and  the 
members  of  the  sanitary  committee  to  a  conference,  August 
1 6th,  and  a  general  vaccination  was  then  agreed  to,  and  subse- 
quently ordered.  During  the  remainder  of  the  month,  eight 
thousand  persons  were  reported  to  have  been  vaccinated.  On 
August  2 2d,  thirty-eight  cases  of  small-pox  were  reported  in 
the  hospital  and  sixty  in  the  city.  Following  the  general 
vaccination  and  the  segregation  of  cases,  the  epidemic  yielded, 
but  lingered  through  a  series  of  months,  to  the  great  detriment 
of  the  city.  Six  hundred  and  eighty-eight  cases  were  reported 
with  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  deaths.*  During  1880,  and 
up  to  July,  1 88 1,  one  hundred  and  forty-four  death  certificates 
from  small-pox  in  Camden  were  filed  in  the  office  of  the  State 
Board  of  Health. 

During  the  epidemic  under  consideration,  Dr.  John  W. 
Donges  was  a  member  of  City  Council,  having  been  first 
elected  in  1878,  and,  at  this  time,  served  as  a  member  of  the 
sanitary  committee.  Dr.  Donges  used  his  best  endeavors  to 
check  the  spread  of  the  epidemic  and  to  further  the  sanitary 
interests  of  the  city,  and  supervised  the  transportation  of  the 
afflicted  to  the  hospital,  free  of  charge.  For  his  intrepid  and 
unselfish  services  and  his  efficiency  during  the  epidemic,  City 
Council  unanimously  passed  the  following  resolutions  and 
ordered  them  framed : 


:  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  for  iS 


Epidemic  Diseases.  167 

Council  Chamber,  City  Hall, 

Camden,  April  28,  1881. 

"At  a  stated  meeting  of  City  Council,  held  on  the  above  date,  it  was 
unanimously 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  to  draft  suitable  reso- 
lutions conveying  the  thanks  of  this  body  to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.  D.,  for  special 
services  rendered  as  a  member  of  the  Camden  Board  of  Health,  during  the 
prevalence  of  small-pox  in  our  city  in  the  fall  of  i879-'8o. 

The  committee  reported  the  following,  which  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

Whereas,  The  citizens  of  this  community,  through  their  representa- 
tives, having  expressed  an  earnest  desire  that  a  token  of  public  appreciation 
should  be  extended  to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.  D.,  for  the  fearless  and  faithful 
discharge  of  his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Health,  be  it  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  sincere  and  heartfelt  thanks  of  this  body  and  commu- 
nity are  hereby  extended  to  J.  W.  Donges,  M.  D.,  member  of  City  Council 
from  the  Eighth  Ward,  and  member  of  the  Board  of  Health,  for  his  indefati- 
gable, self-sacrificing  and  successful  efforts  to  obliterate  the  loathsome 
disease  that  infested  our  city. 

Resolved,  That  to  his  valuable  assistance  and  wise  professional  judgment 
is  due  the  successful  effort  of  the  board  in  preventing  a  wide-spread 
epidemic,  and  placing  practical  safeguards  against  a  recurrence  of  the 
disease  for  years  to  come. 

Resolved,  That  his  exceptional  care  and  provision  for  the  comfort  of  the 
public  patients  commands  their  gratitude  in  a  manner  that  words  are 
inadequate  to  express. 

James  P.  Michellon,  President,  City  Council, 
Frank  F.  Michellon,  Clerk,  City  Council. 

Alex.  J.  MlLLIETTE,    \ 

Wilbur  F.  Rose,         [■  Committee." 

F.  P.  Pfeiffer,  ) 

B.       VACCINATION. 

During  this  epidemic  of  small-pox,  Dr.  E.  Iy.  B.  Godfrey 

published  a  monograph  on  "Dr.  Edward  Jenner's  Discovery  of 

Vaccination."     After   reciting    the    brilliant    experiments    of 

Dr.  Jenner,  which  began    on    the    14th    of   May,   1796,  and 

which    have    placed    the    practice    of    vaccination    upon    an 

unshaken  basis,   the   history    of  vaccination  in  both   Europe 

and  America  was  outlined,  and  its  effects  upon  the  public  and 

the  medical  profession  were  portrayed.     The  monograph  closed 

with  the  following  paragraphs : 

"  Nearly  one  hundred  years  have  passed  since  Jenner  announced  to  the 
world  his  discovery  of  vaccination.  The  most  loathsome  and  universally 
destructive  of  all  the  acute  diseases  known  to  man  has  been  stayed  in  its 


1 68  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

deadly  progress  and  greatly  divested  of  the  virulence  of  its  infecting  poison. 
Mankind  of  every  language,  creed  and  clime  have  broken  down  all  barriers 
and  received  even  from  profane  hands  its  protective  power,  and,  had  legal 
enactments  compelled  vaccination,  small-pox  would  be  known  only  from  its 
gloomy  records  in  the  past. 

Every  age  has  been  marked  with  the  results  of  its  geniuses.  Neither  the 
genius  of  the  sculptors  of  the  Periclean  age  of  the  ancient  world,  nor  of  the 
romantic  and  dramatic  poets,  philosophers  or  historians  of  the  Elizabethan 
age  of  the  modern  world,  have  furnished  anything  whose  results  have  sur- 
passed the  immediate  and  universal  good  of  the  discovery  of  vaccination. 
Cuvier  has  said,  'If  vaccination  were  the  only  discovery  of  the  epoch,  it 
would  serve  to  render  it  illustrious  forever.' 

.  Living  to  see  the  practice  of  vaccination  adopted  in  every  quarter  of 
the  civilized  world,  Jenner  died  on  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  January,  A.  D., 
1823,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-four,  conscious  that  the  imperishable  effort 
of  his  consistent  life  made  him  universally  recognized  as  a  willing  benefactor 
of  his  kind.  If  burned  cities  and  desolated  countries  make  the  soldier- 
worthy  of  monumental  marble,  then,  indeed,  has  vaccination  erected  to 
Edward  Jenner  an  enduring  monument  and  '  inscribed  the  marble  with  his 
name.' 

'  More  than  armies  to  the  public  weal 
Is  a  wise  physician,  skilled  our  wounds  to  heal.' 

On  the  monument  that  marks  his  resting-place,  his  generous  country- 
men have  inscribed  in  poetic  verse  the  measure  of  his  greatness : 

'  Within  this  tomb  hath  found  a  resting-place 
The  great  physician  of  the  human  race — 
Immortal  Jenner,  whose  gigantic  mind 
Brought  life  and  health  to  more  than  half  mankind. 
Let  rescued  infancy  his  worth  proclaim, 
And  lisp  our  blessings  on  his  honored  name ! 
And  radiant  beauty  drop  her  saddest  tear, 
For  beauty's  truest,  trustiest  friend  lies  here. '  " 

C.       TYPHUS  FEVER. 

[1880.]  On  November  24th,  typhus  fever  was  conveyed 
to  the  Camden  County  Almshouse,  at  Blackwood,  through  the 
admission  of  a  subject  from  a  sailors'  boarding-house  in  Phila- 
delphia. At  this  time,  the  Almshouse  contained  two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  inmates  and  was  without  proper  hospital 
facilities.  The  original  building  was  constructed  in  1864  and 
enlarged  in  187 1.  The  present  hospital  building  was  then 
under  course  of  construction,  which  necessitated  the  overcrowd- 
ing of  the  main  building  with  fever  subjects.  In  consequence  of 
this,  and  of  the  prevailing  cold  weather,  which  rendered  venti- 


Epidemic  Diseases.  169 

lation  ineffective,  the  disease  spread  rapidly  and,  by  the  latter 
part  of  December,  there  were  forty-one  cases  of  the  fever.    The 
importance  of  the  epidemic  was  recognized  by  Doctors  Henry  E. 
Branin  and  Joseph  W.  McCullough,  the  attending  physicians, 
who  urged  the  segregation  of  fever  subjects  and  the  speedy 
completion    of    the    new   hospital    building.        Through    the 
strenuous  exertions  of  Messrs.  John  Gill,  Thomas  Wentz  and 
Louis  T.  Derousse,  the  Almshouse  committee  of  the  Board  of 
Freeholders,    the    new    building,    containing    forty   beds,   was 
opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  before  the  close  of  the  year. 
Notwithstanding  the  increased  accommodations  for  the  care  of 
the  sick,  the  disease  continued  to  spread.     Early  in  January, 
Mr.  E.  A.  Ward,  the  builder  of  the   hospital,  contracted   the 
disease;  on  January  nth,  Dr.  William  Pepper,  of  Philadelphia, 
visited     him    in    consultation     with     Doctors     Branin     and 
McCullough    and,   after   visiting    the  Almshouse  wards,   pro- 
nounced the  disease  typhus  fever  of  a  malignant  type.     On 
January  17th,  Dr.  E.   M.   Hunt,  secretary  of  the  New  Jersey 
State  Board  of  Health,  visited  the  institution  upon  the  request 
of  Dr.   Branin  and,  with  Mr.   Derousse,  investigated  in  detail 
the   buildings,    drainage   and    water-supply    and    took    away 
specimens  of  drinking-water  for  analysis.     On  February  10th, 
Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt,  of  Trenton ;  Dr.  Franklin  Gauntt,  of  Burling- 
ton, and  Prof.  C.  F.  Brackett,  of  Princeton,  members   of  the 
State  Board  of  Health,  visited  the  Almshouse  a  second  time 
and  requested  that  a  post-mortem  examination  of  one  of  the 
victims  be  made,  for  which  the  board  would  pay  one-half  of 
the  expense,  in  order  to  determine  with  exactness  whether  the 
fever  was  typhus.    This  request  was  complied  with  and  Doctors 
James    Tyson    and    H.     F.    Formad,    of    Philadelphia,   were 
employed  for  the  work ;  three  post-mortem  examinations  were 
made  and  a  written  opinion  was  submitted  that  the  fever  was 
typhus.       From  November  24,  1880,  to  iVpril  9,   1881,  there 
were  one  hundred  and  three  cases  of  the  fever  treated,  with  a 
death-rate  of  thirty-three,  making  the   mortality  a  little  over 
thirty-two  per  cent.      The  death-list  included  Dr.  Joseph  W. 
McCullough ;    Isaac  P.  Wilson,  the  steward ;    E.  A.  Ward,  con- 
tractor and  builder  of  the  new  hospital  building ;    the  assistant 


170  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

matron  and  two  assistants.*  It  was  the  most  extensive  epidemic 
of  typhus  fever  ever  known  in  Camden  count)'.  Appropriate 
notice  of  the  death  of  Dr.  McCullough,  March  15,  1881,  was 
taken  by  the  County  Medical  Society  and,  at  the  semi-annual 
meeting  of  the  society  in  November,  1884,  a  resolution  was 
adopted  expressive  of  the  bravery,  skill,  intrepidity  and  devotion 
to  duty  of  Doctors  Branin  and  McCullough  during  this  deadly 
epidemic.  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Hurif  was  elected  to  fill  the  unex- 
pired term  of  Dr.  McCullough  and  rendered  signal  service  at 
the  Almshouse,  during  the  epidemic.  He  has  since  held  the 
position  of  visiting  physician. 

Section  VIII. — New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health. 

[1880.]  The  services  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  were 
of  acknowledged  value  to  Camden  city  and  county  during  the 
year,  because  of  the  epidemic  of  small-pox  in  the  former  and 
of  typhus  fever  in  the  latter,  which  have  been  referred  to. 
The  board  educated  the  city  and  county  officials  to  a  higher 
and  broader  idea  of  sanitation,  and  reports  were  made  to  the 
board,  by  Alexander  J.  Milliette,  of  the  sanitary  committee  of 
City  Council,  for  Camden ;  Ezra  C.  Bell,  for  Centre  township ; 
Abel  Hillman,  for  Delaware  township;  Alfred  Hillman,  for 
Gloucester  township;  J.  Stokes  Coles,  for  Haddon  township, 
and  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  for  Stockton  township. 

[1881.]  In  response  to  circular  inquiries  concerning 
local  sanitation,  reports  were  received  by  the  board  from  the 
various  townships  throughout  Camden  county,  but  none  from 
the  city  of  Camden.  Hiram  E.  Budd  reported  for  Centre 
township;  A.  Hillman,  for  Delaware;  R.  B.  Stevenson,  for 
Gloucester;  Mathias  Simmerman,  for  Winslow;  J.  Stokes 
Coles,  for  Haddon;  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  for  Stockton;  John 
Horner,  for  Merchantville,  and  William  H.  Boker,  for 
Gloucester  City. 

[1882.]  The  policy  of  diffusing  sanitary  knowledge  by 
means  of  circulars  and   of  placing  the  responsibility  of  the 

*  "  The  History,  Origin,  etc.,  of  the  Epidemic  of  Typhus  Fever  at  the  Camden  County 
Almshouse,  by  Henry  E.  Branin,  M.  D."— Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  1881. 


New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health .  171 

public  health  on  local  boards,  empowering  them  to  meet 
sudden  sanitary  emergencies  and  to  enforce  local  health  laws, 
as  provided  by  the  sanitary  Act  of  1880  and  its  supplements, 
led  to  the  organization,  under  this  Act,  of  local  boards  in 
Merchantville,  Gloucester  City  and  in  Centre,  Delaware, 
Gloucester,  Haddon,  Stockton  and  Winslow  townships. 
Camden,  however,  still  acted  independently.  Reports  were 
forwarded  to  the  State  Board,  during  the  year,  from  Centre 
township,  by  Dr.  F.  E.  Williams,  and  from  Haddon,  by 
J.  Stokes  Coles. 

[1883.]  The  health  reports,  for  1883,  from  Camden 
county  to  the  State  Board,  were  made  from  Haddon  township, 
by  J.  Stokes  Coles ;  from  Gloucester  township,  by  Dr.  Joseph 
E.  HurfF;  from  Stockton,  by  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  and  from 
Delaware,  by  Dr.  F.  E.  Williams.  The  city  of  Camden  still 
continued  to  supervise  sanitary  matters  independently  of  the 
State  Board,  notwithstanding  the  efforts  made  by  the  County 
and  City  Medical  Societies  to  induce  the  organization  of  a 
local  health  board  under  State  laws.  Frederick  Bourquin  was, 
at  this  time,  chairman  of  the  sanitary  committee  of  City 
Council.  An  ordinance  had  been  introduced  into  Council, 
providing  for  the  organization  of  such  a  health  board,  but  it 
was  indifferently  advocated  because  it  would  deprive  Council 
of  some  of  its  political  power.  Impressed  with  the  belief  that 
a  board  of  health,  operating  under  State  laws,  would  be  more 
effective  in  executing  sanitary  measures  than  a  committee  of 
Council,  the  advocates  of  the  measure  continued  their  work 
and,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society,  the  following  resolution,  introduced  by  Dr.  Dowling 
Benjamin,  was  adopted  and  forwarded  to  City  Council:  "That 
it  is  the  opinion  of  the  society  that  the  interests  of  the  city  of 
Camden  demand  an  organization  of  a  board  of  health  under 
State  laws." 

[1884.]  Notwithstanding  this  communication  from  the 
County  Medical  Society,  and  the  efforts  of  the  State  Board  in 
1880,  as  has  been  related,  City  Council  still  delayed  action  and 
continued  to  control  sanitary  matters  under  municipal  laws. 
The  various  townships   of  the  county,  since  the  typhus-fever 


172  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Comity. 

epidemic    at    Blackwood,  had  organized,  in   1882,  under  the 
sanitary  code  of  1880,  and  were  co-operating  with   the  State 
Board  of  Health.     Camden  still  remained  independent  and  had 
forwarded  but  one  annual  report  to  the  State  Board;    viz.,  in 
1880,  following  the  small-pox  epidemic.     To  obtain  a  report 
of  the  sanitary  conditions  of  Camden,  it  became  necessary  for 
the  State  Board  to  appoint  a  special  sanitary  inspector.     This 
position  was  offered  to  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  who  was  unable 
to  accept  it,  and,  upon  his  recommendation,  Dr.  Onan  B.  Gross 
was  appointed.      The  sanitary  committee  of  City  Council  was 
officially  notified  of  the  appointment  by  the  State  Board  of 
Health.     Dr.  Gross  made  an  exhaustive  report  on  the  location, 
geology,  topography,  climate,  population,  streets  and  houses, 
markets    and    manufactures,    public    buildings    and    schools, 
slaughter-houses  and  diseases  of  animals,  cemeteries,  refuse  and 
garbage,  water-supply,  drainage  and  sewage,  public  health  laws 
and  expenses  and  vital  statistics.     In  concluding  his   report, 
Dr.  Gross  said:  "As  the  result  of  a  prolonged  inspection,  the 
sanitary    condition    of    Camden    loudly    calls    for    the    relief 
embodied  in  the  late  enactments  of  our  State  laws  in  regard 
to  local  boards  of  health,"  and   that    "the   board   should   be 
composed  of  practical  sanitarians  and  able  inspectors,  organized 
according  to  the  spirit  and  letter  of  approved  sanitary  science 
and  administrative  art."     In  speaking  of  this  report,  Dr.  E.  jVL 
Hunt  said:  "The  report  should   lead   to  a  vigorous  sanitary 
policy  in  the  interests  of  Camden  and  will  be  found  in   many 
respects  a  model  report  for  sanitary  methods  and  study  in  other 
localities."     In   consequence  of  the   inspection  and   report  of 
Dr.  Gross,  which  was  published  in  the  "Annual  Report  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health,"  the  sanitary  committee  of  Council, 
through   George  Van  Benschoten,  for  the  second  time  in   its 
history,  made  a  report  to  the   State  Board,  and  local  reports 
were  also  made  by  N.  Barton,  of  Centre  township;  Dr.  F.  E. 
Williams,  of  Delaware ;  Dr.  J.  E.  Hurff,  of  Gloucester ;  J.  Stokes 
Coles,  of  Haddon,  and  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  of  Stockton. 


The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Associatio)i .  173 

Section  IX. — The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association. 
[1882.]  The  organization  of  this  association,  which  has 
been  previously  considered,  advanced  the  cause  of  sanitation, 
in  a  marked  degree,  throughout  the  State.  The  sixth  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Trenton,  the  seventh  at  New  Brunswick, 
and  the  eighth  at  Trenton.  At  the  latter  meeting  (1882), 
Dr.  E. '  L.  B.  Godfrey,  of  Camden,  read  a  paper  on  '  'Animal 
Vaccine-lymph,  its  Propagation  by  Variolation  of  Kine, 
Retro-vaccination  and  Inoculation  from  Original,  Sponta- 
neous Cow-pox."  The  history  of  each  of  these  was  given,  and 
inoculation  from  original  cow-pox  was  shown  to  be  the  only 
true  source  for  obtaining  animal-lymph  for  the  purpose  of 
vaccination.  In  considering  these  sources  of  supply,  the  follow- 
ing conclusions  were  stated,  and  a  brief  summary  of  the  history 
of  small-pox  was  given  : 

"From  a  knowledge  of  the  cultivation  of  bovine-lymph,  and  from  an 
experience  in  its  employment  for  vaccination,  two  points,  in  conclusion, 
suggest  themselves : 

Firstly.  That  lymph  should  be  procured  directly  from  propagators  of 
acknowledged  skill,  intelligence  and  honesty  ;  not  through  agents  paid  from 
thirty  to  sixty  per  cent,  for  its  disposal 

Secondly.  That  this  association  should  recommend  legislation  that 
would  enable  the  State  Board  of  Health  to  cultivate  bovine-lymph  for 
gratuitous  distribution. 

In  our  generation,  when  vaccination  has  curtailed  small-pox  to  an  almost 
incomputable  degree,  but  a  faint  conception  can  be  formed  of  its  ravages  in 
former  times.  From  the  middle  of  the  sixth  century  until  the  announcement 
of  the  principle  of  vaccination,  near  the  close  of  the  eighteenth,  the  most 
destructive  epidemics  of  small-pox  prevailed  in  every  quarter  of  the  civilized 
globe.  Procopius,  who  flourished  in  the  sixth  century,  gives  the  first 
description  of  the  character  of  the  disease,  then  raging  in  epidemic 
violence  in  Egypt  and  Arabia  Bruce,  in  his  '  Travels  to  Discover  the  Source 
of  the  Nile,'  expresses  his  belief  that  the  abandonment  of  the  siege  before 
Mecca  by  the  Abyssinian  army  was  due  to  the  effects  of  small-pox  among 
the  troops.  During  the  ninth  century  the  disease  invaded  England,  and 
was  carried  throughout  Europe  by  the  Crusaders  In  1516,  it  was  carried  to 
St.  Domingo  by  the  Spaniards,  and  three  years  later  it  entered  Mexico, 
destroying  more  than  three  millions  of  its  inhabitants.  In  1707,  it  reached 
Iceland ;  extended  to  Greenland  in  1733,  and  in  a  short  time  destroyed 
one-quarter  of  the  population  of  those  islands  So  terrible  have  been  its 
ravages  that,  not  excepting  the  black  death,  which  destroyed  in  the  Eastern 
countries  during  the  fourteenth  century  more  than  twenty-four  millions  of 
people,  or  the  sweating  sickness  of  the  sixteenth  century,  has  this  scourge 
been  regarded  as  the  most  destructive  of  all  the  acute  diseases  known  to 


174  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

man.  Not  alone  for  its  great  fatality,  the  loathsome  condition  attending  it,  or 
the  disfiguration  of  those  who  escape  its  dangers,  but  also  for  the  demoraliza- 
tion it  engenders,  as  seen  in  the  prostration  of  business,  the  desertion  of 
friends,  and  the  abandonment  of  homes,  has  it  been  regarded  by  Macaulay 
as  'the  most  terrible  of  all  the  ministers  of  death.'  When  it  is  remembered 
that,  in  the  century  preceding  the  discovery  of  vaccination,  forty-five 
millions  of  people  died  from  the  effects  of  small-pox ;  that  more  than  two 
hundred  thousand,  according  to  Dr.  Lettison,  fell  annual  victims  to  it  on  the 
continent  of  Europe  ;  that  two  millions  perished  in  the  Russian  empire  in  a 
single  year;  that  the  yearly  mortality  in  England  was  forty-five  thousand, — 
forty  times  greater  than  it  is  at  this  time,  in  proportion  to  the  increase  of 
population ;  that  an  epidemic  existed  in  London  for  more  than  ninety  con- 
tinuous years;  that  cities  have  been  desolated,  villages  abandoned,  and 
armies  disbanded,  some  estimate  can  be  formed  of  the  transcendent  impor- 
tance of  the  discovery  of  the  principle  of  vaccination."* 

At  this  meeting,  Rev.  F.  R.  Brace,  of  Blackwood,  county 
superintendent  of  public  schools,  read  a  paper  on  "What  is 
Feasible  as  to  Method  and  Law  for  the  Protection  of  Schools 
from  Uncleanliness  and  Contagious  Diseases." 

[1883.]  The  ninth  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  at  Trenton,  December  6th  and  7th.  Dr.  Dowling 
Benjamin  discussed  the  "Germ  Theory"  in  its  application  to 
malaria,  which  theory  was  opposed  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt  and 
others,  because  malaria  was  believed  to  be  of  paludal  origin. 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  read  a  paper  on  "The  Germ  Theory  in  its 
Relation  to  the  Cause  of  Specific  Diseases."  Louis  T. 
Derousse  and  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  were  made  members  of 
the  Executive  Council. 

[1884.]  At  the  meeting  of  the  association  at  Trenton,  in 
December,  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  made  an  address  on  "The 
Work  of  the  Water-Supply  Commission"  and  advocated  the 
right  and  duty  of  the  State  to  protect  the  sources  of  water- 
supply. 

Section  X. — Miscellaneous  Interests. 

A.       NEWLY  LOCATED  PHYSICIANS  AND  DRUGGISTS. 

[1880.]  During  the  year,  the  following  physicians, 
besides  those  mentioned  in  ■  connection  with  the  Camden  City 
and  County  Medical  Societies,  began  practice  in  Camden: 
Dr.  George  W.  Henry,  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 

*  Annual  Report  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health  for  1883. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  175 

Pharmacy  in  1875  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1880; 
Dr.  John  H.  Sutton,  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  New  York  in  1877 ;  Dr.  E.  R.  Smiley,  a  graduate 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College  during  the  year;  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock,  a  Jefferson  College  graduate  of  1877,  and  Dr.  Thomas 
R.  Blackwood,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1870. 
Dr.  William  G.  DuBois,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  College,  1880, 
located  at  Gloucester  city,  but  subsequently  removed  to  Camden. 
During  1881,  Dr.  Sophia  Presley,  a  graduate  of  the  Woman's 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1879  ;  Dr.  James  G.  Stanton 
and  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm,  graduates  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College  in  1881,  and  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale  located  in  Camden,  and 
Dr.  Joseph  E.  Hurff,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  College,  1881, 
located  at  Blackwood.  During  1882,  Dr.  Robert  H.  Peacock,  a 
graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1 881,  located  at  Berlin, 
and  Mrs.  Jennie  Rickards,*  graduate  of  the  Eclectic  College  of 
Philadelphia,  located  in  Camden.  In  1883,  William  A. 
Westcott,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  during  the 
year,  began  practice  at  Berlin,  and  Doctors  George  H.  Jones, 
a  graduate  of  the  University  of  New  York,  1870;  James  H. 
Stanton,  William  Warnock  and  Joseph  H.  Wills,  the  two 
latter  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1883, 
located  in  Camden,  and  Dr.  J.  W.  Gardiner,  a  graduate  of 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1875,  located  at  Gloucester  City. 
During  1884,  Dr.  Guilford  Gunter,  a  graduate  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1880;  Dr.  William  C.  Raughley,  a  graduate  of 
the  same  institution  in  1884,  and  Dr.  William  Shafer,  a  graduate 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College  during  the  year,  began  practice  in 
Camden.  Dr.  George  D.  Woodward,  a  student  at  Swarthmore 
College  and  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1884, 
began  practice  at  Belair,  Md.,  and  moved  to  Camden  two  years 
after. 

During  1880,  William  H.  Braddock  opened  a  drug-store 
at  the  corner  of  Third  and  Elm  streets,  which  has  since  been 
removed  to  Third  and  Birch,  and  is  now  owned  by  G.  S. 
Hoffecker;  in  1882,  Dr.  N.  Davis  opened  a  store  at  Broadway 
and   Spruce  streets;    in    1884,  Dr.  William   Shafer  opened  a 

*  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 


176  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

store  at  Fourth  and  Hamilton  streets;  Dr.  E.  R.  Smiley,  at 
Third  and  Washington  streets,  and  Dr.  P.  W.  Beale,  at  Ninth 
and  Federal  streets. 

B.       YOUNG    MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

[188 1.]  The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of 
Camden  was  organized  October  16,  1878,  and  has  filled  an 
important  position  in  the  development  and  maintenance  of  the 
religious  interests  of  the  city.  The  growth  of  its  influence 
and  possessions,  from  its  organization  and  early  meetings  in 
the  lecture-room  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  Church,  now 
William  B.  Hatch  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  to  its  present  handsome  and 
spacious  quarters  on  Federal  street,  attest  its  popularity  among, 
and  its  usefulness  to,  the  young  people  of  Camden.  With  its 
development,  the  physicians  of  Camden  have  been  strongly 
and  actively  identified.  In  1881,  Dr.  E.  M.  Howard  was 
elected  a  member  of  its  Board  of  Directors  and  has  held  the 
position  since  with  much  advantage  to  the  association. 
Doctors  William  A.  Davis,  John  G.  Doron  and  A.  E.  Street, 
dentist,  have  each  served  for  a  number  of  years  on  its  govern- 
ing board  and  have  contributed  in  many  ways  to  its  success. 

C.       MILITARY    INTERESTS. 

i.      The  Association   of  the   Sons   of  Veterans  of  the    United 

States. 

[188  r.]  The  principles  and  the  organization  of  this 
association  originated  with  Dr.  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer,  of  Camden,* 
who  had  served  with  distinction  as  a  medical  cadet  in  the  navy 
of  Holland;  in  the  French  army  in  1825,  and  as  an  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-sixth  Regiment, 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  Rebellion 
of  1 86 1  to  1865.  The  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  which  preceded  the  Sons  of 
Veterans  in  the  order  of  organization,  were  also  originated  by 
physicians.  The  association  is  formed  of  the  male  descendants 
of  the  deceased  or  honorably  discharged  soldiers,  sailors  and 
marines  of  the  United  States  forces  who  served  in  the  Rebellion. 

*  MS.  Notes  of  Dr.  F.  P.  Pfeiffer. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  177 

Its  object  is  "to  keep  green  the  memories  of  their  fathers  and 
their  sacrifices  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Union."  The 
association  is  divided  into  camps,  State  organizations  and  the 
commandery-in-chief.  Among  those  in  Camden  county  who 
have  taken  an  active  interest  and  held  important  positions  in 
the  association  are  Doctors  E.  E.  De  Grofft,  of  Camden,  and 
J.  J.  Haley,  of  Gloucester  City. 

2.  Medical  Officers  of  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey. 
[1882.]  Important  changes  occurred  in  the  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, National  Guard,  this  year.  Major-General  William  J. 
Sewell,  colonel  commanding,  was  promoted  to  the  command 
of  the  Second  Brigade,  National  Guard,  and  Major  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  surgeon  of  the  regiment,  resigned  his  position,  June 
23,  1882,  after  a  service  of  thirteen  years  in  the  State  forces, 
dating  from  December  1,  1869.  Lieutenant-Colonel  William 
H.  Cooper  was  elected  and  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
regiment,  September  21,  1882,  to  succeed  General  Sewell; 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Isaac  B.  Mulford  was 
promoted  major  and  surgeon,  October  9,  1882,  on  the  staff  of 
Colonel  Cooper  to  succeed  Major  Taylor,  and,  on  the  same  date, 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  regiment,  vice  Mulford  promoted.  On 
November  21,  1881,  Major  Mulford  died  and  Lieutenant 
Godfrey  was  promoted  to  the  maj orate  of  the  regiment  and 
commissioned  January  4,  1883,  and  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  was 
commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  on  the  same 
date.  On  September  16,  1884,  Lieutenant  Benjamin  resigned 
and,  on  October  6th,  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson  was  commis- 
sioned first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  to  fill  the  vacancy. 
In  1884,  Levi  B.  Hirst  was  warranted  hospital  steward  of  the 
regiment  and  retained  the  position  until  1894,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged. 

3.  The  United  States  Pension  Board  of  Examining  Surgeons. 
[1884.]  This  board  was  established  in  Camden,  June  14th. 
Previously  to  this,  the  physical  examinations  of  disabled 
soldiers  and  sailors  were  made  by  Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong,  of 
Camden,  ex-surgeon  of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment,  Pennsyl- 


178  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

vania  Volunteers,  and,  if  approved  by  the  Pension  Bureau  of 
Washington,  the  applicant  would  be  ordered  to  report  for 
examination  to  a  United  States  Pension  Board,  then  only  found 
in  large  cities.  The  difficulty  and  delay  of  securing  examina- 
tions for  pensions,  by  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  this  vicinity, 
was  brought  to  the  attention  of  United  States  Senator  William 
J.  Sewell,  and,  through  his  influence,  a  board  was  established 
in  Camden  by  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  and  Doctors  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  James  A.  Armstrong  and  O.  B.  Gross  were 
appointed  to  constitute  the  board.  In  1885,  Doctors  Taylor 
and  Armstrong  were  succeeded  by  Doctors  James  M.  Ridge  and 
John  W.  Donges  and  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  was  retained.  In  1889, 
Doctors  H.  H.  Davis,  P.  W.  Beale  and  E.  P.  Townsend  were 
appointed  to  constitute  the  board.  In  1892,  Dr.  Townsend 
resigned  and  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  was  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacancy.  In  1893,  Doctors  John  W.  Donges,  John  K.  Bennett 
and  P.  W.  Beale  were  made  its  members. 

D.       POLITICAL  INTERESTS. 

[1882.]  In  the  revision  of  the  charter  of  the  city  of 
Camden,  in  1851,  the  power  and  authority  of  City  Council  to 
elect  its  presiding  officer  was  provided  for  and,  during 
this  year  (1882),  Dr.  John  W.  Donges  was  elected  president  of 
Council.  Dr.  Donges  was  elected  a  member  of  City  Council  in 
1878  and  won  distinguished  recognition  from  his  confreres, 
as  a  member  of  the  sanitary  committee,  in  the  epidemic  of 
small-pox,  in  1880.  He  was  the  first  physician  to  hold  the 
position  of  president.  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler  was  the  first 
physician  to  hold  a  councilmanic  position,  and,  since  then, 
Doctors  Charles  W.  Sartori,  Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer,  W.  B.  E. 
Miller,  John  D.  Eeckner,  P.  W.  Beale,  William  S.  Jones  and 
B.  S.  Lewis  have  been  members  of  this  department  of  the 
government  of  Camden.  In  1881,  Doctors  M.  F.  Middleton 
and  H.  H.  Davis  represented,  respectively,  the  Second  and 
Fifth  wards  of  Camden  in  the  Board  of  Education,  and  were 
re-elected  in  1882. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  179 

E.       SOCIETY  FOR  RELIEF  OF  WIDOWS  AND  ORPHANS  OF 
MEDICAL  MEN  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

[1882.]  The  plan  of  organization  of  this  society  was  first 
presented  to  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society  in  1850,  and  an 
Act  of  Legislature  was  secured  to  enable  the  members  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  to  provide  a  fund  for  the  relief 
of  widows  and  orphans  of  deceased  physicians  and  surgeons, 
members  of  the  State  Society  and  of  District  Medical  Societies. 
The  project  was  not  completed  until  May  20,  1882,  when  the 
present  society  was  incorporated  at  Newark,  largely  through 
the  influence  of  Dr.  Charles  J.  Kipp,  for  the  purpose  of  afford- 
ing pecuniary  aid  to  the  families  of  deceased  medical  men  and, 
also,  to  its  members  in  time  of  special  need.  The  society  has 
a  relief  fund,  for  the  purpose  of  affording  immediate  aid  on  the 
death  of  a  member,  and  a  permanent  fund  which  enables  it  to 
make  yearly  allowances,  when  required.  Its  president, 
Dr.  Joseph  D.  Osborne,  has  contributed  materially  to  its 
success  and  the  organization  has  assisted  the  families  of  a 
number  of  its  deceased  members.  Among  the  Camden  county 
physicians  who  have  become  members  of  it  are  Doctors  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  Joseph  J.  Wills  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey. 

F.       THE  PHILADELPHIA  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

[1883.]  This  society  was  organized,  in  1848,  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  a  delegate  relationship  with  the  American 
Medical  Association.  It  became,  in  consequence,  an  organi- 
zation with  a  large  membership  and  has  maintained  a 
close  affiliation  with  other  county  medical  societies.  The 
professional  and  social  amenities  of  the  county  societies  of 
Philadelphia  and  Camden  have  strengthened  the  bonds  of  pro- 
fessional fellowship.  For  a  number  of  years,  it  has  been  the 
custom  for  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society  to  entertain 
prominent  Philadelphia  physicians  and  those  from  other  places 
at  its  semi-annual  meeting,  and,  to  do  this  on  a  more  extended 
scale,  the  February  meeting  was  provided.  The  Cooper  legacy 
was  bequeathed  mainly  for  social  purposes.  To  reciprocate 
the  many  acts  of  hospitality  of  the  Camden  Society,  the  Phila- 
delphia County  Society  set  apart  October  10,  1883,  for  the 


i8o  History  Medical  Professio?i  Camden  County. 

purpose  of  entertaining  the  Camden  county  physicians  at  the 
hall  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  when  Dr.  E.  M. 
Hunt,  secretary  oi  the  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health, 
delivered  an  address  on  "Cholera.'' 

G.       THE  DRUGGISTS'  ASSOCIATION  OF  CAMDEN. 

[1884.]  This  association  was  organized  in  Camden, 
Jul}'  1,  1884,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  and  protecting  the 
professional  and  trade  interests  of  the  druggists  of  Camden. 
The  association  met  monthly  at  the  Camden  City  Dispensary 
and  existed  for  about  three  years.  For  a  time  it  sustained  a 
delegate  relationship  with  the  National  Pharmaceutical  Asso- 
ciation and  increased  and  profited  the  common  interests  of  the 
profession.  During  1885,  it  entertained  as  its  guests  the  New 
Jersey  Pharmaceutical  Society,  of  which  Prof.  Albert  P.  Brown, 
of  Camden,  was  president.  Prof.  Brown  also  served  as  presi- 
dent of  the  association  and  Stanley  C.  Muschamp  as  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  following  druggists  were  members: 
Doctors  D.  P.  Pancoast,  Dowling  Benjamin  and  George  W. 
Henry,  and  Druggists  J.  L.  De  La  Cour,  A.  W.  Test,  L.  H. 
Street,  George  D.  Borton,  Charles  E.  Slough,  William  H. 
Braddock,  Richard  S.  Justice,  Simeon  T.  Ringel  and  Ehrman 
Lehman.* 

Section  XL — Deaths. 

[1881.]  During  the  period  under  consideration,  Camden 
county  sustained  severe  losses  in  the  death  of  Dr.  Joseph  W. 
McCullough  and  of  John  Morgan  in  1881  ;  Doctors  John 
Y.  Schenck  and  Isaac  B.  Mulford,  in  1882  ;  Doctors  Sylvester 
Birdsell  and  G.  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  and  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen,  in 
1883,  and  Dr.  Randall  W.  Morgan,  in  1884. 

Dr.  Joseph  W.  McCullough  died  March  15,  1881,  of  typhus 
fever  contracted  while  on  duty  at  the  Almshouse,  Blackwood, 
during  the  epidemic  previously  referred  to.  His  death  illus- 
trated, in  a  degree  rarely  equalled,  a  devotion  to  professional 
duty.  From  November  to  March,  he  continuously  faced  the 
dangers  of  malignant  typhus  fever  without  sign   of  fear   or 

*  MS.  Notes  of  S.  C.  Muschamp. 


Deaths.  181 

relaxation  of  service,  until  prostrated  with  the  plague,  from 
which  he  died  a  martyr's  death.  No  such  evidence  of 
unfaltering  courage  and  heroic  devotion  to  duty  has  ever  been 
exhibited  by  any  physician  in  Camden  county,  except  his 
distinguished  co-laborer  and  confrere,  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin, 
and  his  successor,  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Hurff.  The  medical  fraternity 
of  Camden  county  owe  to  their  profession,  and  to  posterity, 
the  erection  of  a  tablet  at  the  Almshouse  to  commemorate  the 
heroic  services  of  Doctors  McCullough,  Branin  and  Hurff.  Dr. 
McCullough  served  in  the  Rebellion  as  assistant  surgeon,  and 
subsequently  as  surgeon,  of  the  First  Delaware  Regiment, 
and  participated  in  many  of  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  After  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  he  was  com- 
missioned an  assistant  surgeon  in  the  regular  army,  but 
resigned,  in  1866,  and  located  at  Blackwood.  In  1868,  he 
was  appointed  physician  to  the  Almshouse, — a  position  retained 
by  him  until  his  death.  Dr.  McCullough  was  a  member  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society,  which  took  appropriate  action 
at  his  death. 

John  Morgan,  president  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary, 
died  November  8,  1881.  For  a  number  of  years,  he  had  been 
an  active  supporter  of  the  dispensary  and,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  had  served  as  its  president  seven  years.  He  left  a  legacy 
of  one  hundred  dollars  to  the  dispensary. 

[1882.]  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck  died  July  25,  1882.  Dr. 
Schenck  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Rutgers 
College,  in  1844,  and  as  an  M.  D.  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1847.  He  located  in  Camden,  in  1849,  and  soon 
became  prominently  and  favorably  known  because  of  his  labors 
in  the  cholera  epidemic.  In  1853,  ne  was  one  °f  the  organizers 
of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  ;  in  1859  anc^  iri  1^73)  he 
served  as  president  of  the  County  Medical  Society  ;  in  1867,  he 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  ; 
in  1877,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
New  Jersey  and,  in  this  year  also,  upon  the  death  of 
Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen,  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  The  Cooper  Hospital, — a  position  held  by  him  until 
his  death.     Dr.  Schenck  was  the  most  extensive  practitioner  of 


1 82  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

obstetrics  Camden  count}'  has  ever  known  and,  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  was  the  acknowledged  leader  as  well  as  the  oldest 
member  of  the  profession.  It  was  said  of  him  that  he  averaged 
attendance  upon  a  parturient  case  daily,  during  some  years  of 
his  practice. 

Dr.  Isaac  B.  Mulford  'died  November  21,  1882,  in  the 
thirty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Dr.  Mulford  was  graduated  as  an 
A.  B.  from  Princeton  College,  in  1865,  and  as  an  M.  D.  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  187 1,  after  which  he  began 
medical  practice  in  Camden.  In  1868,  Princeton  College  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  A.  M.  In  1 881,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society.  He  served 
for  a  number  of  years  on  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary  and  also  as  physician  to  the  West  Jersey 
Orphanage  and  took  an  active  interest  in  their  management. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  the 
American  Academy  of  Medicine  and  of  the  New  Jersey  Sani- 
tary Association.  He  was  commissioned  an  assistant  surgeon 
in  the  National  Guard  of  New  Jersey  and  appointed  on 
the  staff  of  Colonel  William  J.  Sewell,  Sixth  Regiment, 
and,  upon  the  resignation  of  Major  H.  Genet  Taylor,  surgeon 
of  the  regiment,  he  was  promoted  major  and  surgeon  and  served 
on  the  staff  of  Colonel  W.  H.  Cooper  of  the  same  regiment, 
until  his  death.  Following  the  example  of  Dr.  R.  M.  Cooper, 
Dr.  Mulford  bequeathed  his  medical  library  to  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society,  on  the  condition  that  it  should  be  properly 
cared  for  and  known  as  "The  Mulford  Library."  The  library 
contained  a  choice  collection  of  books  and  was  valued  at  one 
thousand  dollars.  The  society  accepted  the  bequest  with  the 
conditions  named  ;  procured  a  proper  case,  catalogued  the  books 
and  appointed  a  librarian. 

[1883.]  Dr.  Sylvester  Birdsell,  whose  death  occurred 
during  the  year,  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College 
in  1848,  and  began  his  professional  career  in  Camden,  in  1850. 
In  1853,  ne  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society  and,  in  1858,  was  elected  president  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society.  He  held,  at  one  time,  a 
lectureship  in  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia. 


Deaths.  183 

Most  of  his  time,  however,  after  a  few  years  of  medical 
practice,  was  devoted  to  his  drug  interests  at  Fourth  and 
Walnut  streets,  Camden.  He  served  for  a  number  of  terms  as 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Dr.  George  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  died  at  his  residence  in  Camden, 
November,  1883.  Dr.  Pfeiffer,  a  native  of  Worms,  Germany, 
was  born  in  1806  and  came  to  America,  in  1833.  Previously 
to  this,  his  career  had  been  eventful.  While  a  student  at  the 
University  of  Strasburg,  he  entered  the  naval  service  of 
Holland  as  a  medical  cadet  In  1825,  while  cruising  off  the 
coast  of  Algiers,  he,  with  a  number  of  shipmates,  made  an 
incursion  inland  and  was  captured  by  Bedouins  and  retained 
a  prisoner  until  1830,  when  the  French  captured  Algiers 
and  liberated  them.  He  then  entered  the  French  army 
and  won  meritorious  recognition  because  of  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  country  and  of  the  language  and  customs  of  the 
Algerians.  He  remained  with  the  army  for  six  months,  when 
he  was  permitted  to  return  to  Germany  to  resume  and  com- 
plete his  medical  studies.  In  1833,  he  emigrated  to  America 
and,  in  1854,  located  in  Camden.  In  1856,  he  was  graduated 
from  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia;  about 
i860,  he  accepted  the  professorship  of  the  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Medicine  in  the  Penn  Medical  University  of  Philadelphia, 
which  he  retained  until  1864,  when  he  was  commissioned  an 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-sixth  Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He  retained  this  position  until 
mustered  out  of  the  service  in  1865,  when  he  returned  to  Camden. 
Dr.  Pfeiffer  was  a  master  of  eight  languages.  He  wrote  a  number 
of  books  and  translations,  for  the  benefit  of  his  countrymen,  on 
the  manufacturing  industries  of  the  United  States,  which  were 
published  in  Germany.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania;  Post  5,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Camden;  the 
originator  of  the  Order  of  Sons  of  Veterans  and  member  of 
Lodge  No.  51,  F.  and  A.  M.,  of  Philadelphia.* 

In  the  death  of  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen  (1883),  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary  and  the  medical  profession  lost  an 
active  friend  and  an  ardent  supporter.     To  him,  more  than  to 

*  MS.  Notes  of  F.  P.  Pfeiffer,  M.  D. 


184  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

any  other,  was  due  the  organization  of  the  dispensary,  and  his 
continued  interest  in  its  welfare,  as  a  member  of  its  Board  of 
Managers  and  its  president,  bears  testimony  to  the  singleness  of 
purpose  that  actuated  him  in  devoting  the  surplus  funds  of  the 
North  Ward  Bounty  Association  to  the  founding  of  the  insti- 
tution. At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  president  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  dispensary.  He  bequeathed  to  his 
family  a  record  ennobled  by  deeds  of  charity  and  acts  of 
benevolence. 

[1884.]  Dr.  Randal  W.  Morgan  died  at  sea  on  a  return 
voyage  from  Europe,  October  20th.  Dr.  Morgan  was 
appointed  to  a  cadetship  at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  at 
Annapolis,  but  was  obliged  to  resign  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  then  studied  at  Bucknell  University  for  a  time  and  was 
graduated  as  a  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  1870,  after  which  he  located  in  Camden.  In 
1872,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  In  the  same  year,  he  won 
distinction  in  an  epidemic  of  small-pox  prevailing  in  Camdenr 
which  has  been  referred  to.  In  1876,  he  was  elected  county 
physician  and  was  the  first  physician  to  hold  the  position 
under  the  legislative  Act  creating  the  same.  In  1879, 
he  established  a  drug-store  at  the  corner  of  Kaighn  and 
Newton  avenues. 


CHAPTER  X. 
THE  PERIOD  FROM  18S5  TO  1890. 

Section  I. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1885.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
was  held  January  13th.  The  report  for  the  year  showed  that 
six  hundred  and  twenty-five  patients  had  been  treated,  and  four 
thousand,  seven  hundred  and  seventeen  prescriptions  com- 
pounded, from  an  expenditure  of  $2,634.69,  including  all  the 
expenses  of  the  institution.  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  was  elected 
president;  Maurice  Browning,  vice-president;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  secretary,  and  Richard  H.  Reeve,  treasurer.  The  con- 
tract with  City  Council,  for  furnishing  medicine  and  medical 
attendants  for  the  poor  of  the  city  for  $1,600  per  annum, 
first  made  for  that  amount  in  1879,  expired  May  31st  Its 
renewal  met  with  opposition  from  the  managers  of  the  Camden 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  who  requested  the 
sanitary  committee  of  City  Council  to  permit  them  to  submit 
a  bid  for  supplying  the  poor  of  the  city  with  medicine  and 
medical  attendants  for  the  ensuing  year.  The  request  was 
complied  with ;  the  managers  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary 
were  duly  notified  and  solicited  to  make  a  bid  for  the  work, 
which  would  be  opened  and  recorded  upon  the  meeting  of  the 
committee.  The  invitation  was  officially  refused  and,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  bid  of  $1,500  from  the  Camden  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  and  Dispensary,  the  entire  contract  was  awarded  to 
that  institution  for  the  ensuing  year.  During  the  year,  the 
dispensary  came  into  possession  of  a  legacy  of  $1,000  from 
Elizabeth  Cooper  and  of  $100  from  the  estate  of  John 
Morgan. 

[1886.]  In  consequence  of  the  failure  of  the  dispensary 
to  secure  the  usual  appropriation  from  the  city  for  the  care  of 
its  indigent  sick,  an  effort  was  made  to  provide  a  sustaining 
fund,  by  means  of  private  subscriptions,  and,  at  the  annual 
meeting  in  January,  the  report  showed  that,  while   less  work 

185 


1 86  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

was  done  throughout  the  city  in  the  way  of  professional  visits, 
an  increased  number  of  prescriptions  were  written  at  the  dis- 
pensary and  the  expenses  for  the  last  fiscal  year,  amounting  to 
$I>335-34>  were  met  without  difficulty,  from  private  subscrip- 
tions and  the  interest  of  invested  funds.  At  this  meeting,  the 
managers  and  officers  were  re-elected,  with  the  exception  of 
Othniel  G.  Taylor,  the  pharmacist,  who  had  served  in  that 
capacity  since  the  organization  of  the  dispensary,  but  now 
resigned  because  of  ill-health.  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  was 
elected  pharmacist  and  interne  at  a  salary  of  $300  per 
annum.  The  effort  to  support  the  dispensary  by  means  of 
contributions  from  the  citizens  of  Camden  led  to  an  extension 
of  interests  in  other  directions.  A  constitutional  provision 
was  introduced  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  increasing  the  Board 
of  Managers  to  fifteen  persons,  eight  of  whom  should  be  elected 
as  the  representatives  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  and 
seven  as  the  representatives  of  the  annual  contributors.  Clinics 
were  again  established  with  the  following  appointments: 
Medicine,  Doctors  H.  F.  Palm  and  Jesse  J.  Wills ;  surgery, 
Alexander  McAlister  and  Joseph  H.  Wills;  gynaecology,  J.  F. 
Walsh  and  Alexander  McAlister;  diseases  of  the  eye,  E.  P. 
Townsend ;  diseases  of  the  skin,  George  T.  Robinson,  and 
diseases  of  the  throat,  F.  G.  Stroud.  The  report  for  the  year 
was  printed  for  distribution.  As  the  time  approached  for  the 
expiration  of  the  contract  between  the  city  and  the  Camden 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  the  managers  of  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary  realized  the  necessity  of  securing  at 
least  a  part  of  the  city's  appropriation  and,  as  a  result  of  the 
effort,  the  annual  appropriation  of  City  Council  for  the  poor 
was  increased  to  $1,800,  half  of  which  was  paid  to  the 
Camden  City  Dispensary  and  half  to  the  Camden  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  and  Dispensary.  An  agreement  was  then  made 
between  the  institutions  to  divide  the  city  into  regular  and 
homoeopathic  districts;  to  provide  medicine  and  medical 
attendants  for  each,  and  the  First,  Third,  Fifth  and  Sixth 
wards  were  assigned  to  the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  and  the 
Second,  Fourth,  Seventh  and  Eighth  wards  to  the  Homoeo- 
pathic   Hospital    and    Dispensary.     Dr.   Joseph  H.  Wills  was 


The  Camden  City  Dispensary .  187 

appointed  physician  for  the  First  and  Third  wards,  and 
Dr.  William  Warnock  for  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  wards,  on  the 
part  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary.  The  names  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispen- 
sary could  not  be  procured. 

[1887.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  January  and, 
under  the  new  constitutional  provisions,  Messrs.  Maurice 
Browning,  David  M.  Chambers,  Richard  H.  Reeve,  Joseph  B. 
Cooper,  Peter  V.  Voorhees,  Rudolph  W.  Birdsell  and  Henry  B. 
Wilson  were  elected  to  the  Board  of  Managers,  to  represent  the 
annual  contributors,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M. 
Mecray,  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  William  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis, 
Dowling  Benjamin,  J.  F.  Walsh  and  E.  P.  Townsend,  as  the 
representatives  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  Maurice 
Browning  was  elected  president;  David  M.  Chambers,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  secretary ;  Richard  H.  Reeve, 
treasurer,  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  pharmacist.  There  were  treated 
during  the  year  one  thousand,  three  hundred  and  ninety 
cases  and  three  thousand,  eight  hundred  and  twenty-three 
prescriptions  were  compounded.  The  contract  with  the  city 
($900)  was  renewed  in  June.  The  first  effort  to  enlarge  the 
dispensary  building,  or  to  purchase  a  new  building,  was  made 
during  this  year,  but  met  with  opposition  in  the  Board  of 
Managers. 

[1888.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  dispensary  was  held 
January  10th.  The  managers,  officers,  attending  staff  and 
district  physicians  were  re-elected.  Two  thousand,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-three  patients  were  treated,  at  an  expense  of  $1,216.64, 
during  the  past  year.  The  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Poverty  * 
was  given  free  quarters  at  the  dispensary  and  the  prescriptions 

*The  Camden  Society  for  the  Prevention  and  Relief  of  Poverty  was  organized,  in  1884, 
for  the  object  which  its  title  indicates  and  to  prevent  children  from  growing  up  as  paupers. 
The  managers  of  the  dispensary  placed  a  room  in  their  building  at  the  disposal  of  the 
society,  for  the  use  of  its  officers  and  superintendent,  and  the  society  became  the  recipient 
of  the  annual  appropriation  of  City  Council  for  the  relief  of  the  poor.  The  officers  for  1892 
were  as  follow:  President,  His  Honor,  the  Mayor  of  the  City  ;  vice-presidents,  General 
William  J.  Sewell,  F.  W.  Ayer  and  S.  H.  Grey  ;  secretary,  Edmund  E.  Read,  Jr  ;  treasurer, 
Wilbur  F.  Rose;  superintendent,  Abel  Smith;  directors,  D.  M.  Chambers  (chairman), 
Wilbur  F.  Rose,  Geoffrey  Buckwalter,  J.  Lynn  Truscott,  Rev.  Moses  Wilcox,  F.  H.  Burdsall, 

B.  C.  Reeve.  J.  B.  Fox,  E.  E.  Read,  Jr.,  Howard  M.  Sharp,  Joseph  P.  Weatherbyand  William 

C.  Dayton. 


1 88  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

from  the  out-patient  department  of  The  Cooper  Hospital,  and 
from  the  Camden  Home  for  Friendless  Children,  were  ordered 
to  be  compounded  free  of  charge.     . 

[1889.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  January  8th,  with 
President  Maurice  Browning  in  the  chair.  Three  thousand,  five 
hundred  and  eight  cases  were  reported  to  have  been  treated 
during  the  year,  and  six  thousand,  four  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  prescriptions  compounded.  The  managers  representing 
the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  were  re-elected,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  in  the  place  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh,  and, 
also,  those  representing  the  contributors.  The  officers  of  the 
Board  of  Managers,  the  staff  and  district  physicians  and  the 
pharmacist  were  re-elected.  The  contract  with  the  city  was 
renewed.  During  the  year,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  who  had  been 
identified  with  the  management  of  the  dispensary  for  seventeen 
years,  eight  of  which  he  served  as  its  treasurer,  died  and  left  a 
legacy  of  $500,  of  which  the  dispensary  came  into  possession 
the  following  year.  A  legacy  of  $2,000  was  also  received, 
October  29th,  from  the  estate  of  William  B.  Cooper,  who  was 
a  strong  factor  in  the  support  of  the  West  Jersey  Orphanage 
and  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Dispensary 
and  of  The  Cooper  Hospital. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1885.]  In  the  early  portion  of  the  year,  but  little 
interest  was  taken  in  the  City  Medical  Society  and  the  March 
meeting  was  not  held.  In  April,  however,  the  necessity  for 
the  organization  of  a  board  of  health  under  State  laws  led  to  a 
special  meeting  of  the  society  and  the  appointment  of  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Doctors  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  O.  B.  Gross,  H.  H.  Davis,  J.  F.  Walsh 
and  D.  Benjamin,  to  request  Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt,  secretary  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health,  and  the  sanitary  committee  of  City 
Council  to  meet  them  in  a  conference  concerning  said  organi- 
zation. On  June  15th,  the  conference  was  held  at  the  City  Hall 
and  measures  for  the  organization  of  a  board  of  health,  under  the 
State  sanitary  code  of  1880,  and  its  supplements,  was  adopted. 
At  the  annual  meeting  in  September,  a  resolution  was  adopted, 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society .  189 

which  became  a  constitutional  provision  in  1887,  providing  for 
monthly  meetings  of  the  society  at  the  dispensary ;  for  the 
appointment  of  an  essayist  by  the  president  and  for  the  serving 
of  a  collation  after  each  meeting.  This  marked  an  era  in  the 
history  of  the  society,  and  since  then  regular  monthly  meetings 
have  been  held,  except  during  July  and  August,  under  the 
conditions  named  in  the  resolution.  At  this  meeting,  a  paper 
on  "Burns  and  Scalds"  was  read  by  Dr.  D.  Benjamin.  Dr.  J. 
F.  Walsh  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  vice-president, 
and  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis,  secretary  and  treasurer.  In  November, 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  read  a  paper  on  "  Puerperal  Convulsions"  and, 
in  December,  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm  presented  a  paper  on  "  Negative 
Points  in  Practice."  Doctors  Joseph  H.  Wills,  an  A.  B.  of 
Haverford  College,  1868,  A.M.  of  the  same,  1871,  M.  D.  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1880,  and  ex-resident  physician 
and  surgeon  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Orthopaedic  Hospitals  of 
Philadelphia;  Jesse  J.  Wills,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1884,  George  W.  Henry  and  Philip  W.  Beale  were 
elected  members. 

[1886.]  A  spirit  of  progress  was  manifest  in  the  society 
throughout  the  year.  Papers  were  read  by  Prof.  H.  F.  Formad, 
of  Philadelphia,  on  "Criminal  Abortion";  by  Prof.  John 
V.  Shoemaker,  of  Philadelphia,  on  "Lupus";  by  Dr.  W.  H. 
Iszard,  on  "Post-partum  Hemorrhage,"  and  Dr.  C.  G.  Hoell,  on 
"Quinine."  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  was  elected  president;  Dr.  W.  A. 
Davis,  secretary  and  treasurer;  Doctors  Taylor,  Mecray, 
Godfrey,  Gross,  Benjamin,  H.  H.  Davis,  W.  A.  Davis  and 
Walsh  were  elected  as  the  representatives  of  the  society  in  the 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  City  Dispensary,  and  Dr.  John  W. 
Donges,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  Dr.  Nehemiah  Davis,  a  graduate  of 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  1878,  and  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1886;  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister,  Ph.  G.  of  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  1882,  and  M.  D.  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1885 ;  Dr.  William  S.  Jones, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1878;  Dr.  Frank  G. 
Stroud,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1885,  and  Dr.  William 
R.  Powell,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1877,  were  elected 
members. 


190  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County.     . 

[1887.]  Regular  monthly  meetings  were  held  at  the 
City  Dispensary  (No.  46  North  Third  street),  the  upper  room 
of  which  was  furnished  for  the  use  of  the  society.  The  consti- 
tution and  by-laws  were  revised  by  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Doctors  Townsend,  Godfrey,  Ireland,  H.  H.  Davis,  W.  A.  Davis 
and  Benjamin,  to  provide  for  monthly  meetings  (except  in  July 
and  August) ;  for  the  election  of  officers  and  of  honorary  and 
contributing  members  and  for  the  government  of  the  society. 
The  revision  became  operative  in  1888.  The  following  papers 
were  read  during  the  year:  "The  Cause  of  Cough,"  by  Dr.  W. 
S.  Jones;  "Croup  and  Diphtheria,"  by  Dr.  D.  Benjamin; 
"The  Removal  of  the  Uterine  Appendages,  with  Exhibition  of 
Specimen,"  by  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister;  "The  Treatment  of 
Phthisis  by  Gaseous  Enemata,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills  ; 
"Ovariotomy,"  with  a  report  of  a  case  with  recovery,  by  Dr.  J. 
F.Walsh;  "Ovariotomy,"  with  a  report  of  a  case,  by  Dr. 
Alexander  McAlister,  and  "Abdominal  Section,"  with  the 
report  of  a  case,  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh.  The  election  of  the 
officers  for  the  year  is  not  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  the 
society.  Dr.  William  Shafer,  a  graduate  of  Eeesburg  Academy, 
1872,  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1884,  and  Dr.  Robert 
Casperson,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1884,  and 
subsequently  a  student  at  London  and  Paris,  were  elected 
members,  and  Dr.  Harry  H.  Sherk,  of  Cramer  Hill,  was  elected 
a  corresponding  member  of  the  society. 

[1888.]  The  revised  constitution  and  by-laws  provided 
for  the  election  of  the  officers  of  the  society  in  January.  Dr. 
H.  H.  Davis  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  vice- 
president;  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis,  secretary  ;  Dr.  George  T. 
Robinson,  treasurer ;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  annual  reporter ;. 
Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  librarian  ;  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M. 
Mecray  and  D.  P.  Pancoast  were  elected  the  standing  com- 
mittee, and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  W.  A. 
Davis,  D.  Benjamin,  E.  P.  Townsend,  H.  H.  Davis,  A.  M. 
Mecray  and  J.  F.  Walsh,  the  representatives  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  City  Dispensary.  The  following  papers  were  read 
during  the  year:  "A  Plea  for  Pure  Milk,"  by  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock;  "The  Venom   of  Reptiles  and  Insects,"  by  Dr.   D.  P. 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  191 

Pancoast ;  "  Laparotomy  for  Plastic  Peritonitis,"  by  Dr.  J.  F. 
Walsh  ;  "  Trichina  Spiralis,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  in  which 
microscopical  views  of  the  parasite  taken  from  cases  in  his 
practice  were  shown  ;  "  Eeucorrhea,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Ireland  ; 
"Infant  Feeding,"  by  Dr.  William  Shafer  ;  "Uterine  Hemor- 
rhage," by  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend;  "Tetanus,"  by  Dr.  D.  Strock. 
Prof.  John  V.  Shoemaker,  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College 
of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  an  honorary  member  and  Dr.  John 
F.  Eeavitt,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  was  elected  to  membership. 

[1889.]  The  first  meeting  of  the  society,  for  the  year, 
was  held  January  10th,  when  the  following  officers  were 
elected :  President,  Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey  ;  vice-president,  Dr. 
Daniel  Strock ;  secretary,  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis ;  treasurer,  Dr. 
George  T.  Robinson ;  annual  reporter,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock ; 
librarian,  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm ;  standing  committee,  Doctors  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray  and  D.  Benjamin;  dispensary 
managers,  Doctors  A.  M.  Mecray,  H.  H.  Davis,  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  W.  A.  Davis,  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  E.  P.  Townsend,  O.  B. 
Gross  and  D.  Benjamin.  Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer  was  elected  to 
membership.  The  following  papers  were  read  during  the 
year:  "Nasal  Catarrh,"  by  Dr.  W.  S.  Jones;  "The  Cause  of 
Typhoid  Fever,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Ireland;  " Typho-malarial 
Fever,"  by  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson;  "Typhlitis,"  by  Dr. 
W.  A.  Davis;  "The  Human  Countenance  in  Health  and 
Disease,"  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Eeavitt ;  "Surgical  Shock,"  by  Dr. 
Harry  Jarre tt;  "Evolution  of  the  Four-cavity  Heart,"  by  Dr. 
O.  B.  Gross.  In  June,  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh  resigned  from  active, 
and  was  elected  to  honorary,  membership. 

Section  III. — The  Camden   District   Medical  Society. 

[1885.]  As  previously  arranged,  a  social  meeting  of  the 
society  was  held  February  10th,  to  which  a  large  number  of 
guests  were  invited.  This  was  the  first  meeting  of  the  society 
in  February,  and  its  success  led  to  a  change  in  the  constitution, 
providing  for  its  continuance.  The  meeting  was  under  the 
care  of  Doctors  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  H.  Genet  Taylor  and  A.  M. 
Mecray,  the  committee  of  arrangements,  who  selected  cholera 


192  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

as  the  subject  for  discussion,  because  of  its  prevalence  in 
Europe,  in  epidemic  form,  during  1884.  In  that  year,  Koch 
discovered  the  comma  bacillus,  and  claimed  that  it  was  always 
present  in  cholera,  found  in  no  other  disease  and  afforded  the 
only  means  of  propagating  the  malady.  The  subject  was  of 
special  interest,  and  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield, 
who  had  had  experience  with  the  disease  in  Camden  in  the 
epidemic  of  1866,  was  selected  to  present  it.  The  subject 
of  his  paper  was  "A  Germ  of  Cholera  in  New  Jersey."  Prof. 
Peter  D.  Keyser,  of  Philadelphia,  exhibited,  at  the  same  time, 
a  specimen  of  the  comma  bacillus  of  Koch  under  the  micro- 
scope. The  subject  was  well  presented  and  discussed. 
Cholera,  however,  did  not  gain  a  foothold  in  this  country, 
because  of  quarantine  restrictions. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at  the  West 
Jersey  Hotel,  Camden,  May  12th.  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  read 
the  annual  report  and  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy  read  a  paper  on 
diphtheria,  advocating  a  mercurial  treatment  both  locally  and 
internally.  A  resolution  was  introduced  and  adopted,  disquali- 
fying from  membership  any  physician  accepting  "  a  profes- 
sional position  or  attending  by  the  day,  week,  month  or  year 
any  corporation,  railroad  company  or  any  private  or  public 
society  for  a  less  consideration  than  the  schedule  of  prices 
adopted  by  the  society."  The  object  of  the  resolution  was  to 
compel  the  surgeons  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  the  Camden  and 
Atlantic  Railroad  Companies,  and  the  physician  to  the  Catholic 
societies  of  Camden,  to  resign  their  positions.  To  offset  it,  a 
counter-resolution  was  adopted  "  expressive  of  the  great  detri- 
ment to  the  medical  profession  and  the  society,  for  physicians 
owning  drug-stores  to  prescribe  medicines  without  charging 
legitimate  fees,  unless  done  in  the  spirit  of  charily*."  The 
primary  resolution  was  introduced  by  a  physician  operating  a 
drug-store  and,  consequently,  at  the  following  semi-annual 
meeting,  both  resolutions  were  agreeably  rescinded.  The 
following  were  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year :  President, 
Dr.  E.  B.  Woolston ;  vice-president,  Dr.  W.  H.  Ireland  ;  secre- 
tary-, Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor ;  treasurer,  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray ;  chair- 
man of  the  standing  committee,    Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  ;  censor 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society .  193 

for  five  years,  Dr.  J.  R.  Stevenson.  Doctors  Daniel  Strock  and 
Joseph  H.  Wills  were  elected  members.  The  amendment  to 
the  constitution,  providing  for  a  meeting  of  the  society  on  the 
evening  of  the  second  Tuesday  in  February,  introduced  by 
Dr.  Godfrey,  was  adopted.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting  in 
November,  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  made  the  report  for  the  section 
on  medicine  and  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis  reported  for  the  section  on 
obstetrics. 

[1886.]  At  the  February  meeting  of  the  society,  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Pepper,  of  Philadelphia,  read  a  paper  on  "  Typhoid 
Fever,"  which  was  discussed  with  fervor  by  a  number  of  the 
members  and  invited  guests.  .  Its  causative  agent  was  not  then 
believed  to  be  a  living  entity  and  the  nitrate-of-silver  treatment 
was  advocated  by  Dr.  Pepper. 

At  the  annual  meeting,  May  nth,  Dr.  B.  B.  Woolston 
presided ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  read  the  annual  report,  reciting 
the  appearance  at  the  County  Almshouse  of  three  cases  of 
typhus  fever,  which  were  quarantined  and  the  further  spread- 
ing of  the  disease  checked.  He  also  advocated  the  employ- 
ment of  salicylic  acid,  then  coming  into  use,  in  the  treatment 
of  rheumatism.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Shivers  presented  a  paper  on 
"Thrombosis  Complicating  Labor,"  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey 
spoke  of  the  necessity  for  the  appointment  of  an  inspector  of 
plumbing  for  Camden  and  of  making  the  street-cleaning 
service  a  part  of  the  public  service,  under  the  direct  supervi- 
sion of  a  board  of  health.  Dr.  William  H.  Ireland  was  elected 
president  ;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  secretary;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer;  Dr.  Alexander 
Marcy,  censor  for  five  years ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  chairman  of 
the  standing  committee,  and  Doctors  Joseph  E.  Hurff,  of 
Blackwood  ;  Jesse  J.  Wills,  William  Warnock  and  George  T. 
Robinson,  of  Camden,  and  Dr.  James  A.  Walmsley,  of  Glou- 
cester City,  were  elected  members.  Dr.  G.  W.  Bough  man,  of 
Gloucester,  resigned,  because  of  his  removal  to  Delaware. 
Delegates  to  the  State  and  other  Medical  Societies  were 
appointed.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  was  appointed  to  prepare 
a  "History  of  Medicine  and  Medical  Men  of  the  Society"  for 
publication  in  Prowell's  History  of  Camden  County. 

13 


1 94  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

The  November  meeting  was  held  on  the  9th  instant.  The 
following  papers  were  presented  in  the  section  on  surgery, 
which  was  the  only  section  to  report:  "Antiseptic  Treatment 
of  Wounds,"  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey;  "Strangulated  Hernia," 
by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross;  "Fracture  of  the  Lower  End  of  the 
Radius,"  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey.  The  medical  history  of 
Camden  county,  which  Dr.  Stevenson  was  appointed  to  prepare,, 
was  presented  and  received  with  much  favor  and  three  hundred 
copies  were  ordered  for  distribution.  A  committee,  consisting 
of  Doctors  John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield ;  H.  E.  Braninr 
of  Blackwood;  C.  G.  Garrison,  of  Merchantville ;  H.  A.  M. 
Smith,  -  of  Gloucester  City,  and  E.  P.  Townsend,  of  Camden, 
were  appointed  to  investigate  and  report  on  the  present  and 
prospective  water-supply  of  the  towns  and  cities  of  the  county. 

[1887.]  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Morton  delivered  an  address  on 
"Antiseptic  Surgery,"  at  the  February  meeting,  in  which  he 
illustrated  the  antiseptic  principles  of  Dr.  Joseph  Lister  and 
demonstrated,  from  the  results  of  a  series  of  surgical  cases,  that 
suppuration,  erysipelas  and  pyaemia  arise  from  pyogenic 
organisms. 

On  May  10th,  the  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Gloucester 
City.  Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  read  the  annual  report,  with  a 
report  of  the  following  special  cases:  "Scarlatina,"  by  Dr. 
Alexander  Marcy;  "Tapping  the  Pleural  Sac  in  Empyema, 
with  Recover,"  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey;  "The  Treatment 
of  Phthisis  by  Gaseous  Enemata,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  and 
"Traumatic  Tetanus,"  by  Dr.  L.  L.  Glover,  of  Haddonfield. 
Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard, 
vice-president;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  secretary;  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray,  treasurer;  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend,  chairman  of  the 
standing  committee;  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  censor  for  five 
years,  and  the  usual  delegates  were  elected.  Upon  the  volun- 
tary retirement  of  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  from  the  secretaryship 
of  the  society,  a  committee,  of  which  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  was 
chairman,  was  appointed  to  procure  a  suitable  testimonial 
expressive  of  the  appreciation  of  the  society  for  his  long-con- 
tinued and  faithful  services.  Dr.  Taylor  was  elected  secretary 
of  the  society  in  i860  and  served  until  1862,  when  he  entered 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  195 

the  United  States  service  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Eighth 
Regiment,  N.  J.  V.  In  1864,  upon  his  resignation  from  the 
army,  he  was  re-elected  to  the  position  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  1887,  a  quarter  century  of  service.  The  follow- 
ing were  elected  members  of  the  society:  Dr.  Lawrence  L. 
Glover,  of  Haddonfleld,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1882,  and 
Doctors  William  S.  Jones,  Alexander  McAlister,  Robert  G. 
Taylor,  George  W.  Henry  and  William  Shafer,  of  Camden. 

At  the  semi-annual  meeting,  November  8th,  Dr.  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey  made  the  report  for  the  surgical  section  and  Dr.  W.  A. 
Davis  for  the  obstetrical,  during  which  the  latter  exhibited  the 
obstetric  forceps  devised  by  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  and  stated  that 
they  possessed  the  combined  virtues  of  a  Hodge  and  a  Simpson 
forceps  and  could  be  obtained  of  the  surgical  instrument 
makers  in  Philadelphia.  Doctors  W.  H.  Ireland,  D.  Benjamin, 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  E.  P.  Townsend  and  E.  h-  B.  Godfrey  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  revise  the  constitution  and  by-laws. 
The  committee  on  the  water-supply  of  Camden  county, 
appointed  the  previous  year,  made  in  substance  the  following 
report : 

Wells  were  almost  exclusively  the  source  of  supply  throughout  the 
county  until  1845,  when  water  from  the  Delaware  river  was  introduced  into 
Camden.  In  1883,  in  an  effort  to  introduce  water  into  Gloucester  City  from 
Newton  creek,  springs  were  found  in  digging  the  basin  and  proved  of 
sufficient  volume  to  supply  the  city.  In  1886,  water  was  introduced  into 
Merchantville  from  springs  along  Pensaukin  creek.  In  1887,  water  was 
introduced  into  Haddonfield  from  springs  along  the  north  branch  of  Cooper's 
creek,  in  the  vicinity  of  Ellisburg.  Professor  George  H.  Cook,  State  Geolo- 
gist, is  authority  for  the  statement  that  "the  springs  along  Newton,  Pen- 
saukin and  Cooper's  creeks  arise  from  the  lower  sand  strata  interposed 
between  the  clay  beds  which  underlie  the  marl  beds."  The  committee 
condemned  the  use  of  wells  as  a  source  of  supply,  except  at  Blackwood,  and 
stated  "  there  seems  to  be  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  good,  wholesome  water, 
for  any  future  population,  from  the  springs  along  the  streams  in  Camden 
county  and  the  springs  should  be  guarded  from  an  influx  of  sewage  or  surface 
drainage." 

Dr.  William  S.  Long,  of  Haddonfield,  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1878,  ex-interne  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Hospital,  i879-'8o,  visiting  physician  to  St.  Christopher's 
Hospital,  1882,  surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Ken- 
sington Station,  i88i-'85  ;    Dr.  John  W.  Marcy,  of  Merchant- 


196  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

ville,  a  student  at  Lafayette  College  and  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1885 ;  Dr.  Guilford  Gunter,  and 
Dr.  F.  G.  Stroud,  of  Camden,  were  elected  members.  Dr. 
Stroud  resigned  the  following  year  and  located  at  Moores- 
town,  N.  J. 

[1888.]  The  first  meeting  of  the  society  for  this  year 
was  held  February  14th,  with  the  following  programme : 
"  The  Treatment  of  Typhoid  Fever,"  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  ; 
"The  Treatment  of  Spermatorrhoea,"  by  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh; 
"  Intubation  versus  Tracheotomy,"  by  Dr.  W.  S.  Jones ; 
"  Tedious  Labor,"  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Shivers. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Gloucester  City,  May 
8th,  with  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  in  the  chair,  who  delivered  the 
annual  address.  The  following  papers  were  read  :  The  annual 
report,  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend ;  "  Trichinosis,"  by  Dr.  Joseph 
H.  Wills;  "Sarcoma  of  the  Kidney,"  with  the  report  of  a 
case  in  a  child  sixteen  months  old,  by  Dr.  William  S.  Long ; 
"  Eleven  Broken  Bones,  with  Compound  Dislocation  of 
Shoulder,  with  Recovery,"  by  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  ;  "Sulphurous- 
acid  Poisoning,"  by  Dr.  Daniel  Strock.  The  position  of 
historian  of  the  society  was  created,  on  motion  of  Dr. 
Godfrey.  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  was  elected  president;  Dr. 
W.  A.  Davis,  vice-president ;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  secretary ; 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer ;  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  his- 
torian ;  Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden,  censor  for  five  years,  and  Dr.  E. 
P.  Townsend,  chairman  of  the  standing  committee.  In 
accordance  with  the  resolution  adopted  at  the  annual  meeting, 
in  1887,  the  society  presented  ex-secretary  H.  Genet  Taylor 
with  a  series  of  resolutions,  engrossed  and  framed,  and  a  silver 
cup  and  pitcher,  as  an  expression  of  their  regard  for  his 
faithful  service  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  The  presentation 
speech  was  made  by  Dr.  D.  Benjamin ;  the  reception,  on 
behalf  of  Dr.  Taylor,  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey. 

The  November  meeting  was  held  at  the  City  Dispensary 
on  the  13th  inst.  The  revised  constitution,  as  presented  by 
the  committee  appointed  the  previous  year,  was  adopted.  The 
following  papers  were  read  :  "  The  Treatment  of  Diphtheria," 
by  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend;  "The  Treatment  of  Typhoid  Fever," 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  197 

by  Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey;  "  Recent  Advances  in  Surgery,"  by 
Dr.  Alexander  McAlister ;  "Antiseptic  and  Aseptic  Surgery," 
by  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh.  A  section  on  hygiene  was  established. 
Dr.  Robert  Casperson  and  Dr.  Harry  H.  Sherk  were  elected  to 
membership. 

[1889.]  The  regular  meeting  of  the  society  was  held,  in. 
February,  with  the  following  papers:  "Empyema,"  by 
Dr.  Alexander  McAlister;  "The  Use  of  Quinine  in  Labor,"  by 
Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk  ;  "Nervous  Conditions,"  by  Dr.  H.  E.  Branin. 
Dr.  John  K.  Bennett,  of  Gloucester  City,  a  graduate  of  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  1878,  and  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1887,  was  elected  a  member. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at  Gloucester 
City,  May  14th,  with  the  president,  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard,  in 
the  chair,  who  delivered  an  address  on  "  Expert  Testimony." 
Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  made  the  annual  report  and  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  a  report  as  historian.  Dr.  WT.  A.  Davis  was  elected 
president  ;  Dr.  H.  H.  Davis,  vice-president  ;  Dr.  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  secretary  ;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer  ;  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  historian ;  Dr.  H.  E.  Branin,  censor  for  five  years,, 
and  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend,  chairman  of  the  standing  committee. 

The  November  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at  the 
West  Jersey  Hotel  on  the  12th  inst.  Reports  were  made  from 
the  sections  on  medicine,  surgery,  obstetrics,  pathology  and 
hygiene.  The  water-supply  of  Camden  was  made  the  subject 
of  discussion  and  Doctors  Ireland,  Gross,  Iszard,  Benjamin, 
Strock,  Townsend  and  Godfrey  were  appointed  to  present  a 
report  defining  the  position  of  the  society  in  relation  to  it. 
Dr.  Robert  G.  Taylor  resigned  from  active  membership  and 
was  elected  an  honorary  member. 

Section  IV. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1885.]  The  society  met  at  Long  Branch,  with  Doctors 
J.  R.  Stevenson,  O.  B.  Gross,  D.  W.  Blake,  J.  M.  Ridge  and 
E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  present  as  Camden's  representatives,  and 
Dr.  J.  W.  Snowden  as  a  Fellow  and  reporter.  The  by-laws  and 
the  rules  of  the  society  were  revised.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor 
was  nominated  third  vice-president,  on  the  first  ballot. 


198  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1886.]  During  this  year,  the  society  met  at  Sea  Girt, 
with  the  attendance,  from  Camden  county,  of  Dr.  J.  W. 
Snowden  as  Fellow  and  reporter,  Doctors  W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H. 
Davis,  D.  Benjamin,  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  H.  A.  M.  Smith  and 
J.  R.  Stevenson  as  delegates,  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  as  third 
vice-president.  Dr.  Taylor  delivered  an  address  on  "Medical 
Education,"  in  which  he  reviewed  the  legislative  history  of  the 
society,  with  special  reference  to  the  medical  enactments  of 
1830,  '51  and  '54,  in  their  relation  to  medical  education,  and 
claimed  that  medical  education  brought  into  existence  the 
American  Medical  Association.  Following  his  efforts  in  the 
interests  of  medical  reform,  made  at  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  1884,  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  intro- 
duced a  resolution  to  the  effect  "that  this  society  can  con- 
sistently recommend  only  those  medical  colleges  that  compel  a 
preliminary  examination  and  at  least  a  three  years'  course  of 
study."  The  resolution  was  adopted  and  contributed,  in  a 
great  measure,  towards  an  extension  of  the  curriculum  of  study 
in  the  medical  colleges  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York  and 
made  clear  to  many  of  the  leading  members  of  the  medical 
profession  in  New  Jersey,  the  need  of  a  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners.  The  society,  however,  subsequently  refused  to 
further  the  appointment  of  such  a  board.  Dr.  D.  Benjamin 
was  appointed  essayist  for  the  ensuing  meeting ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor  was  elected  second  vice-president;  Dr.  D.  Benjamin,  a 
delegate  to  the  American  Medical  Association ;  Dr.  W.  A. 
Davis,  to  the  Delaware  State  Medical  Society,  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  a  member  of  the  committee  of  arrangements  for  the 
next  meeting. 

[1887.]  On  June  14th,  the  society  met  at  Beach  Haven 
and,  after  a  session  of  much  interest,  was  elaborately  enter- 
tained at  a  banquet  given  by  C.  F.  Parry,  owner  of  the  Hotel 
Baldwin.  Among  the  delegates,  Doctors  J.  M.  Ridge,  C.  G. 
Hoell,  O.  B.  Gross,  H.  H.  Davis,  J.  Orlando  White,  Alexander 
McAlister,  W.  H.  Iszard,  E.  P.  Townsend,  J.  R.  Stevenson, 
H.  E.  Branin,  J.  F.  Walsh,  H.  F.  Palm,  J.  W.  Walmsley, 
Alexander  Marcy,  Charles  G.  Garrison  and  Sophia  Presley 
were   present    from    Camden   county.      Dr.    H.   Genet  Taylor 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  199 

attended  as  second  vice-president  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  as 
a  member  of  the  committee  of  arrangements.  Dr.  D. 
Benjamin,  essayist,  read  a  paper  on  "The  Present  Position  of 
Antiseptic  Practice"  and,  after  referring  to  the  marvelous 
experiments  and  successes  of  M.  Pasteur,  and  their  application 
to  surgery  by  Dr.  Joseph  Lister,  said  that  "antiseptic  practice 
is  based  upon  the  demonstration  that  putrefaction  and  decay 
are  due  to  the  presence  and  action  of  living  germs,  or  micro- 
organisms, and  that  many,  if  not  all,  of  the  contagious  or 
infectious  diseases  are  also  due  to  the  same  cause."  He  spoke 
of  "the  habitat  and  methods  of  distribution  of  germs," 
reviewed  the  recent  growth  of  antiseptic  practice  and  claimed 
that  "  the  adoption  of  the  system  is  absolutely  necessary  in 
private  practice  by  any  physician  who  assumes  the  responsi- 
bility of  a  case."  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  elected  first  vice- 
president. 

[1888.]  The  society  met  at  Schooley's  Mountain,  in 
June,  with  Doctors  J.  R.  Stevenson,  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  H.  H. 
Davis,  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  Daniel  Strock,  W.  H.  Iszard  and 
W.  A.  Davis  present  as  delegates  from  Camden.  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  a  member 
of  the  business  committee  and  a  delegate  to  the  American 
Medical  Association;  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard,  a  delegate  to  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  and  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis,  to  the 
Delaware  Medical  Society. 

[1889.]  The  society  met,  in  June,  at  Asbury  Park,  with 
President  H.  Genet  Taylor  in  the  chair,  who  delivered  an 
address  on  "Retrospection  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey,  with  some  Suggestions  as  to  its  Improvement."  After 
reviewing  the  organization  of  the  society  in  1766,  the  Colonial 
legislation  of  1772,  its  re-enactment  by  the  State  in  1783,  the 
incorporation  of  the  society  in  1790,  its  re-charter  in  18 16  and 
renewal  in  1830,  and  the  medical  enactments  of  1851,  '54  and 
'80,  he  suggested,  for  its  advancement,  the  establishment  of 
sections  for  the  principal  medical  subjects,  the  journalizing  of 
the  Transactions  and  the  founding  of  a  medical  library.  The 
last  suggestion  was  carried  into  effect  and  space  has  been  pro- 
vided in  the  State  Library,  at  Trenton,  for  the  purposes  of  the 


200  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

society.  The  yearly  Transactions  of  the  different  State  Medical 
Societies  are  being  added  to  it  and  the  library  numbers  many 
hundred  volumes  at  this  time.  As  a  mark  of  respect  for  the 
president,  Dr.  Taylor,  Rutgers  College  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  at  its  commencement  in  June. 
Among  the  more  important  subjects  for  the  consideration  of 
the  society,  at  this  meeting,  was  the  report  of  the  committee 
"On  the  Propriety  of  Establishing  a  State  Board  of  Medical 
Examiners,"  which  report  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddon- 
field,  prepared.  Dr.  Stevenson  presented  an  elaborate  review 
of  medical  legislation  within  the  United  States*  and  considered 
with  particularity  that  of  New  Jersey.  The  report  of  the  com- 
mittee was  adverse  to  the  establishment  of  such  a  board  and 
was  adopted  by  a  large  majority  vote  of  the  society.  In  the 
following  year,  a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  was  estab- 
lished, independently  of  the  society,  and  will  be  considered 
under  its  own  section.  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  was  made  chairman 
of  a  committee  to  represent  the  society  at  the  National  Conven- 
tion for  the  revision  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia.  The 
delegation  from  the  Camden  County  Society,  which  at  this  time 
numbered  forty-six  members,  consisted  of  Doctors  D.  Benjamin^ 
John  R.  Stevenson,  E.  L,.  B.  Godfrey,  D.  W.  Blake,  W.  A. 
Davis,  W.  S.  Jones  and  E.  B.  Woolston.  Dr.  Godfrey  was 
appointed  the  essayist  for  the  next  meeting  by  President 
Taylor. 

Section  V. — The   New   Jersey   Sanitary    Association. 

[1885.]  The  eleventh  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
took  place  at  Trenton,  November  19th  and  20th,  with  Rev.  F. 
R.  Brace,  of  Blackwood,  and  Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin  and 
E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  present  as  members  of  the  executive  council. 
Dr.  Joseph  H.  Raymond,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  presented  a  paper 
on  "  The  Collection  and  Final  Disposal  of  Garbage,"  which 
was  discussed  by  appointment,  by  Dr.  Godfrey. 

[1886.]  The  session  of  1886  was  held  at  Trenton, 
November   12th.     Rev.    F.    R.  Brace  discussed  the  paper    of 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1889. 


The  New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association .  201 

Professor  Charles  Jacobus,  of  New  Brunswick,  on  "Physical 
Restraint  and  Relaxation  in  the  School-room,"  and  Dr.  Dow- 
ling  Benjamin,  that  of  Dr.  Shippen  Wallace,  of  Burlington, 
on  "  Preserved  Foods."  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was  elected 
second  vice-president  and  Dr.  Benjamin  was  made  chairman  of 
the  executive  council. 

[1887.]  The  thirteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion was  held  at  Trenton,  October  28th.  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey 
delivered  an  address  on  "  The  Collection  and  Disposal  of  Gar- 
bage." As  to  the  collection,  the  contract  system  and  the 
system  by  which  the  supervision  of  the  work  devolves  directly 
upon  the  municipal  authorities  were  discussed,  with  the  con- 
clusion that  the  latter  offers  the  better  results,  if  made  a  branch 
of  the  street-cleaning  service,  under  the  control  of  a  superin- 
tendent, responsible  to  the  executive  or  health  authorities. 
The  removal  of  garbage  was  considered  also,  both  as  to  time 
and  method,  and  galvanized  iron  or  non-absorbent  receptacles, 
and  water-tight  garbage  carts,  or  water-tight  barrels  with 
covers,  were  recommended.  Its  disposal  was  considered  from 
five  stand-points  :  (1)  Mixing  with  ashes  and  throwing  upon 
vacant  lots;  (2)  feeding  to  swine;  (3)  making  into  composts; 
(4)  removal  to  sea ;  (5)  burning.  The  first  was  strongly 
condemned  ;  the  second  was  regarded  as  objectionable  ;  the 
third,  as  non-remunerative  in  comparison  with  other  similar 
waste  ;  the  fourth,  as  a  good  method  for  cities  bordering  on  the 
coast ;  the  fifth,  as  the  best  solution  when  garbage  has  no  mar- 
ketable value,  or  cannot  be  carried  out  to  sea.  The  general  adop- 
tion of  the  cremation  of  garbage,  for  inland  cities,  was  believed 
to  be  only  a  matter  of  time.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  discussed  a 
paper  presented  by  Dr.  Shippen  Wallace,  of  Burlington,  on 
"Poisons  in  Food  of  Animal  Origin,"  dwelling  especially  on 
tyrotoxicon  in  milk. 

[1888.]  The  session  of  this  year  was  held  in  the 
Assembly  Chamber,  at  Trenton,  on  December  7th.  The  presi- 
dent, Dr.  Henry  Mitchell,  occupied  the  chair.  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock  read  a  paper  on  "  Impure  Milk  as  a  Cause  of  Disease." 
After  stating  the  general  interest  of  the  public  in  milk,  because 
of  its  universal  use,  the  quality   of  milk  was  discussed,    the 


202  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

danger  of  tyrotoxicon  poisoning  and  the  transmission  of  the 
germs  of  typhoid  fever,  phthisis  and  other  diseases  were 
clearly  defined  and  the  conclusion  reached  that  it  is  the  duty 
of  the  State  to  protect  its  citizens  against  contaminated  as 
well  as  adulterated  milk.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  was  elected 
president  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was  made  a  member  of  the 
executive  council. 

[1889.]  The  fifteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  at  the  State  House,  Trenton,  November  22nd  and 
23rd,  with  the  president,  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin,  in  the  chair, 
who  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Thermometry  of  Hygiene." 
The  subject  had  engaged  the  attention  of  Dr.  Benjamin  for  a 
number  of  years  and,  from  actual  tests,  he  had  ascertained  the 
varied  temperatures  in  different  parts  of  the  sick-room  at  the 
same  time.  He  showed,  by  means  of  diagrams,  the  variations 
between  the  center  and  sides,  floor  and  ceiling,  of  a  room  and 
between  the  vicinity  of  windows  and  the  remote  corners.  His 
address  was  well  received  and  extensively  published  by  medical 
and  sanitary  journals.  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  and  Dr.  W.  A. 
Davis  discussed,  by  appointment,  a  paper  on  "The  Climatic 
Treatment  of  Gastro-intestinal  Diseases  in  Children,"  by 
Dr.  Boardman  Reed,  of  Atlantic  City,  and  advocated  the  need 
of  a  change  of  climate,  the  sterilization  of  milk  and  water  and 
hygienic  methods  of  clothing.  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  discussed 
a  paper  presented  by  Dr.  G.  F.  Wilbur,  of  Asbury  Park,  on 
"  The  Need  of  Medical  Officers  for  School-districts,"  and 
advocated  medical  supervision  over  school  interests,  because  it 
would  best  tend  to  prevent  bad  physical  tendencies  in  school- 
children, and  remove  faulty  construction  in  school-houses. 
Dr.  Godfrey  was  elected  second  vice-president. 

Section   VI. — The  Board  of  Health   of  the  City   of 

Camden. 

[1885.]  The  "Act  Concerning  the  Protection  of  the 
Public  health  and  the  Record  of  Vital  Facts  and  Statistics," 
approved  March  n,  1880,  and  the  "Act  Relating  to  Local 
Eoards  of  Health,"  approved  March  22,  1881,  made  mandatory 


The  Board  of  Health  of  the  City  of  Camden.  203 

the  organization  of  boards  of  health  in  the  townships  and 
cities  throughout  the  State.  Notwithstanding  these  statutory 
laws,  the  City  Council  of  Camden,  the  source  of  municipal 
authority,  continued  its  sanitary  administration  through  its 
sanitary  committee  until  1885.  In  April  of  that  year,  the 
Camden  City  Medical  Society  held  a  special  meeting  and 
appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Doctors  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  O.  B.  Gross,  H.  H.  Davis,  J. 
F.  Walsh  and  Dowling  Benjamin,  to  request  the  sanitary 
committee  of  Council  to  meet  them  in  a  conference,  to  which 
Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt,  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  was  invited,  con- 
cerning the  organization  of  a  board  of  health  for  the  city  of 
Camden.  A  joint  meeting  was  held  at  the  City  Hall,  June  15th, 
at  which  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner  and  Messrs.  Mead,  Ivins,  Harman 
and  James,  of  the  sanitary  committee  of  City  Council,  and 
Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt  and  the  special  committee  of  the  Camden 
City  Medical  Society  were  present.  This  conference  resulted 
in  the  organization  of  a  board  of  health,  July  15th,  under  an 
ordinance  of  Council  and  the  State  laws,  with  the  following 
members:  Messrs.  Leckner,  Mead,  James,  Ivins,  Harman, 
Thompson  and  Carman.  A  permanent  organization  was 
effected  by  the  election  of  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner,  chairman, 
and  D.  Cooper  Carman,  secretary.  The  rules  of  the  Paterson 
Board  of  Health  were  adopted  and  ordinances  relating  to 
contagious  diseases,  drainage  and  nuisances  were  enacted. 
On  November  nth,  the  annual  meeting  of  the  board  was 
held  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner, 
president ;  D.  Cooper  Carman,  secretary  ;  J.  Willard  Morgan, 
solicitor,  and  Septimus  Knight,  inspector.  The  organization 
of  this  board  and  that  of  Newark,  according  to  the  report  of 
the  State  Board  of  Health  for  1885,  "placed  the  State,  as  a 
whole,  under  special  and  definite  laws  for  the  protection  of  the 
public  health,  so  that  now  each  city  and  township  has  the  plan 
of  organization  and  the  power  for  effective  administration." 
A  report  to  the  State  Board  of  Health  was  made  by  Septimus 
Knight,  in  which  it  was  stated  that  "  the  laws  regulating  the 
public  health  are  not  very  extensive,  but  that  they  are  being 
enlarged  for  the  maintenance  of  the  health  of  the  city." 


204  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1886.]  An  ordinance,  relating  to  the  establishment  of  a 
board  of  health  for  the  City  of  Camden,  was  enacted  May 
27,  1886,  in  accordance  with  the  legislative  Act  concerning 
boards  of  health,  approved  April  27th.  It  provided  that  the 
board  should  consist  of  seven  persons,  who  should  be  nomi- 
nated by  the  Mayor  of  the  city  and  confirmed  by  Council,  and 
that  their  appointment  should  be  for  a  term  of  four  years.  The 
following  appointments  were  made  by  the  Mayor  and  subse- 
quently confirmed  by  Council  :  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  Charles 
Watson,  William  T.  Mead,  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner,  George  F. 
Hammond,  Herman  W.  Miller  and  Dr.  John  W.  Donges. 
The  board  organized  June  28,  1886,  with  the  election  of  Dr. 
John  D.  Leckner  as  president ;  D.  Cooper  Carman,  secretary ; 
J.  Willard  Morgan,  solicitor,  and  Septimus  Knight,  inspector. 
New  rules  were  adopted  ;  monthly  meetings  were  ordered  and 
the  annual  meeting  was  set  for  the  last  Monday  in  June.  This 
was  a  year  of  sanitary  progress.  The  board  took  an  active 
interest  in  city  sanitation  and  rendered  effective  work,  especially 
in  preventing  the  dumping  of  mud  along  the  water-front. 
School-houses,  manufacturing  establishments  and  other  public 
buildings  were  inspected,  the  water-supply  examined,  the 
drainage  of  the  city  inquired  into,  nuisances  abated,  slaughter- 
houses removed,  and  garbage  was  more  thoroughly  collected. 
The  report  of  the  inspector  to  the  State  Board  included  these 
items  together  with  a  review  of  the  general  sanitary  condition 
of  the  city. 

[1887.]  During  this  year,  the  rules  and  regulations  were 
enlarged  and  the  sanitary  code  amended  to  perfect  the  work  of 
the  board,  especially  the  duties  of  the  inspector,  who  exhibited 
commendable  energy  in  preventing  the  dumping  of  mud 
along  the  water-front  of  the  city.  Two  thousand  dollars  were 
appropriated  by  City  Council  for  the  purpose  of  the  board. 
A  general  vaccination  was  ordered  and  an  effort  was  made 
to  create  a  fund  for  the  establishment  of  a  municipal  hospital, 
because  of  a  threatened  invasion  of  small-pox.  On  June  27th, 
the  new  board  organized  for  the  year  with  the  election  of 
Charles  Watson-  as  president ;  D.  Cooper  Carman,  secretary ; 
Henry   M.  Snyder,  solicitor;  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner,  inspector, 


The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health.  205 

and  Septimus  Knight  as  assistant  inspector.  Messrs.  Thaddeus 
P.  Varney  and  William  T.  Mead  were  appointed  members  of 
the  board. 

[1888.]  The  sanitary  code  of  the  board  was  revised, 
with  an  increase  of  its  powers,  and  a  second  unsuccessful  effort 
was  made  to  found  a  municipal  hospital  for  the  care  of  conta- 
gious diseases.  In  order  that  the  inspector  might  become 
familiar  with  the  exact  location  of  contagious  diseases,  the 
board  prepared  a  map  of  the  city  to  mark  them  as  they  were 
reported.  On  June  25th,  Dr.  George  R.  Fortiner  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  board,  which  consisted  at  this  time  of  Charles 
Watson,  George  F.  Hammond,  Herman  W.  Miller,  William 
T.  Mead,  Thaddeus  P.  Varney  and  Dr.  John  W.  Donges.  The 
board  organized  with  the  election  of  Charles  Watson,  presi- 
dent ;  D.  Cooper  Carman,  secretary  ;  Mahlon  F.  Ivins,  treasurer, 
and  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner  and  Septimus  Knight,  inspectors. 

[1889.]  The  power  and  influence  of  the  board  were 
greatly  extended  during  this  year.  A  plumbing  inspector  was 
appointed  and  an  ordinance  passed,  prescribing  his  duties. 
The  cremation  of  garbage  was  discussed  and  Newark  and 
other  cities  were  visited  and  inspected  in  this  particular ;  but 
the  appropriation  of  the  board  did  not  warrant  the  expenditure 
that  a  satisfactory  cremating-plant  would  require.  On  June 
29th,  the  annual  meeting  was  held  and  the  following  officers 
were  elected:  President,  George  F.  Hammond;  secretary, 
Thaddeus  P.  Varney  ;  medical  inspector,  Dr.  John  D.  L,eckner  ; 
plumbing  inspector,  Septimus  Knight ;  assistant  secretary  and 
assistant  inspector,  Eugene  B.  Roberts.  Doctors  John  W. 
Donges  and  George  R.  Fortiner  were  members  of  the  board. 

Section  VII. — The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of 
Health. 

[1885.]  By  the  medical  Act  of  1883  (a  supplement  to  the 
Act  approved  March  12,  1881),  it  was  made  the  duty  of  practi- 
tioners of  medicine  and  surgery,  in  New  Jersey,  to  record  their 
diplomas,  with  date  and  place  of  graduation,  or  a  certificate  in 
case  of  twenty  years'  practice,  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  in 


206  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

which  the  practitioner  lived.  These  names  were  required  to- 
be  indexed  and  forwarded  to  the  State  Board  of  Health  by  the 
county  clerk,  who  transmitted  this  year  the  names  of  twenty- 
one  physicians,  graduates  of  the  following  colleges  :  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  ten  ;  University  of  Pennsylvania,  six  ; 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  three  ;  Ohio  Medical  College, 
one,  and  Howard  College  one.  Reports  to  the  State  Board 
were  made  by  Septimus  Knight,  of  Camden  ;  Dr.  F.  E. 
Williams,  of  Delaware  township ;  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Hurff,  of 
Gloucester  township  ;  J.  Stokes  Coles,  of  Haddon,  and  Dr.  P. 
W.  Beale,  of  Stockton. 

[1886.]  Under  the  law  relating  to  boards  of  health,  local 
boards  in  cities,  towns,  townships,  boroughs,  etc.,  were  required 
to  make  an  annual  report  to  the  State  Board  of  Health  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  October,  and  to  answer  any  inquiries  that 
might  be  addressed  to  them  by  the  State  Board.  In  accord- 
ance with  this  section  of  the  law,  reports  were  made  from 
Camden  by  Inspector  Septimus  Knight  ;  Gloucester  City,  by 
Dr.  James  A.  Walmsley ;  Delaware  township,  by  Joseph  G. 
Evans ;  Haddon,  by  Dr.  F.  E.  Williams ;  Merchantville,  by 
William  H.  Moses.  The  medical  registration  for  the  year 
showed  sixteen  recorded  diplomas  from  the  following  institu- 
tions :  Jefferson  Medical  College,  four ;  Hahnemann  Medical 
College,  three ;  one  each'  from  Albany  Medical  College,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia  University,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  Michigan  College  of 
Medicine,  Electropathic  College,  University  of  New  York, 
Detroit  Medical  College  and  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

[1887.]  During  this  year,  twenty-four  physicians  regis- 
tered at  the  office  of  the  county  clerk,  three  of  whom  subse- 
quently became  members  of  the  County  Medical  Society.  In 
accordance  with  the  printed  schedule  sent,  in  October,  to  the 
local  boards  for  their  annual  reports,  responses  were  made  by 
Septimus  Knight,  of  Camden  ;  John  H.  Jackson,  of  Centre  ; 
Dr.  William  S.  Uong,  of  Delaware;  J.  Stokes  Coles,  of 
Haddon,  and  Edward  C.  Pedigree,  of  Stockton. 

[1888.]  The  board  made  an  inspection  of  the  charitable 
and  penal  institutions  throughout  the  State,   and  presented  a 


The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health.  207 

detailed  report  to  the  Governor,  in  which  defects  in  structure 
and  sanitary  management  were  set  forth,  and  the  needed  alter- 
ations and  improvements  outlined.  The  visit  to  the  Camden 
County  Almshouse  was  made  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt,  the  secretary, 
on  April  25  th.  At  this  time,  Dr.  Henry  E.  Branin  was  the 
physician  and  Charles  F.  Adams  the  steward.  Dr.  Hunt 
stated  that  the  structural  arrangement  and  sanitary  care  were  of 
the  best.  The  County  asylum  was  visited  at  the  same  time  and 
its  management  was  commended,  except  that  classification  of  the 
insane  was  not  enforced.  The  Camden  jail  was  visited,  March 
10th,  and  April  25th  and  condemned  "as  a  disgrace  to  our 
common  civilization  and  a  menace  to  the  health  of  the 
people."  This  report  led  to  its  reconstruction  and  enlarge- 
ment by  the  Board  of  Freeholders.  The  water-supplies  of 
Camden,  Gloucester  City,  Haddonfield  and  Merchantville  were 
inspected.  Camden  was  stated  to  contain  a  population  of 
52,884,  supplied  with  5,000,000  gallons  of  water  per  day.  Its 
source  of  supply,  the  Delaware  river,  was  stated  to  be  in 
danger  of  contamination.  The  water  is  pumped  from  the 
Delaware,  at  Pavonia,  into  a  reservoir,  thence  into  a  stand- 
pipe  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  feet  in  height  and  five 
feet  in  diameter.  The  water-works  at  Gloucester  City  were 
erected  in  1883,  and  the  water  is  taken  from  springs  and  from 
Newton  creek  and  pumped  into  a  stand-pipe,  with  a  capacity 
of  145,000  gallons,  seventy-five  feet  in  height  and  eighteen 
feet  in  diameter.  The  population  of  the  city  was  5,966. 
Haddonfield,  with  its  population  of  1,950,  is  supplied  with 
water  taken  from  springs  along  the  north  branch  of  Cooper's 
creek.  The  works  have  a  pumping  capacity  of  700,000 
gallons  per  day  and  were  erected  in  1887  ;  the  stand-pipe  is 
one  hundred  and  ten  feet  in  height,  with  a  diameter  of  fifteen 
feet.  The  water-works  of  Merchantville  were  erected  in  1887, 
and  the  supply  is  taken  from  thirteen  springs  along  Pensauken 
creek,  which  flow  into  the  basin.  The  stand-pipe  is  one 
hundred  feet  high,  eight  feet  in  diameter  and  has  a  capacity  of 
40,000  gallons. 

In  accordance   with   the  State  requirements,  the  printed 
schedule  of  questions,  sent  to  local  boards  of  health,  was  gener- 


208  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cotinty. 

ously  responded  to,  and  Inspector  Knight  made  a  report  on  the 
location,  climate,  soil,  water-supply,  streets,  houses,  lights, 
refuse,  market-houses,  slaughter-houses,  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, schools,  charitable  institutions,  cemeteries,  health 
codes  and  vital  statistics  of  Camden.  Similar  reports  were  made 
from  Centre  township,  the  board  of  which  consisted  of  Ezra 
C.  Bell,  John  Hutchingson,  David  H.  Williams  and  C.  C. 
Clark,  with  Dr.  F.  E.  Williams  as  inspector;  from  Delaware 
township,  with  J.  A.  Meredith,  William  Graff,  S.  T.  Coles  and 
W.  D.  Coles  as  members,  and  Dr.  W.  S.  Long  as  inspector  ; 
from  Gloucester  City,  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Walmsley,  Dr.  D.  W. 
Blake,  William  J.  Thompson,  T.  K.  Costello  and  J.  Edgar 
Parker  as  members,  and  Patrick  Mealey  as  inspector ;  from 
Gloucester  township,  with  George  Brewer,  Charles  Stevenson, 
Dr.  J.  E.  Hurff,  Seth  C.  Bishop  and  Joseph  S.  Steward  as 
members;  from  Haddon  township,  with  John  Stoy,  W.  C. 
Nicholson,  Samuel  Wood  and  J.  Stokes  Coles,  as  members,  and 
Dr.  F.  E.  Williams  as  inspector  ;  from  Stockton  township,  with 
George  Molineaux,  Benjamin  Abbott,  Frank  Horner,  Charles 
K.  Seddenger  and  Dr.  Jerome  Artz  as  members  ;  from  Wins- 
low  township,  with  Josiah  Albertson,  H.  M.  Jewitt,  E.  A. 
Russell,  Zober  Venton  and  M.  G.  Burdsall  as  members. 

The  medical  registry  of  the  year  included  thirty-four 
physicians,  some  of  whom  had  registered  during  the  previous 
year.  During  1883,  the  quinquennial  report  of  vital  statistics 
was  made  by  the  board,  and  those  relating  to  Camden  county, 
Camden  and  Gloucester  City  were  as  follows : 

Camden  county: — marriages,  433  ;  births,  1,685;  deaths,  1,598;  popula- 
tion, 15,936  ;  death-rate,  20.06. 

Camden  : — marriages,  2,057  !  births,  3,690  ;  deaths,  4,391  ;  population, 
41,659;  death-rate,  21.08. 

Gloucester  City: — marriages,  184;  births,  695  ;  deaths,  481  ;  population, 
5,347 ;  death-rate,  17.99. 

The  first  decennial  report  of  the  board  was  made  this 
year.  For  the  ten  years  ending  June  30,  1888,  the  death-rate 
per  thousand  was  as  follows  :  For  the  State,  19.15  ;  for 
Camden  county,  19  ;  for  Camden,  20  ;  for  Gloucester,  19.  In 
the  county,  including  Camden  and  Gloucester  City,  consump- 
tion ranked  as  the  most  common  cause  of  death ;  then  followed, 


Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association.    209 

in  the  order  of  statement,  diarrhceal  diseases,  acute  lung 
diseases,  nervous  diseases  of  children,  adult  brain  and  spinal 
diseases,  diseases  of  the  heart,  croup  and  diphtheria  and  typhoid 
fever.  Zymotic  diseases  have  been  a  most  prolific  cause  of 
death  in  the  county. 

[1889.]  The  board  made  a  report  of  the  "  Sewer  Systems 
of  New  Jersey,"  including  those  of  Camden  and  of  Gloucester 
City,  and,  in  October,  transmitted  twenty-three  inquiries  con- 
cerning health  matters  to  the  local  boards.  The  Camden 
board  made  an  exhaustive  report  and  stated  that  typhoid  fever 
and  diphtheria  were  the  most  prevalent  diseases  of  the  year ; 
while  the  boards  of  Gloucester  City,  and  of  the  townships, 
reported  a  healthful  condition.  The  board  of  Gloucester  City 
consisted  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Walmsley,  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake,  W.  J. 
Thompson,  E.  J.  Steer,  Patrick  Mealey  and  W.  H.  Grey,  with 
Dr.  J.  K.  Bennett  as  health  inspector  ;  that  of  Centre  town- 
ship was  composed  of  B.  C.  Bell,  J.  M.  Haines,  D.  A.  Shreeve 
and  J.  H.  Jackson,  with  Dr.  W.  B.  Jennings  as  inspector ;  that 
of  Delaware  township,  of  William  Graff,  W.  D.  Coles,  E.  W. 
Coffin,  and  John  A.  Merideth,  with  Dr.  W.  S.  Long  as  inspec- 
tor ;  that  of  Gloucester  township,  of  George  Brewer,  S.  C. 
Bishop,  J.  B.  Sickler,  Dr.  J.  E.  Hurff  and  J.  S.  Stewart ;  that 
of  Stockton  township,  of  Dr.  Leolf  Reese,  B.  P.  Abbott, 
George  Molineaux,  Charles  Pedigree  and  H.  K.  Eeddington  ; 
that  of  Waterford  township,  of  B.  W.  Bennett,  John  Hampton, 
William  Haines,  W.  D.  Walton,  W.  H.  Norcross  and  Edward 
Stafford  ;  that  of  Winslow  township,  of  H.  M.  Jewett,  Elias 
Russell,  Charles  Albright  and  M.  G.  Burdsall.  Sixty-five 
physicians  registered  at  the  office  of  the  county  clerk  during 
the  year,  several  of  whom  were  from  Philadelphia. 

Section  VIII. — Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and 
Dispensary  Association. 

[1885.]  The  necessity  for  a  hospital  in  Camden,  coupled 
with  the  delay  in  opening  to  the  public  the  institution  founded 
by  the  Cooper  family,  led  to  the  soliciting  of  subscriptions,  by 
a  number  of  ladies,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  S.  B.  Northrop, 

14 


210  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

for  the  purpose  of  "  establishing  an  institution  where  cases  of 
sudden  sickness  or  accident  could  be  taken  and  temporarily 
cared  for,  and  where  homoeopathic  treatment  could  be  given  to 
such  worthy  persons  as  were  unable  to  employ  a  physician." 
The  project  was  inaugurated  in  the  early  part  of  January  and 
met  with  such  general  acceptance  that  a  meeting  of  the 
subscribers  was  called,  January  30th,  and  the  Camden  Homoeo- 
pathic Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association  was  then  organ- 
ized, with  a  membership  comprising  all  of  the  homoeopathic 
physicians  in  Camden,  and  those  persons  who  had  contributed 
to  the  fund  the  amount  of  five  dollars  and  upwards.  A  consti- 
tution and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and  a  board  of  trustees, 
consisting  of  twenty  gentlemen,  and  a  board  of  lady 
managers,  comprising  thirty  ladies,  were  elected.  Hon.  E. 
Ambler  Armstrong  was  elected  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees ;  James  M.  Stradling  and  B.  Frank  Sutton,  vice- 
presidents  ;  Dr.  Silas  H.  Quint,  secretary ;  Charles  Watson,  treas- 
urer ;  and  Dr.  Purnell  W.  Andrews,  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Black- 
wood, Dr.  J.  K.  Bryant,  Charles  P.  Bowyer,  John  Campbell,. 
Jr.,  E.  N.  Cohn,  G.  W.  Coles,  S.  S.  E.  Cowperthwaite,  Harris 
Graffen,  William  Groves,  C.  M.  Hogan,  Charles  Hollingshed, 
Dr.  E.  Melville  Howard,  Dr.  Henry  F.  Hunt,  D.  G.  Langen- 
dorf,  Dr.  M.  F.  Middleton,  J.  E.  Roberts,  H.  S.  Scull,  Dr.  A. 
E.  Street  and  Dr.  E.  R.  Tullis,  members.  The  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  consisted  of  Mesdames  Purnell  W.  Andrews,  J.  K. 
Bryant,  John  Campbell,  Jr.,  W.  H.  Chamberlain,  George 
Dobbins,  A.  E.  Griffith,  J.  R.  Grubb,  M.  W.  Hall,  Charles 
Hollingshed,  E.  Melville  Howard,  Henry  F.  Hunt,  Mahlon  F. 
Ivins,  Luther  V.  Kellum,  D.  G.  Langendorf,  J.  C.  Meteer, 
M.  F.  Middleton,  S.  B.  Northrop,  W.  M.  Patton,  Silas  H. 
Quint,  John  Rogers,  Franklin  Roop,  Samuel  Russell,  H.  S. 
Scull,  J.  M.  Stradling,  George  E  Taylor,  E  R.  Tullis,  S.  H. 
Morrison,  and  the  Misses  E.  Fayetta  Jennings,  S.  E.  Roberts, 
and  Ada  Peacock.  On  February  5th,  a  charter  was  procured  \ 
the  building  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Arch  and  Fourth 
streets  was  secured  and,  on  March  2nd,  two  wards  and  an  out- 
patient department  were  fitted  up.  The  following  medical 
and  surgical  staff  was  appointed:     Surgeons,   Doctors  E.  M. 


The  Cooper  Hospital.  211 

Howard,  M.  F.  Middleton,  S.  H.  Quint,  J.  D.  Leckner  and 
G.  D.  Woodward  ;  physicians,  Doctors  J.  K.  Bryant,  P.  W. 
Andrews,  E.  R.  Tullis,  J.  R.  Blackwood  and  Anna  E. 
Griffith  ;  consulting  surgeon,  Dr.  W.  H.  Van  Lennep.  The 
association  secured  the  annual  appropriation  of  the  city  for  the 
care  of  the  poor  (Section  I)  amounting  to  $1,500  and  thus 

started  under  favorable  circumstances.  In  the  follow- 
[1886.]     ing  year,  the  appropriation  of  City  Council  for  the 

care  of  the  indigent  sick  was  increased  to  $1,800 
and  evenly  divided  between  the  association  and  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary,  and  the  city  was  divided  into  medical  districts 
(Section  I)  under  their  care  and  supervision. 

The  establishment  of  this  hospital  was  the  second  effort 
of  the  kind  in  Camden  ;  the  first  having  been  made  in  1867, 
when  the  managers  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  fitted  a 
ward,  for  the  care  of  accidents  and  other  sickness,  which  they 
abandoned  in  1869,  because  of  the  want  of  funds  to  maintain 
it.     The    Camden    Homoeopathic    Hospital    and    Dispensary 

Association,  after  two  years  of  life  under  its  primary 
[1887.]     organization,   was  converted  into  a  stock  company. 

The  management  purchased  the  property  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  West  and  Stevens  streets,  fitted  it  for  hos- 
pital purposes  and  continued  its  work  there  until  the  fall  of 
1890,  when,  owing  to  various  causes,  the  association  voted  to 
close  the  hospital.  Efforts  were  made  during  the  following 
year  to  revive  the  work,  but  without  success,  and,  through  the 
advice  of  Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner,  the  president  of  City  Council, 
and  others,  measures  were  taken  to  organize  the  West  Jersey 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  in  order  to  retain  the 
part  of  the  appropriation  of  Council,  for  the  care  of  the 
indigent  sick,  which  the  former  association  had  previously 
secured.* 

Section  IX. — The  Cooper  Hospital. 

[1887.]  The  history  of  The  Cooper  Hospital  has  been 
referred  to  in  Chapter  VIII,  Section  VI.  The  hospital  building 
was   begun    in    1875   and    completed   in    1877,    at  a  cost    of 

*From  the  minutes  of  the  Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association. 


212  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cotinty . 

$95,645.48.  The  original  endowment  of  the  sisters,  Sarah  W. 
and  Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  was  $200,000,  exclusive  of  the  land 
upon  which  the  hospital  stands,  which  was  jointly  donated  by 
their  brother,  Alexander  Cooper,  and  themselves,  and  was 
valued  at  $50,000.  Deducting  the  cost  of  construction  from 
the  endowment  fund,  there  was  left  a  balance  of  $104,354.52, 
which,  as  an  invested  fund,  the  Board  of  Managers  deemed 
insufficient  "to  support  the  hospital  upon  a  scale  commensu- 
rate with  the  probable  demands  upon  its  charity."  The 
dedication  of  the  hospital  to  the  public  was  delayed,  therefore, 
until  August  11,  1887.  During  the  ten  years  intervening 
between  the  completion  and  the  dedication  of  the  hospital, 
the  income  received  from  the  invested  endowment  fund 
amounted  to  $80,924.65,  which,  together  with  $25,000 
bequeathed  by  Sarah  W.  Cooper,  in  1880,  and  a  supplementary 
gift  of  $25,000  from  Elizabeth  B.  Cooper,  increased  the  invested 
endowment  fund  to  $235,279.17.  This,  added  to  the  cost  of 
constructing  the  building,  and  the  value  of  the  grounds  upon 
which  it  stands,  made  the  gift  of  the  Cooper  family  to  the 
hospital,  up  to  the  time  of  dedication,  amount  to  $380,924.65.* 
Since  the  dedication  of  the  hospital,  the  invested  fund  has 
been  increased  by  liberal  bequests  from  Mrs.  Abigail  M. 
Wright,  a  sister  of  the  Coopers;  from  John  W.  Wright, 
her  son  (the  first  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Board  of 
Managers),  and  from  Alexander  Cooper,  the  first  president 
of  the  institution.  The  Cooper  Hospital  was  dedicated  and 
opened  to  the  public  August  11,  1887,  with  formal  ceremonies 
at  the  hospital,  consisting  of  an  historical  address  by  Peter  L. 
Voorhees,  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  an  address  by 
Hon.  E.  A.  Armstrong,  president  of  the  Camden  Homoeopathic 
Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association.  Previously  to  the 
dedication,  extensive  alterations,  repairs  and  improvements, 
amounting  to  $30,516.46  were  made  in  the  interest  of  sanita- 
tion, and  the  most  advanced  appliances  in  medicine  and  surgery 
were  procured.  The  attending  staff  were  afforded  thorough 
aseptic  and  antiseptic  facilities  for  the  care  of  injuries  and 
disease.     In   the  interval  referred  to,   a  number  of   changes 

*  By-laws  and  Rules  of  The  Cooper  Hospital,  June  22,  1887. 


The  Cooper  Hospital.  213 

took  place  in  the  Board  of  Managers.  Of  the  original  trustees 
who  subsequently  became  incorporators  of  the  institution, 
Albert  W.  Markley,  Charles  P.  Stratton  .and  Dr.  Thomas  F. 
Cullen  had  died,  and  were  succeeded,  respectively,  by  William  B. 
Cooper,  Richard  H.  Reeve  and  Dr.  John  V.  Schenck.*  In 
1882,  Dr.  Schenck  died  and  was  succeeded  by  David  M. 
Chambers.  At  the  time  of  the  dedication  of  the  hospital,  the 
Board  of  Managers  consisted  of  the  following  gentlemen : 
President,  Alexander  Cooper;  secretary  and  treasurer,  John  W. 
Wright;  managers,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Rudolphus  Bingham, 
Joseph  B.  Cooper,  Augustus  Reeve,  William  B.  Cooper, 
Richard  H.  Reeve  and  David  M.  Chambers.  On  June  2  2d,  the 
managers  appointed  the  following  attending  medical  staff: 
Physicians,  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  D.  P. 
Pancoast  and  W.  A.  Davis ;  surgeons,  Doctors  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  O.  B.  Gross,  D.  Benjamin  and  J.  F.  Walsh;  patholo- 
gist, Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills;  interne,  Dr.  Harry  Jarrett.  The 
staff  held  their  first  meeting,  July  13th  ;  elected  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor  chairman,  and  arranged  the  assignments  for  duty  at  the 
hospital  as  follows:  During  July,  August  and  September, 
Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  attending  physician,  and  Dr.  D.  Benjamin,, 
surgeon  ;  October,  November  and  December,  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast, 
physician,  and  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  surgeon;  January,  February 
and  March,  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis,  physician,  and  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh, 
surgeon  ;  April,  May  and  June,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  physician, 
and  Dr.  E.  Iy.  B.  Godfrey,  surgeon.  A  dispensary  service  was 
established,  and  an  arrangement  was  made  with  the  managers 
of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary  for  the  compounding  of 
prescriptions  at  the  dispensary.  The  opening  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital  inaugurated  a  new  era  in  the  progress  of  medicine  in 
Camden  County.  Previously  to  this,  the  greater  portion  of  the 
surgical  injuries  occurring  in  Camden  were  attended  at  the 
Philadelphia  hospitals,  and,  as  soon  as  the  wards  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital  were  thrown  open  to  patients,  the  members  of  the 
attending  medical  and  surgical  staff  were  confronted  with  the 
gravest  medical  and  surgical  problems,  which  were  solved  with 
almost  unvarying  success. 

*  Address  on  the  Origin,  History  and  Purpose  of  The  Cooper  Hospital,  bv  Peter  Iy. 
Voorhees. 


214  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

[1888.]  From  August  11,  1887,  to  December  31,  ic 
there  were  treated  three  hundred  and  seventy  patients  within 
the  wards  of  the  hospital  (one  hundred  and  sixty-five  of  whom 
were  medical  and  two  hundred  and  five  surgical),  and  one 
thousand,  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  in  the  out-patient 
department.  There  were  seventy  surgical  operations  performed, 
including  twenty  amputations,  one  suprapubic  hysterectomy, 
two  exploratory  laparotomies  for  carcinoma,  one  laparotomy 
for  gunshot  wound  of  the  intestines  and  one  for  perityphlitis, 
two  ovariotomies  and  one  cystotomy.  During  1888,  Dr.  Harry 
Jarrett  was  elected  surgical  interne  and  Dr.  B.  W.  Macfarland 
medical  interne.  Upon  the  expiration  of  their  respective 
terms  of  service,  Dr.  Jarrett  began  medical  practice  in  Camden 
and  Dr.  Macfarland,  in  Bordentown. 

[1889.]  During  the  year  ending  December  31st,  three 
hundred  and  seventeen  cases  were  treated  in  the  wards;  fifty- 
nine  surgical  operations  were  performed  and  one  thousand,  six 
hundred  and  forty-three  patients  were  treated  in  the  out-patient 
department  of  the  hospital.  Dr.  William  Martin,  now  of 
Bristol,  Pa.,  and  Dr.  S.  F.  Ashcraft,  of  Mullica  Hill,  N.  J., 
served  as  resident  physicians. 

A.      THE    COOPER    HOSPITAL    TRAINING-SCHOOL    FOR    NURSES. 

[1887.]  Following  the  opening  of  The  Cooper  Hospital, 
this  training-school  for  nurses  was  inaugurated  in  1887,  and  has 
contributed  materially  to  the  success  of  the  institution.  The 
period  of  study  in  the  training-school  covers  a  term  of  two 
years,  including  a  probationary  month,  and,  during  this  time, 
the  pupil  is  lodged  and  boarded  at  the  hospital  and  is  paid  nine 
dollars  per  month  for  the  first  year  and  twelve  dollars  per 
month  during  the  second  year.  The  ward-training  includes 
nursing  in  accidents  and  emergencies;  in  surgical,  medical, 
obstetrical  and  gynaecological  cases;  and  a  course  of  invalid 
cookery  at  the  Drexel  Institute,  from  February  1st  to  June  1st, 
of  each  year.  The  pupils  also  attend  the  course  of  lectures, 
given  twice  a  week,  by  the  attending  staff  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital.  The  following  are  the  graduates  of  the  school :  In 
1890,  Belle  Neely,  Kate  Stow,  Lily  D.   Baltz    and    Florence 


The  Ninth  International  Medical  Congress.  215 

Wise;  1891,  M.  S.  Dare,  Maud  F.  Reynolds,  Charlotte  S. 
Gibson  and  Eleanor  Myers ;  1892,  Laura  B.  Bunting,  Emma 
E-  Steelman,  Arabella  B.  Hutton  and  Mary  E.  Johnson;  1893, 
Dessie  Kimble,  Catharine  Butler,  Annie  T.  Dunmire  and 
Amelia  Y.  Richardson  ;  1894,  Charlotte  E.  Parke,  Irene  T. 
Fallon,  Anna  Cooper  Campion  and  Jennie  H.  Stiles. 

In  September,  1890,  Miss  Rachel  Bourke,  a  graduate  of  the 
Training  Schools  of  the  Massachusetts  General  and  McEean 
Hospitals,  was  elected  chief  nurse  at  The  Cooper  Hospital  and 
placed  in  charge  of  the  training-school.  Under  her  direction, 
the  course  of  instruction  has  been  extended  to  two  years  and 
arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  Drexel  Institute  for  a 
course  in  invalid  cookery.  Through  the  efforts  of  Miss  Bourke, 
the  school  has  attained  marked  success. 

Section   X. — The    Ninth   International  Medical 
Congress. 

[1887.]  In  response  to  an  invitation,  extended  by  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  May,  1884,  to  the  Eighth 
International  Medical  Congress,  assembled  that  year  at  Copen- 
hagen, Denmark,  to  hold  its  next  meeting  in  America,  in 
1887,  the  ninth  congress  assembled  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
September  6th,  and  remained  in  session  for  six  days.  The  list 
of  delegates  and  members  embraced  more  than  three  thousand 
physicians,  including  many  of  the  most  distinguished  practi- 
tioners of  Europe,  Asia  and  America.  The  congress  was 
welcomed  to  the  United  States  by  President  Cleveland  and  the 
Honorable  Secretary  of  State,  Thomas  F.  Bayard,  after  which 
the  inaugural  address  was  delivered  by  Dr.  Nathan  S.  Davis,  of 
Chicago,  the  president  of  the  congress.  The  work  of  the 
congress  was  divided  into  eighteen  sections,  each  in  charge  of 
a  president,  and  the  results  were  published  in  six  large 
volumes,  which  were  distributed,  free  of  charge,  to  the 
members  of  the  congress.  Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey  was  appointed, 
"by  the  executive  committee,  a  member  of  the  Section  on 
Public  and  International  Hygiene,  of  which  Dr.  Joseph 
Jones,  of  New  Orleans,  was  president.  The  preparations  for 
the    meeting    of     the    congress    excited    much    controversy 


216  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  engendered  much  ill-feeling  in  the  medical  profession 
throughout  the  country.  The  invitation  was  extended,  as  has 
been  stated,  by  the  American  Medical  Association  at  its 
meeting  in  Washington,  in  1 884.  The  committee,  appointed 
by  the  association,  visited  Copenhagen,  and  formally  extended 
the  invitation  with  fraternal  greetings  to  the  Eighth  Congress, 
which  was  accepted.  At  the  meeting  of  the  association,  in 
New  Orleans,  in  1885,  the  committee  submitted  a  report  and 
a  plan  of  action,  without  providing  for  representation  by 
delegates  from  any  medical  society,  national,  state  or  county, 
limiting  its  membership  to  such  persons  as  the  executive 
committee  should  invite,  and  then  proceeded  to  select  from  the 
larger  cities  officers  for  sections,  without  regard  to  their 
membership  in  the  association  or  in  other  societies.  The  report 
aroused  such  antagonism  in  the  association  that  it  was  not 
accepted,  and  the  executive  committee,  appointed  to  arrange 
for  the  meeting  of  the  congress,  was  enlarged  to  consist  of  one 
representative  from  each  State  and  Territory,  the  District  of 
Columbia,  the  Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Hospital  Service. 
This  committee  was  empowered  to  revise,  alter  and  amend 
the  plan  of  the  original  committee  and  to  select  a  chairman 
and  secretary.  This  action  caused  a  general  quarrel  in  the 
medical  profession  of  the  United  States  and  occasioned  the 
withdrawal  of  the  original  committee  and  their  special 
appointees  to  the  congress.  The  new  committee  met  in  New 
York,  in  September,  and  transferred  the  management  of  the 
congress  to  an  executive  committee,  composed  of  the  president 
of  the  congress,  the  secretary-general,  the  treasurer,  the 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  and  the  presidents  of 
sections.  This  concession  failed  to  harmonize,  however,  the 
original  differences.  The  subject  became  one  of  professional 
comment  throughout  the  country  and,  at  the  November  meet- 
ing of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  a  resolution  was 
adopted  and  forwarded  to  the  County  Medical  Societies  through- 
out the  State,  supporting  the  transference  of  the  future  man- 
agement of  the  congress  to  an  executive  committee,  composed 
of  the  officers  of  the  congress,  and  stating  "that  this  action 
should    be   sufficient    to    silence    criticism   and    to    enlist    the 


Camden  County  Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children.  217 

sympathies  and  support  of  the  medical  profession  of  the  United 
States."  In  1886,  the  American  Medical  Association  met  at 
St.  Louis,  when  Doctors  B.  A.  Watson,  I.  N.  Quimby  and 
E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  represented  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 
The  association  gave  further  emphatic  approval  of  the  work  of 
the  general  and  the  executive  committees  of  the  congress,  in 
their  efforts  to  popularize  it  among  the  medical  fraternity,  by 
extending  membership  in  the  congress  to  all  regular  physicians 
who  should  register  and  take  out  tickets  of  admission.  The 
early  interest  manifested  by  the  Camden  County  Medical 
Society  in  the  work  of  the  congress,  led  to  a  large  represen- 
tation from  Camden,  consisting  of  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
James  M.  Ridge,  John  W.  Snowden,  J.  W.  Donges,  H.  H. 
Davis,  O.  B.  Gross,  Alexander  McAlister,  S.  T.  Banes,  J.  W. 
Sutton  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  all  of  whom  registered  and 
became  members  of  the  congress. 

Section  XL — The  Camden  County  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children. 

[1887.]  Under  the  ' '  Act  for  the  Incorporation  of  Societies 
for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,"  approved  April  18, 
1876,  the  Camden  Society  was  organized  January  26,  1887, 
with  the  following  members:  Alexander  G.  Cattell,  E.  A. 
Armstrong,  Dr.  S.  H.  Quint,  H.  D.  Speakman,  Wilbur  F. 
Rose,  F.  W.  Ayer,  D.  M.  Chambers,  B.  C.  Reeve,  Samuel  H. 
Grey,  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  William  Bettle,  I.  C.  Martindale, 
Rev.  W.  C.  Strickland,  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis,  John  W.  Wright, 
John  L-  Westwood,  H.  M.  Cooper,  Edward  Dudley,  Peter  L. 
Voorhees,  Peter  V.  Voorhees,  E.  N.  Cohn,  John  F.  Starr, 
Watson  Depuy,  B.  F.  Archer,  W.  H.  Davis,  R.  H.  Reeve, 
William  H.  Allen,  George  Holl,  V.  G.  Bennett,  Dr.  W.  T. 
Collins,  W.  B.  Tyler,  A.  McCully,  John  Farrell,  J.  Henry 
Hayes,  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Louis  T.  Derousse,  G.  Buck- 
waiter,  J.  R.  Eastlack,  Mrs.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  and  Mrs.  A.  R. 
Varney.  The  certificate  of  incorporation  was  filed  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  Trenton,  January  31,  1889. 
The  object  of  the  society  is  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to  children 
in    Camden    county,    and   the    enforcement    of  existing    and 


2i8  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

prospective  laws  relating  to  their  welfare.  The  society  was 
formed  largely  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills, 
-of  Camden,  and  has  accomplished  much  good.  The  Acts 
relating  to  the  protection  of  children,  approved  March  4,  1880, 
January  30,  1883,  and  March  9,  1885,  have  increased  the 
power  and  influence  of  the  society.  The  officers  for  1889  were 
Samuel  H.  Grey,  president;  Edward  N.  Cohn,  and  Isaac  C. 
Martindale,  vice-presidents;  Wilbur  F.  Rose,  treasurer;  Abel 
Smith,  secretary;  Samuel  H.  Grey,  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills, 
Dr.  S.  H.  Quint,  Louis  T.  Derousse,  F.  W.  Ayer,  H.  M.  Cooper, 
D.  M.  Chambers,  H.  D.  Speakman,  J.  Henry  Hayes,  I.  C. 
Martindale,  B.  C.  Reeve,  and  Wilbur  F.  Rose,  managers; 
Hon.  E.  A.  Armstrong  and  Charles  R.  Stevenson,  solicitors, 
and  Doctors  Joseph  H.  Wills  and  S.  H.  Quint,  surgeons. 
The  society  has  grown  in  popular  favor  because  it  has  extended 
a  helping  hand  to  children  in  need  of  protection  and  of  the 
comforts  of  a  home.  The  Camden  City  Dispensary  has  freely 
provided  a  room  for  the  use  of  the  officers  of  the  society,  since 
its  formation. 

Section  XII. — Military  Interests. 

A.       MEDICAL    OFFICERS    OF    THE    NATIONAL    GUARD    OF    NEW 

JERSEY. 

On  July  12,  1886,  Brigadier-General  and  Surgeon-General 
Theodore  R.  Varick  resigned,  after  a  service  of  seventeen  years 
in  the  State  forces,  and  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  D.  McGill,  surgeon,  First  Brigade,  N.  G.  N.  J.,  who  was 
commissioned  Brigadier-General  and  Surgeon-General,  July  13, 
1886.  On  June  28,  1888,  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  George  T.  Robinson  resigned  from  the  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, National  Guard,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock. 

B.       THE  MILITARY  ORDER  OF  SURGEONS  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 

[1889.]  In  response  to  a  call  issued  May  12,  1889,  by 
Major  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  surgeon  Sixth  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  J., 
and  signed  by  a  number  of  ex-surgeons  of  the  United  States 


Milita  ry  In  teres  ts .  2\g 

Volunteer  Service  and  medical  officers  of  the  National   Guard 
of  New  Jersey,  The  Military  Order  of  Surgeons  of  New  Jersey 
was  organized  at  the  Coleman  House,  Asbury  Park,  June  18, 
1889,  with  the  election  of  the  following  officers:     President, 
Surgeon-General  John  D.  McGill,  of  Jersey  City ;  vice-presidents, 
Major  J.  H.  H.  Love,  Montclair,  and  Major   H.  Genet  Taylor, 
Camden ;  secretary,    Major    E.    L.    B.    Godfrey,  Camden,  and 
treasurer,  Major  Joseph  D.  Osborne,  of  Newark.     The  invita- 
tion to  take  part  in  the  organization  of  the  order  was  extended 
to  those  medical  officers  "  who  have  served,  and  those  who  are 
now  serving  in  the  military  service,  under  commissions  issued 
by  the  Governors  of  New  Jersey,  and  also  those  medical  officers 
who  served  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  under  commissions  of  a 
corresponding  rank  issued  by  the  war  and  navy  departments  of 
the  government  of  the  United  States."     The  object  of  the  order 
is  the  discussion  of  military  surgery  the  promotion  of  friend- 
ship among  the  members  of  the  order  and  the  advancement  of 
the  interest  of  the  medical  officers  in  the  National  Guard  of  New 
Jersey.     On  July  nth,  an  adjourned  meeting  of  the  order  was 
held  at  the  headquarters  of  the  First  Brigade,  N.  G.  N.  J.,  Sea 
Girt,  when  the  organization  was  completed  by  the  adoption  of 
a  constitution  and  of  an  insignia,  consisting  of  a  pendant  and 
button.     At  this  meeting,  Lieutenant  Daniel  Strock,  assistant 
surgeon,  Sixth  Regiment,  N.  G.  N.  J.,  was  elected  a  member. 
In   1 89 1,  the  State  Military  Board  officially  approved  of  the 
institution   of  the    order   and,    on  June    29th,    an  order   was 
issued  from  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  Trenton,  that   "The 
Order   of  Military    Surgeons    of  New  Jersey    may    wear  the 
insignia,  which  they  have  adopted,  on  dress  or  undress  uni- 
form."     During    this    year    new    officers    were    elected    with 
the    exception    of    the   secretary    who    retained   his  position 
until    1893,    when   he  was  elected  vice-president   and    Major 
Daniel    Strock  was   elected  secretary.     In    1894,   Lieutenant- 
Colonel  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  Medical  Inspector  of  the  National 
Guard,    was    elected    president;     Major    Daniel    Strock    was 
re-elected    secretary,    and    First    Lieutenants    and    Assistant 
Surgeons  Orange  W.  Braymer  and  Wilson  Gill  Bailey,  of  the 
Sixth    Regiment,    were    elected    members.     The    order    has 


220  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?t  County. 

assisted  in  perfecting  the  medical  department  of  trie  National 
Guard  and  in  advancing-  military  surgery  in  New  Jersey. 

C.       THE   ASSOCIATION    OF    MILITARY    SURGEONS    OF    THE 
UNITED   STATES. 

This  association  was  organized  at  Chicago,  largely  through 
the  influence  of  Surgeon-General  Nicholas  Senn,  of  Illinois,  on 
September  17,  1891,  for  the  purpose  of  advancing  military  and 
accidental  surgery  and  the  welfare  of  the  civilian  soldier.  The 
association  embraces  in  its  membership  medical  officers  of  the 
United  States  Army  and  Navy  and  of  the  National  Guard  of 
the  several  States,  and  was,  in  a  degree,  the  outgrowth  of  The 
Military  Order  of  Surgeons  of  New  Jersey,  whose  insignia, 
with  slight  modifications,  was  adopted.  The  second  meeting 
of  the  association  was  held  in  St.  Louis,  in  1892,  when 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Godfrey  and  Major  Strock  were  made 
members.  The  third  meeting  was  held  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
the  fourth  at  Chicago  and  the  fifth  at  Buffalo. 

D.       THE  NEW  JERSEY  SOCIETY  OF  THE  SONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN 

REVOLUTION. 

[1889.]  This  society  was  founded  April  30,  1889,  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  alive  the  patriotic  spirit  of  the  men  who 
achieved  American  independence,  and  of  collecting  and 
preserving  records  and  documents  relating  to  the  Revolution. 
Any  male  descendant  of  an  ancestor  engaged  in  establishing 
the  independence  of  xAmerica  is  entitled  to  membership.  The 
society  has  done  much  to  collect  and  preserve  the  revolutionary 
annals  of  New  Jersey,  and  valuable  data,  relating  to  the  battles 
of  Red  Bank,  Trenton,  Springfield,  Princeton  and  Monmouth, 
are  in  its  possession.  Among  the  members  from  Camden  are 
Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin,  who  was  admitted  April  24,  1893 ; 
Dr.  George  R.  Fortiner,  admitted  December  13,  1892,  and 
Edward  Francis  Moody,  Henry  Samuel  Fortiner  and  Charles 
Heath  Heyl. 


Medical  Enactmen is.  221 

Section  XIII. — Medical  Enactments. 

A.       PHYSICIANS    AND   SURGEONS. 

[1889.]  On  April  16th,  a  supplement  to  the  medical  Act 
of  1880  was  approved,  which,  after  prescribing  the  fines  or 
imprisonment  for  practicing  medicine  without  conforming  to 
the  medical  Act  of  1880,  exempted  from  its  provisions  any 
physician  who  shall  file  with  the  county  clerk  an  affidavit 
setting  forth  an  experience  of  twenty  years  of  medical  practice 
in  any  one  locality. 

B.       VETERINARY   SURGEONS. 

On  March  4,  1889,  an  "x\ctto  Protect  the  Title  of  Veter- 
inary Surgeons,  and  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Veterinary- 
Medicine"  was  approved.  The  Act  provided  that  veterinary 
surgeons  should  be  graduates  from  legally  chartered  veterinary- 
colleges  ;  for  the  registration  of  their  diplomas  with  the  clerk 
of  the  county  in  which  they  intended  to  practice ;  for  a  fine  or 
imprisonment  for  fraudulent  registration  of  a  diploma,  and  for 
the  furnishing,  each  year,  by  the  county  clerk,  of  a  registered 
list  of  practicing  veterinarians  to  the  State  Board  of  Health. 
This  Act  re-enforced  the  law  approved  March  18,  1885,  which 
provided  for  the  promotion  of  veterinary  science  and  the  incor- 
poration of  veterinary  societies.  Under  this  Act,  the  following 
registrations  have  been  made  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  for 
Camden  county :  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  a  graduate  of  American 
Veterinary  College  of  New  York,  1879;  Doctors  A.  T. 
Sellers,  John  Oliver  George  and  Harry  B.  Cox,  graduates  of 
the  same  college  in  1887,  1894  and  1895,  respectively; 
Dr.  Charles  S.  Williams,  a  graduate  of  the  Veterinary  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1887 ;  Doctors 
Edgar  H.  Landis,  Leonard  Pearson,  John  J.  Maher  and  T.  J. 
Kean,  graduates  of  the  University,  1890;  Doctors  Harry 
Walter  and  George  A.  Smith,  graduates  of  the  University, 
1892,  and  Dr.  Enoch  H.  Moore,  a  graduate  of  1894  ;  Dr.  James 
McCoart,  a  graduate  of  the  Veterinary  College  of  Philadelphia, 
1864;  Dr.  John  Compton  Kingston,  a  graduate  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons  of  London,  1877,  and  Dr. 
Thomas  H.  Ash,  a  graduate  of  the  Ontario  Veterinary  College, 


222  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

1881.  On  February  5,  1884,  the  Veterinary  Medical  Asso- 
ciation of  New  Jersey  was  organized  and  incorporated,  April  15,, 
1885.  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  of  Camden,  was  one  of  the 
corporate  members  and  has  held  the  position  of  president  and 
trustee.  The  association  has  thrown  a  safeguard  around  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  the  veterinarians  of  the  State  and  has 
elevated  the  standard  of  the  profession  by  scientific  intercourse. 

Section  XIV. — Medical  Professorships  and 
Lectureships. 

[1889.]  The  medical  profession  of  Camden  has  furnished 
a  number  of  professors  and  lecturers  for  the  medical  colleges 
of  Philadelphia,  and  for  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for 
Nurses.  In  1859,  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Rowand  was  elected  professor 
of  Materia  Medica,  Pharmacy  and  General  Therapeutics  in 
Penn  Medical  University  of  Philadelphia,  a  position  retained 
by  him  until  the  close  of  the  college  term  in  i860.  In  i860, 
Dr.  George  S.  F.  Pfeiffer  was  elected  professor  of  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  same  university,  and  retained  the 
position  until  1864,  when  he  was  commissioned  an  assistant 
surgeon  in  the  United  States  Volunteer  service;  in  1880, 
Dr.  H.  M.  Howard  was  elected  lecturer  on  Botany  in  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  afterwards  made 
lecturer  on  Pharmacy,  and  subsequently  promoted  to  the 
position  of  associate  professor  of  Materia  Medica,  a  position 
which  he  still  retains;  in  1887,  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was 
elected  lecturer  on  Fractures  and  Dislocations  in  the  Medico- 
Chirurgical  College  of  Philadelphia;  in  1889,  he  was  made 
lecturer  on  Gynaecology  in  the  same  college,  and,  at  this  time, 
clinics  on  Gynaecology  were  established  at  The  Cooper  Hospital,, 
under  the  control  of  Doctors  W.  A.  Davis  and  E.  L,.  B. 
Godfrey.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  succeeded  Dr.  Godfrey  as 
lecturer  on  Fractures  and  Dislocations,  which  position  he 
retained  for  three  years.  Dr.  Godfrey  resigned  from  the 
lectureship  on  Gynaecology,  in  1893,  after  having  been  con- 
nected with  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College  for  six  years.  In 
the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses,  Doctors  Dowling 
Benjamin,  W.  A.  Davis,  O.  B.  Gross,  Daniel  Strock,  Joseph  H. 


Physicians.  223. 

Wills,  George  T.  Robinson,*  Joseph  L.  Nicholson,  W.  R. 
Powell,  O.  W.  Braymer  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  hold  lectureships. 
Dr.  W.  S.  Jones  holds  the  position  of  chief  of  the  department 
of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College 
Hospital. 

Section  XV. — Physicians. 

[1885.]  During  this  year,  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister 
located  in  Camden  ;  Doctors  Lawrence  L.  Glover  and  William  S. 
Long,  at  Haddonfield,  and  Dr.  John  W.  Marcy,  at  Merchant- 
ville.  Dr.  C.  G.  Hoell  opened  a  drug-store  on  Federal  street 
above  Second ;  Dr.  N,  Davis  opened  a  drug-store  at  Broadway 
and  Spruce  streets,  and  Levi  B.  Hirst  purchased  the  drug-store 
at  the  corner  of  Federal  street  and  Haddon  avenue. 
[1886.]  In  1886,  Dr.  Howard  G.  Bonwill,  a  graduate  of  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College  of  this  year ;  Doctors  George  D. 
Woodward,  William  R.  Powell,  Robert  Casperson  and  Nehemiah 
Davis  began  medical  practice  in  Camden,  and  Dr.  Henry  H. 
Sherk,  a  student  at  Lebanon  College,  a  graduate  of  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  1880,  and  of  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1886,  located  at  Cramer  Hill.  George  D.  Borton, 
druggist,  was  appointed  Collector  for  the  Port  of  Camden,  a 
position  once  held  by  Dr.  Lorenzo  F.  Fisler,  and  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society  and  appointed  on  the  genealogical  committee. 
[1887.]  In  1887,  Dr.  William  T.  Collins  located  in  Camden, 
having  moved  from  Smyrna,  Delaware.  Dr.  Collins 
was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College  in  1854,  and  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1857.  In  1863  and  1864,  he 
served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  Rebellion,  as  has  been  noted  ; 
in  1872,  as  a  presidential  elector  from  Delaware  for  General 
Grant;  in  1876,  as  president  of  the  Republican  State  Conven- 
tion of  Delaware  ;  in  1877,  as  president  of  the  Delaware  State 
Medical  Society,  and  in  1886,  as  president  of  the -Smyrna 
Board  of  Health.  Dr.  John  G.  Doron,  an  A.  B.  of  Brown 
University,  1884,  and  M.  D.  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1887,   located    in    Camden,    and    Dr.   George    R.    Fortiner,   a 

*  Deceased. 


224  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

graduate  of  Penn  Medical  University,  1879,  was  graduated  from 
Hahnemann  Medical  College ;  Stanley  C.  Muschamp,  druggist, 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  was  largely 

instrumental  in  the  founding  of  the  Manual  Training 
[1888.]     School.     In  1888,   Dr.  S.  Bryan  Smith,  a  graduate 

of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  located  in  Camden. 
During  the  year,  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  Sr.,  retired  from 
medical  practice.  Dr.  Marcy  was  educated  at  Amherst  College, 
1859,  and  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861,  and  brought  to 
the  profession  a  mind  well  trained  to  grapple  with  the  problems 
of  life  and  death.  Dr.  Marcy  was  closely  identified  with  the 
State,  County  and  City  Medical  Societies,  and  with  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators. 
He  was  the  first  physician  to  introduce  the  use  of  the  hypo- 
dermatic syringe  to  the  medical  profession  of  Camden ;  the  first 
to  employ  strychnia,  hypodermatically,  in  cases  of  collapse,  and 

the  first  to  administer  mercury,  locally  and  internally, 
[1889.]     in  the  treatment  of  diphtheria.     In    1889,  Doctors 

Frederick  M.  Eaton,  Allan  S.  Ironside  and  William 
S.  Moslander  were  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
of  Philadelphia,  and  located  in  Camden.  Dr.  Ironside  had 
previously  studied  medicine  at  the  Toronto  School  of  Medicine, 
and  practiced  for  a  time  at  Florence,  New  Jersey. 

Section  XVI. — Deaths. 

[1885.]  During  the  period  from  1885  to  1890,  the 
profession  was  called  to  record  the  death  of  Doctors  Alexander 
J.  McKelway,  Peter  V.  Schenck,  Napoleon  B.  Jennings,  James 
A.  Armstrong,  Reynell  Coates,  J.  R.  Haney,  E.  J.  Snitcher, 
John  R.  Snowden.  William  Warnock  and  Pharmacist  0.  H. 
Taylor. 

Dr.  Alexander  J.  McKelway  was  graduated  from  Princeton 
in  183 1,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1834.  He 
served  with  distinction  as  surgeon  of  the  Eighth  Regiment, 
N.  J.  V.,  during  the  Civil  War,  and  rose  to  the  position  of 
division  surgeon  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  Joseph  Hooker. 
After   the  war,  he  located    at    Blackwood,    but    subsequently 


Deaths.  225 

removed  to  Williamstown,  where  he  died,  in  1885.  He  was 
not  a  member  of  the  County  Medical  Society.* 

Dr.  Peter  V.  Schenck,  a  brother  of  John  V.  Schenck,  died 
March  12,  1885.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  i860,  and  entered  the  regular  army,  as  has 
been  noted.  In  1867,  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  the 
Camden  County  and  City  Medical  Societies.  In  1868,  he 
located  at  St.  Louis,  where  he  became  distinguished  in  hospital 
and  private  practice. 

Dr.  Napoleon  B.  Jennings  died  at  his  residence  at  Haddon- 
field,  April  17,  1885,  of  phthisis.  He  was  graduated  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  1856,  and  located  at  Haddonfield, 
where,  by  his  skill  and  genial  nature,  he  secured  in  an  eminent 
degree  the  confidence  of  the  community.  He  was  president 
of  the  County  Medical  Society  in  1861,  and,  in  1872,  a 
charter  member  of  Haddonfield  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  its 
second  master. 

Dr.  James  A.  Armstrong  died  November  1st,  of  apoplexy,  at 
the  bedside  of  a  patient.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia 
College  of  Pharmacy,  1855,  and  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1 86 1 ;  surgeon  of  the  Seventy-third  and  also  of  the 
Seventy-fifth  Regiments  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  partici- 
pated in  many  of  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  Civil  War.  After  the  war,  he  served  on  the  surgical 
staff  of  Satterlee  Hospital  and  subsequently  located  in  Camden. 
In  187 1,  he  was  elected  coroner  of  Camden  county  and,  in 
1 876,  a  member  of  the  County  Medical  Society.  Dr.  Armstrong 
was  actively  interested  in  the  Camden  County  Bible  Society 
and  was  an  elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

[1886.]  Dr.  Reynell  Coates  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
December  10,  1802;  graduated  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1823,  and  went  to  India  that  year  as  surgeon  of  a 
trading-ship,  beginning  his  practice  in  Philadelphia  upon  his 
return  in  the  following  year.  In  1829,  ne  was  elected  professor 
of  Natural  Sciences  in  Allegheny  College,  Pa.,  a  position  he 
held  one  year,  when  he  returned  to  Philadelphia.  In  1834,  he 
abandoned  practice  and  turned  his  attention  to  literature,  taking 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  1885. 

15 


226  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

a  front  rank  among  American  medical  writers  and  exercising  a 
powerful  influence  upon  the  medical  policy  of  the  day.  He  also^ 
became  distinguished  as  a  lecturer  on  medical  subjects.  As  a 
lyric  and  dramatic  poet  ;  as  a  political  and  scientific  writer  and 
as  an  editor  and  novelist,  he  was  famous  among  his  contem- 
poraries. Among  his  works  are  the  following:  "The 
Gambler's  Wife,"  "  The  Exile  of  Connecticut,"  "The  Mimic 
Chase,"  "  Reminiscences  of  a  Voyage  to  India,"  "  Manners  and 
Habits  of  Deep-Sea  Fish,"  "  The  Battle  of  the  Gold  Fish," 
"The  Lightning  of  the  Waters,"  "Night  at  Sea,"  "The 
Heart's  Best  Dream,"  "  We  Part  No  More";  in  poetry  ^ 
"Through  the  Cave  of  Despair,"  "The  Mountain  Child," 
"Eighteen  To-morrow,"  "The  Grecian  Maid,"  "The  Nautilus," 
"  The  Island  Lyre"  ;  on  scientific  subjects,  "Popular  Medicine," 
"First  Lines  in  Physiology,"  "First  Lines  in  Natural 
Philosophy,"  also  monographs  in  The  Cyclopedia  of  Practical 
Medicine,  numerous  contributions  to  the  Journal  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  and  the 
American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  and  an 
oration  on  "  Medical  Instruction  in  America,"  delivered  before 
the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society;  in  fiction,  a  novel,  "The 
Fire-Doomed,"  and  contributions  in  both  prose  and  verse  to 
the  Western  Literary  Magazine  of  Cincinnati,  "Friendship's 
Offering''''  and  the  Boudoir  Annual  of  Boston,  and  the  Leaflets 
of  Memory,  of  which  Dr.  Coates  was  the  editor.* 

Othniel  G.  Taylor  died  soon  after  his  resignation  from 
the  dispensary,  from  inflammatory  rheumatism.  Mr.  Taylor 
was  a  son  of  Dr.  O.  H.  Taylor  and  brother  of  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor.  He  was  appointed  pharmacist  and  superintendent  of 
the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  March  21,  1865,  and  served 
continuously  until  his  resignation  in  January,  1886,  a  period 
of  twenty-one  years.  This  unusually  long  term  of  service 
made  him  well  known  to  the  physicians  of  Camden,  with 
whom  he  was  very  popular. 

[1887.]  On  August  27th,  Dr.  John  R.  Haney  died  at  his 
residence  on  Kaighn's  avenue,  of  Bright's  disease.  Dr.  Haney 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1861  and 

*Dr.  John  S.  Hart  in  Graham's  Magazine  of  Literature  and  Art,  October,  1846. 


Deaths.  227 

served  as  an  acting  assistant  surgeon  in  a  United  States  Army 
Hospital  for  several  months.  In  1870,  he  located  in  Camden 
and  opened  a  drug-store  on  Kaighn's  avenue,  which  he  super- 
vised in  connection  with  his  practice.  In  1883,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  County  Medical  Society  and,  in  1884,  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

[1888.]  Dr.  Elijah  J.  Snitcher  died  of  pneumonia  on 
February  5th.  Dr.  Snitcher  was  a  graduate  of  Exeter 
Academy,  N.  H.,  and  of  the  Chicago  Medical  College,  in  1874, 
after  which  he  served  as  interne  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital, 
Chicago.  He  was  a  faithful  and  skillful  servitor  of  his 
patients  and  possessed  the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  the 
profession  and  the  public. 

Dr.  John  W.  Snowden  died  of  cancer  at  his  residence  at 
Hammonton,  May  28th.  Dr.  Snowden  was  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1 844,  and  located  at  Ancora. 
He  joined  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  in  1849,  and 
was  rarely  absent  in  the  thirty-nine  years  of  his  membership, 
serving  as  president  in  1855,  and  also  in  1875.  In  1878,  he 
was  appointed  chairman  of  the  standing  committee  and  served 
for  nine  years.  In  1882,  he  was  made  president  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey,  being  the  fifth  physician  from  Camden 
county  to  hold  that  position.  Dr.  Snowden  exerted  a  marked 
influence  in  the  community  on  account  of  his  skill  and 
accomplishments. 

[1889.]  Dr.  William  Warnock  died  of  phthisis  at 
Burlington,  during  the  year.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1880,  and  served  for  two  years 
as  surgeon  on  the  Red  Star  Trans-continental  line  of  steamers, 
after  which  he  located  in  Camden.  He  served  for  a  term  as 
district  physician  of  the  Camden  City  Dispensary. 


CHAPTER  XL 
THE  PERIOD   FROM  1890  TO   1895. 

Section  i. — The  Camden  City  Dispensary. 

[1890.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held 
January  14th,  with  President  Maurice  Browning  in  the  chair. 
Nine  hundred  and  fifteen  medical  and  surgical  cases  were 
reported  to  have  been  treated  and  fifteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  prescriptions  compounded,  from  an  expenditure  of 
$3,307.72.  Messrs.  Maurice  Browning,  David  M.  Chambers, 
Richard  H.  Reeve,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  Peter  V.  Voorhees, 
Rudolphus  W.  Birdsall  and  Howard  M.  Cooper  were  elected 
members  of  the  Board  of  Managers  by  the  contributors  of  the 
dispensary,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  W.  A. 
Davis,  O.  B.  Gross,  H.  H.  Davis,  E.  P.  Townsend,  Dowling 
Benjamin  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  by  the  Camden  City  Medical 
Society.  The  board  organized  by  electing  Maurice  Browning 
president ;  David  M.  Chambers,  vice-president  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  secretary,  and  Richard  H.  Reeve,  treasurer.  The 
medical  staff  were  re-elected.  On  February  27th,  a  special 
meeting  was  held  to  consider  the  sale  of  the  dispensary  build- 
ing and  lot,  No.  46  North  Third  street,  to  the  West  Jersey 
Title  and  Guarantee  Company,  for  $4,500.  The  sale  took 
place  on  March  12,  1890,  for  the  sum  named  ;  the  building 
was  removed  and  the  vaults  of  the  company  were  built  upon 
the  site.  The  dispensary  service  was  then  established  at  No. 
532  Market  street,  until  a  new  building  could  be  erected.  On 
March  15th,  the  dispensary  received  a  legacy  of  $500  from  the 
estate  of  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  and,  on  July  8th,  the  salary  of 
Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  interne  and  superintendent,  was  increased  to 
$500  per  annum. 

[1891.]     The    annual  meeting   was   held  January   13th. 

There  was  the  same  number  of  cases  treated  and  of  prescriptions 

compounded  as  in  the  previous  year.     The  treasurer  reported 

$7,773.90  in  his  possession  from  the  following  sources :    Balance 

228 


The  Camden  City  Dispensary .  229 

from  1890,  $812.65  ;  sale  of  dispensary  building,  $4,500  ;  inter- 
est on  invested  funds,  $637  ;  rent  from  United  States  Pension 
Board,  $60;  appropriation  from  City  Council,  $1,200;  legacy 
from  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  $500 ;  total,  $7,773.90.  Those  members 
of  the  Board  of  Managers,  elected  by  the  contributors,  were 
re-elected,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray, 
W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis,  W.  H.  Ireland,  W.  H.  Iszard,  E.  P. 
Townsend  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  represented  the  Camden  City 
Medical  Society  in  the  board.  The  board  organized  with  the 
re-election  of  its  former  officers.  On  May  19th,  the  vacant 
lots  at  725,  727  and  729  Federal  street  were  purchased  for 
$2,859.50  for  building  purposes  and,  on  June  30th,  the  building 
plans  submitted  by  Moses  and  King,  architects,  were  adopted 
by  the  board  and  a  building  committee  was  appointed,  who  at 
once  began  the  construction  of  the  present  edifice.  Up  to  this 
time,  the  pharmacist  of  the  dispensary  had  been  elected  by  the 
Camden  City  Medical  Society,  but,  in  order  to  place  all  officials 
of  the  institution  under  the  supervision  of  the  managers,  the 
constitution  and  by-laws  of  the  dispensary  were  revised  to  meet 
this  need.  The  city  appropriation  of  $1,200  for  the  indigent 
sick  was  again  secured,  and  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills  was  elected 
district  physician  for  the  First  and  Third  wards,  and  Dr.  O.  W. 
Braymer  for  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  wards.  A  legacy  of  $500 
was  received  from  Rachel  Cooper,  on  December  5th. 

[1892.]  Following  the  adoption  of  the  plans  for  a  new 
dispensary  building,  June  30th,  1891,  the  managers  proceeded 
to  erect  the  present  building,  which  was  completed  and 
dedicated  to  the  public  use,  January  8,  1892.  The  new  edifice 
has  a  frontage  of  thirty-four  feet  and  is  eighty-six  feet  in 
depth.  It  is  two  stories  in  height ;  built  of  brick  with  Indiana 
limestone  trimmings  ;  the  first  floor  arranged  for  dispensary, 
clinical  and  lecturing  purposes,  and  the  second  for  the  use  of 
the  Camden  City  Medical  Society,  in  whose  rooms  provisions 
have  been  made  for  the  Cooper  and  Mulford  libraries.  The 
cost  of  construction  was  $8,323.03,  which,  added  to  the 
purchase  price  of  the  lots,  $2,859.50,  made  the  entire  cost 
$11,182.53.  The  dedicatory  ceremonies  included  an  "  Histor- 
ical Sketch  of  the  Camden  City    Dispensary,"  by    H.  Genet 


230  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Taylor,  A.M.,  M.  D.,  and  addresses  by  Hon.  Christopher  A. 
Bergen,  M.  C,  and  Rev.  William  Boyd.  The  annual  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  was  held  January  12th,  with  Presi- 
dent Browning  in  the  chair.  The  representatives  of  the  con- 
tributors were  re-elected  members  of  the  board,  and  Doctors  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis,  0.  B. 
Gross,  D.  Benjamin,  E.  P.  Townsend  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey 
were  elected  to  the  board  from  the  City  Medical  Society.  The 
officers  of  the  preceding  year  were  re-elected.  The  revised 
constitution  was  adopted  and  T.  J.  W.  Phillips,  Ph.  G.,  was 
elected  pharmacist  in  the  place  of  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  resigned. 
The  following  consulting  and  attending  staff  were  elected : 
Consulting  physicians,  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  William 
A.  Davis  and  James  M.  Ridge ;  consulting  surgeons,  O.  B.  Gross, 

E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  D.  Benjamin  and  Daniel  Strock  ;  attending 
staff, — medicine,  H.  F.  Palm,  G.  W.  Henry,  William  Shafer 
and  B.  S.  Lewis ;  surgery,  Alexander  McAlister,  J.  H.  Frick, 

F.  L.  Horning  and  John  F.  Eeavitt ;  gynaecology,  William  H. 
Ireland,  H.  H.  Davis,  J.  S.  Baer  and  Milton  M.  Osmun  ;  eye 
and  ear,  E.  P.  Townsend,  William  R.  Powell  and  Robert 
Caspersou ;  diseases  of  the  throat,  William  S.  Jones;  diseases 
of  the  skin  and  pathologist,  George  T.  Robinson  ;  district 
physicians,  Joseph  H.  Wills  and  O.  W.  Braymer ;  microscopist, 
Albert  P.  Brown,  Ph.  G.  ;  pharmacist,  Thomas  J.  W.  Phillips, 
Ph.G. 

[1893.]  The  construction  of  a  new  building  and  the 
enlargement  of  the  corps  of  physicians  increased  the  work  and 
usefulness  of  the  dispensary .  At  the  annual  meeting,  January 
17th,  four  thousand,  three  hundred  and  ninety-four  cases  were 
reported  to  have  been  treated,  and  ten  thousand,  one  hundred 
and  seventy-one  prescriptions  compounded.  The  lay  members 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  were  re-elected,  except  that  Samuel 
H.  Grey  succeeded  Rudolphus  W.  Birdsall,  who  had  removed 
from  the  city.  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray, 
W.  A.  Davis,  O.  B.  Gross,  Daniel  Strock,  W.  H.  Ireland,  J.  S. 
Baer  and  E.  E-  B.  Godfrey  represented  the  City  Medical  Society. 
The  old  officers  were  re-elected,  with  the  exception  that  Hon. 
Henry  B.  Wilson  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  board  in 


The  Camden  City  Dispensary .  231 

place  of  David  M.  Chambers,  declined,  and,  with  few  excep- 
tions, the  medical  staff  were  re-appointed.  The  appropriation 
of  City  Council  for  dispensary  service  was  again  renewed. 
The  first  appropriation  of  City  Council  to  the  Camden  City 
Dispensary  was  made  in  1868.  The  sum  was  $300,  which  was 
annually  granted  until  1879,  when  the  amount  was  increased 
to  $1,600;  the  city  was  divided  into  three  districts,  and  physi- 
cians were  appointed  for  each  district.  At  this  time,  a  salary 
of  $200  per  annum  was  granted  each  district  physician. 
Previously  to  this,  all  dispensary  work  had  been  gratuitous  on 
the  part  of  its  medical  staff.  The  annual  appropriation  of 
$1,600  for  the  sick  poor  was  continued  until  1885,  when  the 
sanitary  committee  of  City  Council  asked  for  a  bid  from  the 
Board  of  Managers,  because  of  the  desire  of  the  Camden 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  Association  to  compete 
for  the  work  of  caring  for  the  indigent  sick  of  the  city.  The 
managers  refused  to  do  this  and  the  Homoeopathic  Association 
secured  the  entire  appropriation  for  that  year.  In  1886,  City 
Council  increased  the  appropriation  to  $2,400,  and  divided  it 
equally  between  the  two  associations  named,  and,  since  then, 
each  has  received  $1,200  per  annum. 

[1894.]  During  this  year,  two  thousand,  eight  hundred  and 
forty-five  cases  were  treated  at  the  dispensary,  and  six  hundred 
and  thirty-six  at  their  residences.  The  work  of  the  institution 
for  the  year  in  the  clinical  rooms  and  outdoor  service  made  a 
total  of  twelve  thousand,  nine  hundred  and  eighty-four  visits. 
The  following  managers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year : 
Maurice  Browning,  Henry  B.  Wilson,  Richard  H.  Reeve, 
David  M.  Chambers,  Samuel  H.  Grey,  Peter  V.  Voorhees, 
Howard  M.  Cooper  and  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray, 
W.  A.  Davis,  O.  B.  Gross,  D.  Benjamin,  W.  R.  Powell,  J.  G. 
Doron  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey.  Maurice  Browning  was  elected 
president ;  Henry  B.  Wilson,  vice-president ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  secretary,  and  Richard  H.  Reeve,  treasurer.  The 
following  constituted  the  consulting  and  attending  staff :  Con- 
sulting physicians,  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  E.  L.  B. 
Godfrey,  W.  A.  Davis,  J.  M.  Ridge  and  G.  T.  Robinson ;  con- 
sulting surgeons,  O.  B.  Gross,  D.  Benjamin,  J.  H.  Wills,  Daniel 


232  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cvunty. 

Strock  and  W.  R.  Powell ;  attending  staff, — medicine,  J.  G. 
Doron,  A.  H.  Lippincott,  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger  and  G.  E.  Kirk ; 
surgery,  F.  L.  Horning,  J.  F.  Stock,  W.  G.  Bailey  and  W.  I. 
Kelchner ;  gynaecology,  J.  S.  Baer,  O.  W.  Braymer,  W.  S.  Bray 
and  S.  Presley;  eye  and  ear,  Robert  Casperson  and  C.  B. 
Donges ;  throat  and  skin,  J.  L-  Nicholson,  W.  W.  Kaighn,  E.  E. 
De  Grofft  and  W.  S.  Miller ;  pathologist,  E.  B.  Hirst ;  district 
physicians,  W.  H.  Pratt  and  W.  S.  Miller ;  microscopist,  W.  S. 
Bray ;  pharmacist,  Thomas  J.  W.  Phillips. 

Section  II. — The  Camden  City  Medical  Society. 

[1890.]  The  records  of  the  society  for  the  year  are 
incomplete.  At  the  annual  meeting,  January  9th,  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  William  A.  Davis,  secretary ;  Dr.  George  T. 
Robinson,  treasurer;  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm,  librarian  ;  Doctors 
H.  Genet  Taylor,  Alexander  M.  Mecray  and  Dowling  Benjamin 
were  elected  members  of  the  standing  committee,  and  Doctors 
Taylor,  Mecray,  Benjamin,  Strock,  W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis, 
Townsend  and  Godfrey,  managers  for  the  Camden  City  Dis- 
pensary. 

[189 1.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
January  8th,  when  the  retiring  president,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock, 
delivered  an  address  on  "The  Hygiene  of  Every- Day  Life." 
Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Alexander 
McAlister,  vice-president ;  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  secretary ; 
Dr.  George  T.  Robinson,  treasurer;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  his- 
torian ;  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm,  librarian ;  Doctors  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray  and  E.  P.  Townsend  were  elected 
members  of  the  standing  committee  ;  Doctors  Taylor,  Mecray ,, 
W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis,  Townsend,  Ireland  and  Godfrey, 
managers  for  the  dispensary,  and  Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Lewis  was 
elected  to  membership.  At  the  February  meeting,  a  paper  was- 
read  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  on  "  Laceration  of  the  Cervix 
Uteri  " ;  in  March,  one  on  "  Artesian  Wells,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  H. 
Wills;  in  June,  Dr.  W.  H.  Ireland  spoke  on  "The  Manage- 
ment   of   the  Secundi    after    Parturition  and   Abortion";    in 


The  Camden   City  Medical  Society.  233 

October,  a  paper  on  "  Milk  Sterilization "  was  read  by  Dr. 
Nehemiah  Davis  ;  in  November,  one  on  "Diphtheria,"  by  Dr. 
Daniel  Strock,  and  in  December,  one  on  "  Rectal  Polypi,"  by 
Dr.  Sophia  Presley.  Dr.  Alexander  Marcy,  of  Riverton  ;  Dr. 
John  R.  Stevenson,  of  Haddonfield;  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk,  of 
Cramer  Hill,  and  Doctors  H.  A.  M.  Smith  and  D.  W.  Blake, 
of  Gloucester  City,  were  elected  corresponding  members,  and 
Dr.  J.  Howard  Frick  and  W.  F.  H.  Osmun,  the  former  a 
graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1888  and  the  latter  in 
1889,  were  elected  active  members  of  the  society. 

[1892.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in 
the  new  dispensary  building,  January  14th,  in  the  rooms 
assigned  to  the  society  by  the  dispensary  managers.  Dr.  H. 
F.  Palm  presided  and  delivered  an  address  on  "  Ye  have  the 
Poor  always  with  You,"  and  Dr.  D.  Strock  read  an  historical 
account  of  the  society  for  the  past  year.  Dr.  Alexander 
McAlister  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson, 
vice-president  and  treasurer ;  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  secretary ; 
Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  librarian;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  historian; 
Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray  and  E.  P.  Townsend 
were  elected  members  of  the  standing  committee,  and  Doctors 
Taylor,  Mecray,  Benjamin,  Gross,  W.  A.  Davis,  H.  H.  Davis, 
Townsend  and  Godfrey,  managers  for  the  dispensary.  At  the 
February  meeting,  Dr.  Joel  W.  Fithian,  a  graduate  of  South 
Jersey  Institute  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1887,  and 
ex-interne  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania, 
was  elected  to  membership.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  discussed 
the  subject  of  "  Ovarian  Tumors"  and  exhibited  a  pathological 
specimen.  In  March,  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer  read  a  paper  on  the 
"  Diagnosis  and  Treatment  of  Uterine  Fibroids"  ;  in  April, 
Dr.  James  G.  Stanton  was  elected  a  member  and  Dr.  Henry  F. 
Formad,  of  Philadelphia,  exhibited  a  unique  specimen  of 
enlarged  colon  ;  in  May,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  read  a  paper  on 
"Emergencies  in  Labor"  ;  in  June,  Dr.  Joel  W.  Fithian  read 
a  paper  on  "Diabetes  Mellitus " ;  Doctors  Grant  E.  Kirk, 
Ph.G.,  and  Walter  S.  Bray,  the  former  a  graduate  of  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1891,  and  the  latter  in  1887,  and  Rowland  I. 
Haines,  a  former  student  at  Swarthmore  College  and  a  graduate 


234  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1890,  were  elected  mem- 
bers, .and  Dr.  William  B.  Jennings,  of  Haddonfield,  corre- 
sponding member;  in  September,  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  who  had 
been  appointed  chairman  of  a  committee  on  the  registration  of 
mid  wives,  reported  that  he  had  examined  the  records  of 
births  at  the  City  Hall  and  fonnd  that  there  were  twenty-six 
rnidwives  in  active  practice  in  Camden  ;  that  they  had  attended 
about  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  cases  reported;  and  that  he 
had  supplied  them  with  a  copy  of  the  law  requiring  their 
registration  at  the  office  of  the  county  clerk.  Dr.  J.  Howard 
Frick  read  a  paper  on  cholera  and  exhibited  the  comma 
bacillus.  On  September  16th,  a  special  meeting  of  the  society 
was  called  to  consider  what  steps  should  be  taken  in  the 
event  of  the  appearance  of  cholera,  then  epidemic  in  various 
parts  of  Europe  and  present  at  the  New  York  Quarantine,  at 
Jersey  City,  and  at  New  Brunswick,  where  one  death  occurred. 
Resolutions  were  adopted,  reciting  the  contagious  nature  of 
the  disease,  its  mode  of  transmission  and  the  effects  of  thorough 
sanitation  in  its  prevention  and  treatment,  with  the  offer  to 
assist  the  Board  of  Health,  upon  request,  should  the  disease 
invade  the  city.  Dr.  Robert  Casperson  read  a  paper  on 
"  Abortion,"  at  the  October  meeting,  and  Dr.  Edward  Phelan, 
a  graduate  of  McGill  University,  Canada,  was  elected  a  corre- 
sponding member.  On  October  27th,  a  special  meeting  was 
held  to  hear  a  paper  on  the  observations  and  discoveries  by  Dr. 
George  T.  Robinson,  of  the  changes  that  take  place  in  the 
blood  during  disease.  Dr.  Robinson  claimed  to  be  the  first  to 
discover  certain  changes  that  take  place  in  the  blood  in  acute 
diseases,  particularly  diphtheria,  which  can  only  be  recognized 
by  the  spectroscope.  In  November,  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge  dis- 
cussed "The  Chemical  Analysis  and  Microscopical  Examina- 
tion of  Water"  ;  in  December,  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis  read  a  paper 
on  "The  City's  Death-rate  and  Sanitary  Plumbing,"  and  Dr. 
Jacob  F.  Stock,  Ph.G.,  and  Dr.  Wilson  Gill  Bailey,  graduates 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  the  former  in  1890  and  the  latter 
in  1 89 1,  and  Dr.  Sylvan  G.  Bushey,  a  graduate  of  Wyoming 
Seminary  in  1887  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1891, 
were  elected  members. 


The  Camden  City  Medical  Society.  235 

[1893.]  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  rooms  of 
the  society,  January  12th.  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister  delivered 
the  annual  address  on  the  "  Dangers  of  Malt  Liquors  as  Galac- 
tagogues  "  and  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  read  the  historical  record  for 
the  past  year.  The  treasurer  reported  the  annual  income  of 
the  society  to  be  four  hundred  and  forty-nine  dollars  and  sixty- 
nine  cents,  and  the  constitution  was  amended  to  provide  for 
the  meeting  of  the  society  on  the  third  Wednesday  night, 
instead  of  Thursday,  of  each  month.  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson 
was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  vice-president  and 
secretary;  Dr.  O.  W.  Bray  mer,  treasurer  ;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock, 
reporter ;  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm,  librarian  ;  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
A.  M.  Mecray  and  J.  M.  Ridge  were  elected  members  of  the 
standing  committee  and  Doctors  Taylor,  Mecray,  W.  A.  Davis, 
Gross,  Strock,  Ireland,  Baer  and  Godfrey,  managers  of  the 
dispensary.  Dr.  D.  Benjamin  exhibited  a  diseased  ovary 
which  he  had  recently  removed.  The  stated  meeting  of 
February  was  held  with  an  attendance  of  twenty-eight  members. 
Dr.  D.  W.  Blake  read  a  paper  on  "  Intestinal  Hemorrhages  in 
Typhoid  Fever"  ;  in  March,  Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer  reported  an 
operation  of  "  Oophorectomy"  ;  in  April,  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross  read 
a  paper  on  "  Hemorrhoids  "  ;  in  May,  Dr.  W.  S.  Bray  gave  an 
illustration  of  "  Hypnotism  "  ;  in  June,  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson 
read  an  historical  paper  on  "  Our  Fortieth  Anniversary,"  and 
Dr.  Ahab  H.  LJppincott,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
1892,  was  elected  a  member;  in  September,  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer 
read  a  paper  on  "  Ovariotomy."  The  constitution  was 
amended  to  provide  for  a  legislative  committee  of  three  mem- 
bers to  make  a  report,  at  the  regular,  special  or  annual  meetings, 
of  all  new  medical  laws.  Dr.  Eugene  E.  De  Grofft,  a  graduate 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1875,  and  a  member  of  Salem 
and  Gloucester  County  Medical  Societies,  was  elected  a  member ; 
in  October,  a  painting  called  the  "First  Dissection"  was 
presented  to  the  society  by  Colonel  John  R.  Johnston,  the  artist, 
through  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  and  accepted  by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross 
on  behalf  of  the  society.  This  was  made  the  occasion  of  a 
special  meeting  which  was  followed  by  a  banquet.  Colonel 
Johnston  had  previously  presented  to  the  society  the  portraits  of 


236  Histoiy  Medical  Profession  Camden  Comity. 

Dr.  Thomas  F.  Cullen  and  Dr.  James  F.  Ridge,  which,  with 
those  of  Doctors  L.  F.  Fisler,  Reynell  Coates,  Richard  M. 
Cooper,  Othniel  H.  Taylor  and  Colonel  Thomas  McKeen,  now 
adorn  the  rooms  of  the  society.  In  November,  the  subject  of 
diphtheria  was  discussed  by  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson ;  Dr.  Joseph 
ly.  Nicholson,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1890,  and  ex-resident  of  Cooper  and  Philadelphia  Hospitals, 
was  elected  a  member,  and  Dr.  William  W.  Kain,  Ph.G.,  a 
graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1893,  and  Dr.  William 
H.  Pratt,  Ph.  G.,  a  graduate  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College 
of  Philadelphia,  1893,  were  elected  corresponding  members. 
In  December,  the  nominations  for  officers  for  the  ensuing  year 
were  made  and  Dr.  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger,  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1892,  and  ex-resident  physician  of 
The  Cooper  Hospital,  was  elected  a  member. 

[1894.]  At  the  annual  meeting,  January  10th,  Dr.  Joseph 
H.  Wills  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer,  vice- 
president  ;  Dr.  Sophia  Presley,  secretary  ;  Dr.  A.  H.  Lippincott, 
treasurer ;  Dr.  Joseph  L.  Nicholson,  librarian ;  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock,  historian  ;  Doctors  J.  M.  Ridge,  G.  E.  Kirk  and  W.  S. 
Bray  were  elected  members  of  the  standing  committee  ;  Doctors 
George  W.  Henry  and  D.  Benjamin,  members  of  the  legislative 
committee,  and  Doctors  Taylor,  Mecray,  Baer,  Robinson,  W. 
A.  Davis,  Stock,  Gross  and  Godfrey,  representatives  of  the 
society  in  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Camden  City  Dispen- 
sary. The  treasurer  reported  the  income  of  the  society  to  be 
$378.87  for  the  year.  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  presented  a  history 
of  the  society  for  the  past  year  and  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson 
delivered  the  annual  address.  In  February,  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk 
read  a  paper  on  "  La  Grippe  "  ;  in  March,  the  society  received 
the  portrait  of  Dr.  Reynell  Coates,  presented  by  Dr.  D. 
Benjamin  ;  in  April,  no  medical  discussion  took  place ;  in  May, 
the  "  Present  and  Prospective  Sources  of  the  Water-supply  of 
Camden"  was  discussed;  in  June,  Dr.  Benjamin  read  a  paper 
on  "  Typhoid  Fever  in  Camden  "  ;  in  September,  Dr.  O.  B. 
Gross  read  a  paper  on  "  Lactic  Acid  as  a  Remedial  Agent,"  and 
Doctors  Edward  Phelan  and  William  I.  Kelchner,  the  latter 
a  former    student    at    Schuylkill    Seminary,  Keystone   State 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society  237 

Normal  School,  and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1893,  were  elected  members;  in  October,  Dr.  J.  Howard 
Frick  read  a  paper  on  "Ophthalmia  Neonatorum";  in 
November,  Dr.  Judson  Daland,  of  Philadelphia,  spoke  on  the 
"Diagnosis  of  Blood  Diseases,"  and  Dr.  William  H.  Pratt  was 
elected  a  member;  in  December,  Dr.  William  W.  Kain,  Ph.G., 
and  Dr.  William  E.  Miller,  Ph.G.,  the  latter  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1893,  were  elected  members.  At 
the  annual  meeting  in  January,  1895,  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills  de- 
livered the  annual  address  ;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  read  an  historical 
sketch  of  the  society  for  the  past  year ;  Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer  was 
elected  president ;  Dr.  William  S.  Jones,  vice-president ;  Dr. 
Sophia  Presley,  secretary;  Dr.  A.  H.  Lippincott,  treasurer;  Dr. 
Daniel  Strock,  historian ;  Dr.  S.  G.  Bushey,  librarian;  Doctors 
James  M.  Ridge,  W.  S.  Bray  and  George  T.  Robinson  were 
elected  members  of  the  standing  committee  ;  Doctors  E.  E.  De 
Grofft,  J.  W.  Donges  and  Robert  Casperson,  members  of  the  leg- 
islative committee,  and  Doctors  Taylor,  Mecray,  W.  A.  Davis, 
Benjamin,  Powell,  Doron,  Gross  and  Godfrey,  managers  to  the 
dispensary. 

Section   III. — The   Camden   District   Medical  Society. 

[1890.]  The  February  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
on  the  nth  instant,  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel.  The  following 
papers  were  read:  "Pneumonia,"  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend ; 
"Salpingitis,"  by  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister,  and  "Puerperal 
Fever,"  by  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm. 

The  forty-fourth  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
at  Gloucester  City,  May  15th,  with  the  president,  Dr.  William  A. 
Davis,  in  the  chair,  who  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Anti- 
septic Treatment  of  Typhoid  Fever."  The  society  at  this  time 
numbered  forty-three  members.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  read 
the  historical  record  of  the  society  during  the  past  year,  and 
Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  reported  for  the  standing  committee  that 
Camden  county  had  had  less  than  the  usual  amount  of  sick- 
ness, aside  from  the  prevalence  of  the  epidemic  of  la  grippe, 
which  will    be  considered    subsequently.     The  advisability  of 


238  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

establishing  a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  was  com- 
mented upon  adversely  by  a  number  of  the  members.  Dr.  H.  H. 
Davis  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  secretary;  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  treasurer; 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  historian  ;  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend,  chair- 
man of  the  standing  committee,  and  Doctors  Stevenson,  Marcy, 
Branin,  Smith  and  Taylor  were  elected  censors.  The  usual 
delegates  to  the  State  Medical  and  corresponding  societies  were 
appointed.  Dr.  E.  L,.  B.  Godfrey  declined  re-election  to  the 
secretaryship,  because  of  pressure  of  work,  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm 
was  elected  to  succeed  him.  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray,  for  the  same 
reason,  declined  re-election  as  treasurer,  and  Dr.  George  T. 
Robinson  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Doctors  Sophia 
Presley  and  Harry  Jarrett  were  elected  members,  and  Dr.  D.  P. 
Pancoast  resigned  because  of  removal  from  the  county. 
Dr.  Presley  was  graduated  from  the  Granville  Female  Seminary, 
Ohio,  in  i860;  from  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, in  1879;  served  as  resident  physician  in  the  Hospital  for 
Women  and  Children,  Philadelphia,  for  one  year,  and  then 
located  in  Camden.  She  was  the  first  female  physician  elected 
a  member  of  the  society.  Dr.  Harry  Jarrett  was  graduated  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1887,  and  served  as  medical  and 
surgical  interne  in  The  Cooper  Hospital  for  two  years.  The 
November  meeting  was  held  at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel,  on  the 
nth,  when  the  following  papers  were  presented:  "Antiseptic 
Midwifery,"  by  Dr.  William  H.  Ireland;  "Rib  Presentation," 
by  Dr.  J.  F.  Leavitt ;  "  Retroflexion  of  the  Uterus,"  by 
Dr.  E.  Iy.  B.  Godfrey;  "Tetanus,"  by  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk; 
"Abdominal  Surgery,"  by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross.  Doctors  Orange 
W.  Braymer  and  Frank  L.  Horning  were  elected  members. 
Dr.  Braymer  was  graduated  from  Allegheny  College,  in  1886, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  from  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
in  1888.  In  1889,  Allegheny  College  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  and,  in  1892,  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  Dr.  Horning 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1889. 

[1891.]  The  February  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
at  the  West  Jersey  Hotel,  on  the  10th  instant.  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock  read  a  paper  on  "A  Report  of  the  Hyderabad  Chloro- 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  239 

form  Commission".;  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister,  a  paper  on 
"A  Case  of  Volvulus  of  the  Ileum,"  and  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills, 
a  paper  on  "Artesian  Wells  as  a  Source  of  Drinking- Water." 
Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Lewis  and  Dr.  Joseph  S.  Baer,  graduates  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1888,  were  elected  members. 

The  forty-fifth  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at 
Westville,  May  12th.  This  was  the  first  time  the  annual 
meeting  was  held  beyond  the  county  limits.  Dr.  John  R. 
Stevenson  presented  the  history  of  the  society,  and  Dr.  E.  P. 
Townsend  read  the  report  of  the  standing  committee  and 
considered  the  prevalence  of  la  grippe  and  other  diseases. 
The  president  omitted  the  annual  address.  Dr.  Duncan  W. 
Blake  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm,  vice-presi- 
dent ;  Dr.  A.  T.  Dobson,  secretary ;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson, 
treasurer;  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  historian;  Dr.  E.  P.  Towns- 
end,  chairman  of  the  standing  committee,  and  Doctors  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  Alexander  Marcy,  H.  E.  Branin,  J.  R.  Stevenson  and 
H.  A.  M.  Smith  were  elected  censors.  Delegates  were  elected 
to  the  State  Medical  and  other  societies. 

The  November  meeting  was  held  at  Haddonfield  for  the 
first  time  since  1849.  Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer  read  a  paper  on 
"Diphtheria";  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin,  a  paper  on  "Abdominal 
Section  for  Ventral  Hernia,"  and  one  on  "Ligation  of  the 
Femoral  Artery  for  Popliteal  Aneurism "  ;  Dr.  Harry  Jarrett, 
one  on  " Intra-capsular  Fracture";  Dr.  James  M.  Walmsley, 
one  on  "  Hygiene  of  Public  Schools,"  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
one  on  "The  Physician  in  Literature."  Doctors  W.  F.  H. 
Osmun,  of  Camden;  Charles  H.  Jennings,  of  Merchantville, 
and  William  H.  Kensinger,  of  Cramer  Hill,  graduates  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1889,  were  elected  members. 

[1892.]  The  February  meeting  was  held  at  the  Camden 
City  Dispensary  building,  on  the  9th  instant,  with  Dr.  D.  W. 
Blake  in  the  chair.  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  read  a  paper  on 
"La  Grippe."  There  were  a  number  of  distinguished  guests 
present,  including  Doctors  W.  P.  Melcher  and  R.  H.  Parsons, 
of  Mt.  Holly,  and  Professors  H.  A.  Hare  and  J.  V.  Shoemaker, 
of  Philadelphia.  Doctors  William  T.  Collins,  William  R. 
Powell,  Ph.  G. ;   James  G.  Stanton,    Nehemiah  Davis,  Ph.  G., 


240  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

and  John  J.  Haley,  Ph.  G.  (a  former  student  at  Swarthmore 
College  and  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1890), 
were  elected  members. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Westville,  May  10th. 
Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend,  in  the  report  of  the  standing  committee, 
said  in  substance  that  la  grippe,  with  the  various  sequelae,  was 
generally  prevalent ;  that  diphtheria  had  occurred  in  all  parts 
of  the  county,  and  that  scarlet  fever  had  prevailed  extensively 
in  Camden.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  read  the  history  of  the 
society  during  the  past  year  and  Dr.  Sophia  Presley  a  paper  on 
"Puerperal  Fever."  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  was  elected 
president ;  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend,  vice-president ;  Dr.  A.  T. 
Dobson,  secretary;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson,  treasurer; 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  historian;  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend, 
chairman  of  the  standing  committee ;  Doctors  Ridge  and 
Marcy  were  elected  permanent  delegates  to  the  State  Medical 
Society  and  Dr.  Joel  W.  Fithian  was  made  a  member. 

The  regular  November  meeting  was  not  held,  because  of 
the  failure  of  the  secretary  to  call  it,  and  a  special  meeting  was 
appointed  in  consequence,  November  15th,  when  Dr.  A.  M. 
Mecray,  from  the  section  on  practice  of  medicine,  read  a  paper 
on  "  Cholera  "  ;  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister,  a  paper  on  "Appen- 
dicitis" ;  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills,  one  on  "Tumors  of  the  Jaw," 
and  Dr.  James  M.  Ridge,  one  on  "  Intestinal  Obstruction." 
Dr.  John  G.  Doron  was  elected  a  member.  The  medical 
census  of  the  county  was  taken  during  the  year  and  showed 
that  there  were  one  hundred  and  seventeen  practicing 
physicians  located  as  follows :  In  Camden,  sixty-five  regular, 
twenty  homoeopathic  and  five  eclectic  physicians,  total  ninety  ; 
in  Haddonfield,  five  regular  and  two  homoeopathic,  total  seven  ; 
in  Gloucester  City,  six  regular  and  two  homoeopathic,  total 
eight ;  in  Berlin,  three  regular ;  in  Merchantville,  two  regular 
and  two  homoeopathic,  total  four ;  in  Atco,  one  homoeopathic  ; 
in  Blackwood,  two  regular;  in  Mt.  Ephraim,  one  homoeo- 
pathic ;  in  Marl  ton,  one  regular  physician,  making  the  entire 
number  one  hundred  and  seventeen,  of  which  eighty-four  were 
regular,  twenty-eight  homoeopathic  and  five  eclectic  prac- 
titioners.    The  medical  census  of  1852   (Chapter  III,  Section 


The  Camden  District  Medical  Society.  241 

II)  shows  that  there  were  twenty-seven  practitioners,  and  that 
of  1872  (Chapter  VII,  Section  III),  fifty-two  within  the  comity. 

[1893].  The  February  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
on  the  15th  inst.,  with  a  large  attendance.  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis 
read  a  paper  on  "  Asiatic  Cholera  "  and  Dr.  John  V.  Shoemaker, 
of  Philadelphia,  addressed  the  members  on  "  Cerebrin." 

The  forty-seventh  annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  West 
Jersey  Hotel,  May  9th,  with  Dr.  Howard  F.  Palm  in  the  chair. 
The  society  numbered  at  this  time  fifty-six  members.  Dr.  John 
R.  Stevenson  presented  the  historical  record  for  the  year ;, 
Dr.  Daniel  Strock  read  the  annual  report  and  gave  a  brief  r&sume 
of  the  prevailing  diseases  and  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm  delivered  the 
annual  address.  Dr.  Augustus  T.  Dobson  was  elected  presi- 
dent;  Dr.  Henry  H.  Sherk,  vice-president;  Dr.  Benjamin  S. 
Lewis,  secretary;  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson,  treasurer;  Dr.  John 
R.  Stevenson,  historian ;  Dr.  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  senior  censor, 
and  Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  chairman  of  the  standing  committee. 
The  usual  delegates  to  the  State  Medical  and  corresponding 
societies  were  appointed .  Dr.  J.  Orlando  White  resigned  from 
the  society,  because  of  discontinuing  the  practice  of  medicine. 

The  November  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  at  the 
rooms  of  the  Camden  City  Medical  Society  on  the  14th  instant, 
with  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk,  vice-president,  in  the  chair.  The  society 
officially  inspected  The  Cooper  Hospital,  by  invitation  of  its 
Board  of  Managers  and  Attending  Staff,  and  were  entertained 
at  a  lunch.  Upon  re-assembling,  the  following  papers  were 
presented  through  their  respective  sections:  "The  Antisepsis 
of  Midwifery,"  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer;  "Salpingitis,"  by 
Dr.  Alexander  McAlister;  "  The  Treatment  of  Diphtheria,"  by 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.Godfrey;  "Tetanus,"  by  Dr.  Daniel  Strock; 
"Amputations,"  by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross;  "Compound  Fractures  of 
the  Skull,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson, 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Censors,  presented  the  resignation  of 
Dr.  A.  T.  Dobson  from  the  presidency  of  the  society,  and 
Doctors  -S.  G.  Bushey,  J.  F.  Stock  and  Wilson  Gill  Bailey 
.  were  elected  members. 

[1894.]  The  February  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  in 
the  rooms  of  the  Camden  City  Medical   Society,  on   the  13th 

16 


242  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

instant,  with  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk  in  the  chair.  Dr.  H.  Augustus 
Wilson,  of  Philadelphia,  read  a  paper  entitled  "Can  a  Physician 
Honorably  Accept  the  Commissions  Frequently  Offered  by 
Orthopaedic-Instrument  Manufacturers?"  which  was  pointedly 
discussed.  Dr.  Frederick  W.  Marcy,  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity7 of  Pennsylvania,  1891,  and  ex-resident  physician  of  The 
Cooper  Hospital,  and  Dr.  Ahab  H.  Lippincott  were  elected 
members. 

The  forty-eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
May  8th,  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk  presiding.  The  membership  of  the 
society  included  sixty-three  physicians,  and  among  the  corre- 
sponding delegates  were  Doctors  Franklin  Gauntt,  of  Burling- 
ton ;  George  E.  Reading,  of  Woodbury ;  James  Hunter,  of 
Westville;  L.  M.  Halsey,  of  Williamstown,  and  H.  A.  Stout, 
of  Wenonah.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  presented  the  historian's 
report,  and  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  the  annual  report,  in  which  an 
exhaustive  review  of  the  diseases  incident  to  the  past  year  was 
made,  and  the  therapeutic  virtues  of  a  number  of  new  remedies 
were  considered.  Dr.  Strock  submitted  reports  of  medical 
cases  from  Doctors  Taylor,  Ridge,  Davis,  Mecray,  Baer, 
McAlister,  Braymer,  Palm,  Gross,  Bailey  and  Godfrey,  of 
Camden ;  Doctors  Stevenson  and  Jennings,  of  Haddonfield ; 
Dr.  Hurff,  of  Blackwood,  and  Dr.  Blake,  of  Gloucester  City, 
and  the  following  list  of  surgical  operations :  Laparotomy  for 
plastic  peritonitis,  and  amputation  of  the  thigh,  by  Dr.  Gross ; 
five  coeliotomies  for  tubo-ovarian  disease,  by  Dr.  Baer;  vaginal 
hysterectomy,  by  Drs.  Goodell  and  Mecray ;  three  abdominal 
sections,  by  Dr.  McAlister;  removal  of  a  goitre,  by  Dr.  Bailey; 
three  cases  of  compound  fracture  of  the  skull,  with  recovery, 
by  Dr.  Wills ;  suprapubic  cystotomy,  litholapaxy,  amputation 
of  thigh,  by  Dr.  Strock ;  hysterectomy,  by  Dr.  Godfrey.  Ever 
since  the  annual  meeting  was  held,  in  1891,  at  Westville 
(beyond  the  county  limits),  exception  had  been  taken  to  its 
legality,  and,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  correctness  of  this, 
the  opinion  of  Judge  David  J.  Pancoast  was  obtained,  which 
was  "that  the  business  meetings  of  the  society  cannot  be 
held  lawfully  outside  of  the  county."  The  following  officers 
were    elected :     President,    Dr.   H.    H.   Sherk ;    vice-president, 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey.  243 

Dr.  Alexander  McAlister;  secretary,  Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Lewis; 
treasurer,  Dr.  John  G.  Doron ;  historian,  Dr.  John  R.  Steven- 
son ;  chairman  of  the  standing  committee,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  ; 
senior  censor,  Dr.  H.  E.  Branin.  The  usual  delegates  were 
appointed. 

The  November  meeting  of  the  society  was  held  on  the 
13th,  with  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk  in  the  chair  and  Doctors  Thomas  J. 
Smith,  of  Bridgeton,  Levi  B.  Hirst,  Joseph  L.  Nicholson, 
William  H.  Pratt,  Paul  Mecray,  Milton  Osmun  and  G.  E.  Kirk, 
of  Camden,  present  as  visiting  members.  Doctors  Edward 
Phelan,  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger  and  E.  E.  De  Grofft  were  elected 
members.  The  following  papers  were  read:  "A  Case  of 
Prolapse  of  the  Laryngeal  Ventricle,"  by  Dr.  William  S. 
Jones;  "A  Case  of  Strontium  Poisoning,"  by  Dr.  H.  H. 
Sherk;  "Scarlet  Fever,"  by  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Hurff;  "Epithe- 
lioma," by  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister;  "Gunshot  Wounds  of 
the  Intestines,"  by  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross;  "Fracture  of  the  Skull," 
by  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills;  "The  Pathology  of  Insanity,"  by 
Dr.  J.  M.  Ridge;  "Antiseptic  Properties  of  Creolin,"  by 
Dr.  George  T.  Robinson;  "Eclampsia,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Ireland, 
and  "Obstetrical  Blunders,"  by  Dr.  H.  F.  Palm. 

Section  IV. — The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey. 

[1890.]  The  one  hundred  and  twenty-fourth  annual 
meeting  of  the  society  convened  at  the  Heath  House, 
Schooley's  Mountain,  June  10,  1890,  with  Dr.  B.  A.  Watson, 
of  Jersey  City,  in  the  chair.  A  summary  of  the  membership 
of  the  district  societies  of  New  Jersey,  for  the  last  two 
decades,  showed  three  hundred  and  fifty-three  members 
in  1870,  four  hundred  and  ninety-nine  in  1880,  and  six 
hundred  and  seventy-six  in  1890.  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  the 
appointed  essayist,  read  a  paper  on  "Endometritis,"  and 
considered  the  acute  and  chronic  forms  of  the  disease,  as  it 
affects  either  or  both  the  neck  and  body  of  the  uterus,  and 
outlined  the  treatment.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  presented  a 
report  of  the  convention  for  the  revision  of  the  United  States 
Pharmacopoeia,   held   at  Washington,    D.   C,    May    6th,    and 


244  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

stated,  in  substance,  that  strong  influences  from  wholesale 
drug-houses  were  brought  to  bear  on  delegates  to  favor  certain 
specialties,  but  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  1890  would  be  in  advance 
of  that  of  1880.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  presented  the  report  of 
the  committee  on  the  Fellows'  Prize  Essay.  The  Camden 
District  Medical  Society  was  represented  by  Doctors  W.  H. 
Iszard,  D.  Benjamin,  O.  B.  Gross,  W.  A.  Davis,  E.  P. 
Townsend  and  E.  E-  B.  Godfrey.  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  standing  committee,  being  the  fourth 
delegate  from  Camden  county  to  hold  this  position.  The 
standing  committee  was  first  instituted  in  1820.  Doctors 
Isaac  S.  Mulford,  Richard  M.  Cooper  and  Bowman  Hendry 
constituted  the  committee  in  1854,  aim  ^r-  R-  M.  Cooper  served 
as  a  member  in  1856  and  1857.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was 
made  a  member  of  the  business  committee  and  of  the  committee 
on  honorary  membership  ;  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy  and  O.  B. 
Gross  were  appointed  delegates  to  the  Pennsylvania  Medical 
Society ;  Dr.  W.  A.  Davis  was  appointed  to  the  Delaware  State 
Medical  Society  ;  Dr.  D.  Benjamin,  to  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  a  member  of  the 
committee  of  arrangements. 

[189 1.]  The  one  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Eong  Branch,  June  23d.  Dr.  E.  J.  Ill,  of 
Newark,  read  a  paper  entitled  "An  Attempt  to  Show  what 
New  Jersey  Surgeons  have  Done  in  Abdominal  Surgery."  He 
reported  one  hundred  cases  of  abdominal  section  in  his  own 
practice  and  referred  to  similar  operations  performed  by 
Doctors  Benjamin,  Gross,  Strock,  McAlister,  Ireland,  Palm, 
Taylor,  Donges  and  Godfrey.  The  by-laws  of  the  society  were 
amended  to  provide  for  the  election  of  permanent  delegates  by 
district  societies,  one  for  each  thirty  members,  once  in  three 
years,  provided  that  each  permanent  delegate  shall  have  been 
a  member  of  a  district  society  for  five  years,  and  in  good 
standing.  Doctors  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  Daniel  Strock,  H.  E. 
Branin,  D.  Benjamin,  Alexander  McAlister  and  D.  W.  Blake 
comprised  the  Camden  delegation.  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  was 
re-elected  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  ;  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  a  member  of  the  honorary  committee ;  Dr.   E.   E.   B. 


The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey .  245 

Godfrey  was  elected  a  member  of  the  committee  on  Fellows' 
Prize  Essay,  and,  with  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake,  a  member  of  the 
committee  of  arrangements  for  the  next  meeting. 

[1892.]  The  one  hundred  and  twenty-sixth  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Atlantic  City,  June  28th,  with  Dr.  E.  J. 
Marsh  in  the  chair.  The  meeting  was  of  unusual  interest 
because  of  the  large  number  of  delegates  and  visiting  physicians 
present.  The  committee  of  arrangements,  appointed  at  the 
preceding  meeting,  were  empowered  to  add  to  their  number, 
and  the  following  physicians  comprised  the  committee : 
Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin,  W.  A.  Davis  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey, 
of  Camden  ;  Boardman  Reed,  T.  B.  Thompson  and  W.  M. 
Pollard,  of  Atlantic  City  ;  D.  W.  Blake,  of  Gloucester  City, 
and  Joseph  C.  Marshall,  of  Tuckahoe.  Dr.  Godfrey  was 
elected  chairman.  A  special,  complimentary  train,  over  the 
Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  City  railroad,  from  Camden  to 
Atlantic  City  and  return,  was  tendered  to  the  committee 
of  arrangements  for  the  delegates  and  invited  guests  ;  a 
special,  complimentary  train,  over  the  Camden  and  Atlantic 
City  railroad,  from  Atlantic  City  to  Longport  and  return, 
was  tendered  by  Mr.  A.  O.  Dayton,  and  free  yacht  excur- 
sions on  the  ocean  were  given  by  Colonel  John  E.  Mehr. 
Doctors  W.  H.  Ireland,  George  T.  Robinson,  P.  W.  Beale, 
H.  F.  Palm  and  W.  H.  Iszard  comprised  the  Camden  delegates ; 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  present  as  a  Fellow ;  Dr.  E.  P. 
Townsend,  as  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  ;  Doctors 
James  M.  Ridge  and  Alexander  Marcy  attended  as  permanent 
delegates,  and  Doctors  D.  Benjamin,  W.  A.  Davis,  D.  W. 
Blake  and  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey,  as  members  of  the  committee  of 
arrangements.  The  society  was  welcomed  in  addresses  by 
Dr.  Willard  Wright,  Mayor  of  Atlantic  City  ;  Dr.  Boardman 
Reed  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey.  A  number  of  important 
papers  were  read.  Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  was  re-elected  a 
member  of  the  standing  committee;  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  Society ;  Dr.  H. 
Genet  Taylor,  to  the  Rhode  Island  Society;  Dr.  W.  H.  Osmun, 
to  the  American  Medical  Society,  and  Dr.  E.  E.  B.  Godfrey 
was   elected    corresponding   secretary    of    the    society.     This 


246  History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  County. 

position  was  instituted  in  1807,  and  Dr.  Godfrey  was  the  first 
physician  from  Camden  county  to  hold  the  office. 

[1893.]  The  one  hundred  and  twenty-seventh  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Asbury  Park  with  president  George  T. 
Welch  in  the  chair.  Doctors  W.  H.  Ireland,  H.  H.  Sherk, 
Joel  W.  Fithian,  W.  H.  Iszard,  William  Kensinger  and 
D.  Benjamin  were  reported  as  the  delegate  representatives  from 
Camden.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  present  as  a  Fellow  ; 
Dr.  Daniel  Strock,  as  a  reporter ;  Doctors  Alexander  Marcy 
and  J.  M.  Ridge  attended  as  permanent  delegates  and  Dr.  E.  L. 
B. '  Godfrey  as  corresponding  secretary.  Dr.  D.  Benjamin,  in 
discussing  the  report  of  the  standing  committee,  said,  in 
substance,  that  typhoid  fever  had  become  milder  in  character 
since  the  adoption  of  intestinal  antiseptics  as  the  basis  of  treat- 
ment, and  that  during  the  past  two  years  the  mortality  from 
the  fever  had  been  reduced  to  two  per  cent,  in  The  Cooper 
Hospital.  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  veterinary  surgeon  of  Camden, 
discussed  the  subject  of  bovine  and  human  tuberculosis ; 
expressed  his  belief  in  their  relationship  and  advocated  the 
necessity  of  the  inspection  of  dairy  herds  by  veterinarians. 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  was  re-elected  corresponding  secretary; 
Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  was  elected  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee,  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Townsend ;  Dr.  Alexander 
McAlister  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  American  Medical 
Association  and  Doctors  Daniel  Strock  and  E.  L-  B.  Godfrey 
were  appointed  by  the  president  to  represent,  with  others,  the 
society  in  the  Pan-American  Medical  Congress. 

[1894.]  The  one  hundred  and  twenty-eighth  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Hotel  Breslin,  Lake  Hopatcong,  June 
26th,  with  Dr.  John  G.  Ryerson  in  the  chair.  Doctors  William 
B.  Jennings,  B.  S.  Lewis,  D.  W.  Blake,  Alexander  McAlister, 
D.  Benjamin,  John  W.  Marcy  and  Joseph  W.  Hurff  were 
recorded  as  delegates  ;  James  M.  Ridge  and  Alexander  Marcy 
as  permanent  delegates;  Daniel  Strock  as  reporter  from 
Camden  county  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  as  corresponding 
secretary.  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard  was  re-elected  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  as  corre- 
sponding secretary  and  a  member  of  the  business  committee  ; 


New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association .  247 

Dr.  Alexander  McAlister  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  American 
Medical  Association;  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer,  to  the  New  Jersey 
Pharmaceutical  Society;  Doctors  D.  W.  Blake  and  W.  H. 
Ireland  were  elected  delegates  to  the  Pennsylvania  Medical 
Society,  and  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis  was  made  a  member  of  the 
committee  of  arrangements.  Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson  pre- 
sented a  paper  on  "La  Grippe  in  Haddonfield." 

Section  V. — New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association. 

[1890.]  The  sixteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  at  Trenton,  December  12th,  with  Colonel  George  P. 
Olcutt  in  the  chair.  Important  papers  were  read  by  Colonel 
George  E.  Waring,  Dr.  E.  M.  Hunt,  Prof.  J.  C.  Smock  and 
others.  James  Owen,  C.E.,  presented  a  paper  on  "The  Death- 
rate  of  Different  Localities  in  New  Jersey"  and  stated  that 
the  death-rate  throughout  New  Jersey  depended  more  upon  the 
conditions  under  which  populations  live  than  on  the  location 
of  their  territory.  In  quoting  the  death-rate  of  sixteen  cities, 
he  placed  that  of  Camden  at  19.4.  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey 
discussed  by  appointment  a  paper  on  "Gymnastics,  Past  and 
Present,"  presented  by  Prof.  C.  H.  Raymond,  of  Lawrence- 
ville,  and  discountenanced  the  old  system  of  physical  training, 
claiming  that  it  is  not  muscular  hardness  but  muscular  adapta- 
bility and  pliability  that  is  most  to  be  desired.  Dr.  Godfrey 
was  elected  first  vice-president  of  the  association. 

[189 1.]  The  seventeenth  annual  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion was  held  at  Trenton,  December  5th.  Important  papers 
were  read  by  a  number  of  sanitarians.  Dr.  Daniel  Strock 
discussed  the  question  of  tuberculosis;  advocated  its  commu- 
nicability  and  the  necessity  of  teaching  the  public  this  fact. 
Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  read  a  paper  on  "The  Removal  and 
Disposal  of  Garbage."  Dr.  Godfrey  was  elected  president  and 
Dr.  Strock  and  Richard  H.  Reeve  of  Camden  were  elected 
members  of  the  executive  council. 

[1892.]  The  eighteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion convened  at  the  Laurel  House,  Lakewood,  December  9th, 
with  the  president,  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  in  the  chair.     The 


248  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

attendance  was  unusually  large  and  twenty  new  members  were 
enrolled.  Among  those  present  were  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
D.  Benjamin,  Daniel  Strock,  W.  A.  Davis,  Henry  F.  Hunt,  B. 
S.  Lewis,  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  and  A.  T.  Sellers,  and  Messrs. 
Richard  H.  Reeve  and  Henry  B.  Francis,  of  Camden,  and 
Arnold  H.  Moses,  of  Merchantville.  Dr.  E.  0.  Shakespeare, 
Port  Physician  of  Philadelphia ;  Dr.  Joseph  F.  Edwards,  of  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Board  of  Health  ;  Dr.  William  B.  Atkinson, 
secretary  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  Dr.  Peter 
D.  Keyser,  of  the  Philadelphia  Board  of  Health  were  present 
by  invitation  of  the  president.  Among  the  papers  read  were 
"Architecture  in  Relation  to  Sanitation,"  by  Arnold  H.  Moses, 
and  "The  Cause  and  Prevention  of  Diphtheria,"  by  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock.  Dr.  Strock  reviewed  the  efforts  of  Pasteur,  Klebs 
and  Lceffler,  and  the  laws  governing  the  propagation  and 
growth  of  the  bacillus  of  diphtheria,  and  discussed  its  pre- 
vention and  treatment  from  the  stand-point  of  its  bacillary 
origin ;  Doctors  Benjamin  and  Miller  discussed  "  Sanitary 
Milk-control"  and  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis  and  Mr.  Henry  B.  Francis 
spoke  on  the  subjects  of  plumbing  and  drainage.  Dr.  Godfrey 
delivered  an  address  on  "The  Progress  of  Sanitation  in  New 
Jersey"  and  reviewed  the  sanitary  Acts  of  1799  and  181 2  ; 
the  work  of  the  State  Sanitary  Commission  of  1866;  the 
Public  Health  Commission  of  1874;  the  organization  of  the 
New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association  in  1875,  and  the  establish- 
ment of  the  State  Board  of  Health  in  1877.  Dr.  Daniel 
Strock  was  re-elected  a  member  of  the  executive  council  and 
Dr.  Godfrey  was  made  an  honorary  member  of  the  council. 

[1893.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held 
at  Lakewood.  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  and  Henry  B.  Francis  were 
present  from  Camden  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  pro- 
ceedings. 

[1894.]  The  twentieth  annual  meeting  convened  at 
Trenton,  December  8th.  with  Dr.  A.  B.  Pollard  in  the  chair. 
Mr.  Henry  B.  Francis  discussed  the  ventilation  of  school- 
houses  and  of  public  sewers  and  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  spoke 
concerning  special  legislation  for  the  prevention  of  the  spread 
of  consumption.     Dr.    Daniel    Strock    was   elected    recording 


New  Jersey  State  and  Local  Boards  of  Health.  249 

secretary  of  the  society  and  Mr.  Henry  B.  Francis  was  made  a 
member  of  the  executive  council. 


Section  VI. — New  Jersey  State  and  Local  Boards  of 

Health. 

[1890.]  The  chief  objects  for  which  the  State  Board  of 
Health  has  labored,  since  its  establishment  in  1877,  are  the 
centralization  of  information  relating  to  the  public  health  and 
its  diffusion  among  local  authorities  to  enable  them  to  render 
effective  sanitary  service.  This  has  been  accomplished  by 
means  of  its  annual  reports,  its  inspectors'  guide,  its  public 
circulars,  its  printed  inquiries  to  local  boards  and  its  publi- 
cation of  the  vital  statistics  of  the  State.  In  October  of  each 
year,  the  board  transmits  a  printed  schedule  of  inquiries  to  local 
boards  of  health,  in  the  various  townships  and  cities  of  the 
State,  relating  to  health  matters,  which,  under  the  law,  must 
be  annually  reported.  With  the  work  of  these  boards  and 
their  reports,  the  physicians  of  the  county  have  been  closely 
connected.  The  report  from  Camden  for  this  year,  made  by 
Eugene  B.  Roberts,  health  inspector,  considered  the  subjects  of 
water-supply,  diseases  of  animals  and  slaughter-houses,  and 
stated  that  typhoid  fever,  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria  were  the 
most  prevalent  diseases  of  the  year.  The  following  officers  and 
members  comprised  the  Camden  board  :  George  F.  Hammond, 
president ;  T.  P.  Varney,  secretary  ;  H.  M.  Snyder,  solicitor ;. 
Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner,  medical  inspector ;  and  Herman  W.  Miller, 
Dr.  John  W.  Donges,  Charles  Watson,  Dr.  George  R.  Fortiner 
and  Frank  B.  Delaplaine. 

[189 1.]  In  1 89 1,  the  same  officers  and  members  comprised 
the  Camden  board,  except  that  Frank  H.  Burdsall  succeeded 
T.  P.  Varney,  and  M.  F.  Ivins  was  elected  treasurer.  The 
water-supply,  sewage,  school-houses  and  general  inspection  of 
the  city  were  reported,  with  the  statement  that  six  hundred 
cases  of  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria  occurred  in  the  city  duiing 
the  year. 

[1892.]  In  1892,  Frank  H.  Burdsall  served  as  president 
of  the  board ;  T.  P.  Varney,  secretary ;  M.  F.  Ivins,  treasurer  ;. 


250  History  Medical  Professio?i  Camden  Comity. 

Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner,  medical  inspector;  and  H.  B.  Francis, 
plumbing  inspector.  Allen  C.  Wood,  George  F.  Hammond, 
Charles  Watson,  Dr.  William  S.  Moslander,  Dr.  Benjamin  S. 
Lewis  and  Dr.  George  R.  Fortiner  served  as  members. 
Considerable  progress  was  made  in  municipal  sanitation.  The 
office  of  nuisance  inspector  was  created,  and  effective  work 
was  accomplished  by  the  medical,  plumbing  and  nuisance 
inspectors.  The  city  was  reported  to  have  thirty-seven  miles 
of  sewers,  nineteen  school-houses,  one  hospital,  two  dispensaries, 
two  homes  for  friendless  children  and  five  cemeteries.  A  total 
of  eight  hundred  and  sixty-two  cases  of  typhoid  fever,  scarlet 
fever  and  diphtheria  was  reported. 

[1893.]  In  1893,  Dr.  George  R.  Fortiner  served  as 
president  of  the  board,  with  George  F.  Hammond,  Charles 
Watson,  Frank  H.  Burdsall,  Allen  C.  Wood,  Dr.  William  S. 
Moslander  and  Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Lewis  as  members,  and  Dr. 
John  D.  Leckner  as  medical  inspector.  An  elaborate  report  to 
the  State  Board  was  made  for  the  year,  including  six  hundred 
and  seventy-three  cases  of  contagious  disease,  two  hundred  and 
twenty-two  of  which  were  typhoid  fever,  one  hundred  and 
thirty-six  were  scarlet  fever  and  three  hundred  and  fifteen 
diphtheria. 

[1894.]  In  1894,  Dr.  William  S.  Moslander  was  elected 
president,  with  Charles  Watson,  Allen  C.  Wood,  George  F. 
Hammond,  Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Lewis,  Dr.  William  Shafer  and 
Dr.  M.  F.  Middleton  as  members ;  Dr.  John  D.  Leckner, 
medical  inspector,  and  H.  B.  Francis,  plumbing  inspector. 
The  number  of  inspectors  was  increased  by  the  additional 
appointment  of  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller  as  inspector  for  meat  and 
food. 

[1895.]  In  1895,  Dr.  William  S.  Moslander  was 
re-appointed  a  member  of  the  board  by  Mayor  J.  Leighton 
Westcott  and  Dr.  S.  G.  Bushey  was  appointed  in  the  place 
of  Dr.  William  Shafer. 

[i890-'95.]  The  Gloucester  City  Board  of  Health  for 
1890  comprised  the  following  members  :  Doctors  J.  A.  Walms- 
ley  and  D.  W.  Blake,  Messrs.  H.  M.  Horley,  E.  J.  Steer, 
Patrick  Mealey,  W.  A.  Ginz  and  D.  F.  Lane,  and  Dr.  J.   K. 


New  Jersey  State  a?id  Local  Boards  of  Health.  25  1 

Bennett,  inspector.  Improvements  in  the  water-supply  made 
by  driving  four  artesian  wells,  and  the  expenditure  of  $20,000 
on  sewers  and  inlets  lessened  in  a  marked  degree  the  malaria 
in  the  city.  In  1891,  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake  was  elected  president  ; 
D.  F.  Lane,  secretary,  and  Dr.  J.  K.  Bennett,  inspector.  In 
1892,  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake  served  as  a  member  of  the  board  with 
Dr.  John  J.  Haley,  inspector.  Extensive  improvements  were 
made  in  drainage  and  the  whole  city  was  inspected  by  order  of 
the  board.  In  1893,  John  W.  Warner  was  elected  president 
of  the  board  ;  Dr.  John  J.  Haley,  inspector,  and  Dr.  D.  W. 
Blake  served  as  a  member.  Ten  artesian  wells  were  driven, 
from  seventy-five  to  two  hundred  feet  in  depth,  and  the 
general  health  of  the  city  was  improved.  In  1894,  John  W. 
Warner  served  as  president ;  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake,  as  chairman  of 
the  sanitary  committee,  and  Dr.  John  J.  Haley,  as  inspector. 
"The  water-supply  from  artesian  wells  proved  an  important 
factor  in  the  health  of  the  city. 

[1891-95.]  The  Haddonfield  Board  of  Health  was  organ- 
ized in  1 89 1.  At  this  time  there  were  no  physicians  on  the 
board.  In  1893,  George  D.  Stewart  was  elected  president; 
Dr.  John  R.  Stevenson,  secretary,  and  Dr.  William  B.  Jennings, 
inspector.  Dr.  Stevenson  made  an  exhaustive  report  to  the 
State  Board  of  Health  on  the  location,  water-supply,  dwell- 
ings and  natural'  drainage  of  Haddonfield  and  of  the  con- 
tagious diseases.  In  1894,  Doctors  Stevenson  and  Jennings 
were  re-appointed  to  their  respective  positions. 

[1892-95.]  In  1892,  the  Merchantville  Board  of  Health 
was  reorganized  and  Doctors  D.  H.  Bartine  and  John  W. 
Marcy  were  made  members.  Merchantville  was  reported  to 
the  State  Board  as  being  located  on  a  ridge  of  sandy  soil, 
ninety-nine  feet  above  high-water  mark  and  one  mile  in  width, 
sloping  on  the  north  to  the  Delaware  river  and  on  the  south 
and  east  to  Cooper's  creek  valley.  In  1893,  Dr.  D.  W.  Bartine 
was  elected  president  and  Dr.  John  W.  Marcy,  medical 
inspector;  both  were  re-elected  in  1894. 

[1890-95.]  In  the  Boards  of  Health  for  Centre,  Dela- 
ware and  Haddon  townships,  Dr.  William  B.  Jennings,  of 
Haddonfield,  served  as  medical   inspector  for  the  period  from 


252  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

1890  to  1895  ;  in  the  Gloucester  township  board,  Dr.  Joseph  E. 
Hurff,  of  Blackwood,  served  as  a  member  during  the  same 
period;  in  the  Stockton  township  board,  Dr.  J.  A.  George 
served  as  a  member  in  1890,  Dr.  Jerome  Artz  in  1892  and  Dr. 
L.  Reese  in  1893.  In  the  Boards  of  Health  of  Waterford, 
Winslow  and  Pensaukin  townships,  no  physicians  served  as 
members  during  this  period. 

The  report  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Health  on 
the  vital  statistics  of  Camden  county  shows  the  average  death- 
rate  of  the  county  for  five  years  (July  1,  1888,  to  June  30, 
1893)  to  have  been  19.72  per  cent,  per  thousand  and  due  in  a 
great  measure  to  diarrhceal  diseases,  from  which  there  were 
thirteen  hundred  and  forty-seven  deaths;  to  consumption,. 
from  which  there  were  eleven  hundred  and  thirty-five  deaths  j 
diphtheria  and  croup,  six  hundred  and  seventy-three  deaths; 
typhoid  fever,  three  hundred  and  forty-two  deaths;  scarlet 
fever,  ninety-two  deaths,  and  remittent  fever,  fifty-seven  deaths, 
Diarrhceal  diseases  furnished  the  most  common  cause  of  death, 
especially  in  infants  and  children,  during  the  statistical  period 
mentioned.  This  was  due  to  high  atmospheric  temperature, 
absence  of  rain-fall,  impure  water  and  milk  supply,  adultera- 
tion of  food,  etc.  Consumption  stands  second  in  the  list  of  the 
death-causes  of  the  county.  It  is  the  most  prevalent  and  fatal 
malady  that  affects  mankind  and  causes  about  one-seventh  of 
the  deaths  in  the  State.  It  is  a  communicable  and  preventable 
disease,  conveyed  by  the  bacillus  tuberculosis,  first  demonstrated 
by  Koch,  of  Germany,  who  claimed  it  to  be  invariably  asso- 
ciated with  the  disease.  The  bacilli  are  discharged  from  the 
lungs  in  the  expectoration  and,  becoming  dry,  are  blown 
about  and  thus  reproduce  consumption  in  susceptible  subjects. 
All  tuberculous  discharge  should  be  destroyed  and,  in  this 
matter,  health  authorities  can  render  an  incalculable  service  by 
educating  the  public.  In  1890,  Koch  announced  the  dis- 
covery of  tuberculin  and  claimed  it  capable  of  curing  a  large 
percentage  of  consumption. 

Diphtheria  stands  third  in  the  list  and  should  engage  the 
attention  of  health  officers,  because  it  is  largely  spread  through 
the  medium  of  the  public  schools.     The  bacillus  diphtherise  is 


The  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners .  253 

not  infrequently  present  on  the  subject  after  the  recovery  from 
the  disease,  and,  hence,  domiciliary  quarantine,  cleanliness  and 
disinfection  should  be  rigidly  enforced.  Of  the  common  and 
often  fatal  prevalence  of  typhoid  fever,  which  stands  next  on 
the  list,  health  authorities  are  agreed.  It  ranks  among  the 
most  serious  of  prevailing  diseases,  especially  in  Camden.  The 
bacillus  of  Eberth  is  believed  to  be  its  causa  causans ,-  and, 
since  it  is  most  generally  diffused  by  excremental  filth  and  , 
carried  in  water,  the  appearance  of  the  fever  should  especially 
engage  the  attention  of  health  officers.  The  fever  bears  a  dis- 
tinctive relationship  to  polluted  water,  and  also  to  the  milk- 
supply  of  cities;  so  that  its  prevention  and  limitation  is  the 
duty  of  local  government.  Scarlet  fever  is  a  contagious  and, 
in  a  great  degree,  a  preventable  disease  and  calls  for  segre- 
gation and  isolation  of  cases  and  subsequent  disinfection  of  the 
premises  in  which  it  occurred.  Epidemics  not  infrequently 
arise  in  the  vicinity  of  slaughter-houses.  Remittent  fever  has 
markedly  diminished  in  prevalence  in  the  county  within  the 
last  twenty-five  years.  In  the  early  history  of  the  county,  the 
great  areas  of  wet  and  undrained  land,  and  the  exposure  of 
new  strata  of  soil  to  the  fermenting  influence  of  heat  and 
moisture,  made  it  one  of  the  chief  enemies  of  the  inhabitants. 
With  the  extended  and  continuous  cultivation  of  the  soil,  the 
disease  has  decreased  in  prevalence  and  has  become  more 
amenable  to  treatment. 

Section  VII. — The  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners. 

The  history  of  medical  legislation  in  New  Jersey  began  in 
1665,  when  the  Duke  of  York,  the  proprietor  of  the  province, 
promulgated  a  code  of  medical  laws,  known  as  the  "Duke's 
Laws,"  which  remained  in  force  until  1772.  During  this 
period  of  one  hundred  and  seven  years,  the  founding  of  Prince- 
ton College  in  1746,  the  first  president  of  which  was  Dr. 
Jonathan  Dickinson ;  the  outbreak  of  the  French  and  Indian 
war  in  1758;  the  establishment  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1765;  the  formation  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New 
Jersey  in    1766,    and    the    organization    of  a   medical    school 


254  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

in  New  York  in  1767  enlarged  the  opportunities  for  medical 
study  and  advanced  the  cause  of  medical  practice  and  legisla- 
tion within  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey.  In  1772,  through  the 
influence  of  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  the  Colonial 
Assembly  enacted  a  law  governing  the  practice  of  medicine, 
the  provisions  of  which  have  been  considered.  This  was  the 
second  law  enacted  in  New  Jersey  concerning  medical  practice 
and  it  expired  by  limitation  in  1777.  In  1775,  the  Revolution 
arrested  further  efforts  towards  medical  legislation,  but,  in 
1783,  the  society  secured  there-enactment  of  the  colonial  law 
of  1772.  This  law  remained  in  force  until  1816,  when  the 
society  was  re-incorporated  and  provisions  were  made  for 
examinations,  preliminary  to  medical  licensure,  by  censors 
of  the  State  Medical  Society,  instead  of  by  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  as  the  laws  of  1772  and  1783  provided. 

The  restraining  law  of  1816  remained  operative  until  the 
medical  enactments  of  185 1  and  1854,  because  of  which  the 
State  Medical  Society  voluntarily  surrendered  its  examining 
and  licensing  privileges,  in  1866.*  From  1866  to  1880,  no 
legal  restrictions  were  exercised  over  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  New  Jersey.  In  1880,  an  Act  governing  medical 
practice  was  passed  by  the  Legislature,  which  was  further 
supplemented  by  a  restraining  measure  in  1883^  But  this 
enactment  proved  worthless  to  prevent  the  registration  of 
fraudulent  diplomas  and  to  protect  the  public  and  the  medical 
profession  from  charlatans  and  quacks.  The  establishment  of 
a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  charged  with  the  exam- 
ining, licensing  and  registration  of  physicians,  became  a 
necessity. 

[1890.]  On  May  12,  1890,  "An  Act  to  regulate  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  to  license  physicians  and 
surgeons  and  to  punish  persons  violating  the  provisions  there- 
of" was  passed  by  the  Legislature  and  approved,  which  pro- 
vided for  the  appointment  by  the  Governor  of  "  five  old-school 
physicians,  three  homoeopathic  physicians  and  one  eclectic 
physician"  to  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Exam- 

*  Chapter  VI,  Section  I. 
t  Chapter  IX,  Section  VI. 


The  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners.  255 

iners.  The  powers  and  duties  of  the  board  were  denned  in  the 
Act,  which  went  into  effect  July  4,  1890.  The  board  organized 
September  7th;  elected  Dr.  William  L.  Newell,  of  Millville, 
president;  Dr.  W.  P.  Watson,  of  Jersey  City,  secretary,  and  Dr. 
A.  H.  Worthington,  of  Trenton,  treasurer,  and  formulated 
regulations  for  conducting  examinations.  The  first  examina- 
tions were  held  October  8,  1890,  and  between  that  and 
[189 1.]  the  corresponding  date  in  1891  one  hundred  and  one 
candidates  were  examined,  but  only  eighty-two  were 
licensed  to  practice  medicine  within  the  State.  In  com- 
parison with  previous  years,  the  number  of  registered  physi- 
cians within  the  State  was  greatly  diminished;  a  condition 
of  affairs  that  offered  food  for  reflection  for  the  medical  colleges 
of  adjoining  States.  The  board  also  secured  the  revocation  of 
the  charter  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  College  of  New  Jersey, 
located  at  Jersey  City.  Dr.  Rowland  I.  Haines,  of  Camden, 
was  licensed  by  the  board  during  the  year. 

[1892.]  During  the  fiscal  year  ending  October  12,  1892, 
the  board  examined  one  hundred  and  forty-three  candidates 
and  issued  one  hundred  and  eleven  licenses  to  practice  medi- 
cine within  the  State,  including  licenses  to  Doctors  Duncan 
W.  Blake,  Jr.,  of  Collingswood ;  Oscar  L.  Grumbrecht,  of 
Cramer  Hill,  and  Samuel  G.  Bushey,  Clarence  B.  Donges, 
Mary  Anna  Howell,  Grant  E.  Kirk,  Henry  A.  Lacey,  Ahab 
H.  Lippincott,  Edward  D.  Phelan,  George  H.  Richardson, 
Edward  A.  Y.  Schellenger  and  Charles  T.  Shinn,  of 
Camden.  On  March  28,  1892,  the  passage  of  an  "  Act  to 
regulate  the  practice  of  midwifery  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey" 
was  secured  by  the  board,  which  provided  for  the  examination, 
licensing  and  registration  of  midwives  and  placed  them  on  a 
professional  basis  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  board. 
Under  this  Act,  certificates  to  practice  midwifery  were  issued, 
during  the  year,  to  Elizabeth  Burns,  Margaret  Buttner,  Jane 
Countryman,  Mary  Gilmore,  Priscilla  Green,  Mary  A.  Gunby, 
Anna  E.  Jennings,  Cornelia  S.  Kaighn,  Elizabeth  Moseley, 
Susan  Sweeten  and  Theresa  Tokarska,  of  Camden.  Amend- 
ments to  the  medical  Act  of  1890  were  secured  which  exempted 
surgeons  of  the  United  States  Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Hos- 


256  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Cou?ity. 

pital  Service  ;  consulting  physicians  from  other  States  and 
internes  in  hospitals  and  asylums  within  the  State,  while 
acting  as  such,  from  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

[1893.]  During  the  fiscal  year  ending  October  nth,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  applicants  for  medical  license  were  examined 
and  certificates  to  practice  medicine  within  the  State  were 
issued  to  one  hundred  and  fifteen  physicians,  among  whom 
were  Doctors  Wilson  Gill  Bailey,  Lawrence  R.  Grier,  William 
W.  Kain,  William  I.  Kelchner,  William  W.  Knowlton,  Fred- 
erick W.  Marcy,  William  H.  Pratt,  William  H.  Slocum  and 
Wendell  P.  Wingender,  of  Camden,  and  Dr.  James  Winter 
Walmsley,  of  Gloucester  City.  Thirty  women  were  licensed  to 
practice  midwifery,  among  whom  was  Caroline  T.  Dougherty, 
of  Camden. 

[1894.]  Although  the  law  establishing  a  State  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners  had  advanced  the  standard  of  medical 
education  among  the  incoming  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession to  a  higher  grade  than  ever  before  attained,  and  though 
the  practice  of  midwifery  had  been  regulated  within  the  State, 
its  provisions  were  found  to  be  insufficient,  and,  in  con- 
sequence, the  board  secured  the  passage  of  a  new  law,  which 
was  approved  May  22,  1894,  that  still  further  advanced  its 
powers  and  privileges  and  the  common  interests  of  the  medical 
profession.  Its  provisions  became  operative  July  4th.  This 
law  provided  for  the  appointment,  by  the  Governor,  of  a  State 
Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  to  consist  of  nine  members 
of  recognized  professional  ability  and  honor,  including  "five 
old-school  physicians,  three  homoeopaths  and  one  eclectic"; 
empowered  the  board  to  elect  its  officers,  to  hold  meetings  at 
the  capitol  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  June  and  September  of 
each  year,  to  examine  applicants  for  the  practice  of  medicine 
within  the  State,  to  issue  certificates,  to  revoke  licenses  for 
cause  and  to  punish  unlawful  practitioners.  Doctors  Edwin 
de  Baun,  of  Passaic;  F.  B.  Lane,  of  East  Orange;  A.  H. 
Worthington,  of  Trenton ;  A.  K.  Baldwin,  of  Newark ;  E.  L. 
B.  Godfrey,  of  Camden ;  G.  F.  Wilbur,  of  ilsbury  Park ;  Win. 
L.  Newell,  of  Millville;  A.  Uebelacker,  of  Morristown,  and 
Wm.  Perry  Watson,  of  Jersey  City,  were  appointed  members  of 


The  Cooper  Hospital.  257 

the  board  by  Governor  George  T.  Werts.  Dr.  Godfrey  was 
made  examiner  in  obstetrics  and  gynaecology.  Requirements 
for  license  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery  within  the  State 
of  New  Jersey  and  rules  for  conducting  medical  examinations 
were  issued  by  the  board.  During  the  year  ending  July  3, 
1894,  one  hundred  and  thirty  candidates  were  examined  and 
one  hundred  and  ten  certificates  were  issued.  During  these  four 
years  of  the  existence  of  the  board,  five  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  candidates  were  examined  and  four  hundred  and  seventeen 
were  licensed  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery.  The  rejected 
applicants  comprised  18.81  per  cent,  in  1891,  24.47  per  cent,  in 
1892,  and  22  per  cent,  in  1893.  Among  those  licensed  during 
the  year  were  Doctors  Emerson  P.  McGeorge,  William  E.  Miller, 
Marcus  K.  Mines,  Milton  M.  Osmun,  Paul  M.  Mecray  and 
Levi  B.  Hirst,  of  Camden;  Dr.  George  W.  McKensie,  Jr., 
of  Haddonfield,  and  Dr.  Joseph  W.  Martindale,  of  Cramer 
Hill.      Mrs.    Betty  Stern  was  granted  a  license  as  a  midwife. 

Section  VIII. — The  Cooper  Hospital. 

[i890-'95.]  The  work  of  The  Cooper  Hospital  steadily 
increased  and  rendered  manifold  service  to  the  community  in 
the  period  under  consideration.  Situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  great  railroads  centering  in  Camden,  its  doors  have  swung 
widely  open  to  receive  accident  cases  from  any  part  of  the 
State,  and  most  of  those  occurring  between  Trenton  and  Cape 
May  have  found  help  and  comfort  within  its  wards.  Not  less 
attention  has  been  paid  to  those  seeking  relief  from  diseases 
of  a  strictly  medical  nature.  From  the  opening  of  the 
hospital,  August  11,  1887,  to  December  31,  1894,  two  thous- 
and, nine  hundred  and  twenty-seven  patients  were  treated 
within  its  wards,  and  sixteen  thousand,  nine  hundred  and  fifty- 
eight  within  its  out-patient  departments.  The  latter  patients 
made,  during  the  period,  thirty  thousand,  six  hundred  and 
thirty-two  visits.  There  were  five  hundred  and  eight  surgical 
operations  performed,  including  one  hundred  and  seventy-two 
amputations,  also  laparotomies  for  Caesarian  section,  hysterec- 
tomy, extra-uterine  pregnancy,  ovarian  tumors,  abscess,  intes- 
tinal adhesions,  stab  wounds  of  the  abdomen,  chronic  periton- 

17 


258  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

itis,  carcinoma,  appendicitis,  gun-shot  wounds  of  the  abdomen  y 
cystic  ovaries,  hernia,  pyosalpinx  and  atresia  of  the  rectum. 
Neurectomy,  lithotomy,  internal  urethrotomy,  resection  of  the 
lower  jaw  and  a  great  variety  of  major  operations  should  be 
added  to  the  list. 

Since  the  dedication  of  the  hospital,,  a  number  of  changes 
have  taken  place  in  the  Board  of  Managers  and  in  the  attend- 
ing and  resident  staff.  Of  the  Board  of  Managers,  William  B. 
Cooper,  Joseph  B.  Cooper,  John  W.  Wright  and  Alexander 
Cooper  have  died.  Both  William  B.  and  Joseph  B.  Cooper 
served  on  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Camden  City  Dispen- 
sary, as  well  as  that  of  the  hospital,  and  contributed  to  the 
success  of  each  by  their  active  interest  and  generous  donations. 
John  W.  Wright,  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper,  was 
the  first  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  institution  and  gave 
so  much  of  his  time  and  money  to  its  establishment  that  his 
name  has  been  perpetuated  upon  an  enduring  tablet  placed 
within  the  room  of  the  managers*  Alexander  Cooper,  a 
brother  of  the  founders  of  the  great  charity,  was  its  first 
president.  From  the  incorporation  of  the  hospital,  he  took 
the  heartiest  interest  in  its  welfare  andT  at  his  death  (1893), 
supplemented  his  former  munificence  by  a  generous  legacy. 
Harry  Genet  Taylor,  Jr.,  and  Richard  Cooper  Taylor,  sons  of 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  are  grandsons  of  Alexander  Cooper.  The 
present  Board  of  Managers  consists  of  the  following  gentlemen  : 
President,  Augustus  Reeve ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Richard 
H.  Reeve ;  managers,  Peter  L.  Voorhees,  Rudolphus  Bingham,, 
David  M.  Chambers,  Alexander  C.  Wood,  Peter  V.  Voorhees, 
Richard  M.  Cooper  and  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor. 

A  number  of  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  attending 
staff  since  their  appointment  in  1887  (Chapter  X,  Section  IX). 
In  June,  1889,  Dr.  J.  F.  Walsh  resigned  from  the  surgical  staff 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  ;  in  September  of  the 
same  year,  Dr.  D.  P.  Pancoast  resigned  from  the  medical  staff 
and  was  succeeded,  in  October,  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  trans- 
ferred from  the  surgical  staff;  in  February,  1890,  Dr.  Joseph 
H.  Wills,  pathologist,  was  appointed  to  the  surgical  vacancy 
and  Dr.    George  T.   Robinson  was  appointed  pathologist ;  in 


The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses.  259 

June,  1894,  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  resigned  from  the  surgical 
staff  and  was  appointed  obstetrician  to  the  hospital.  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Joseph  L.  Nicholson.  Near  the 
close  of  the  year,  Dr.  William  R.  Powell  was  appointed  ophthal- 
mologist to  the  hospital.  The  attending  staff  is  as  follows : 
Physicians,  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Alexander  M.  Mecray,  William 
A.  Davis  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  ;  surgeons,  Onan  B.  Gross, 
Daniel  Strock,  Joseph  H.  Wills  and  Joseph  L,.  Nicholson  ; 
obstetrician,  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin ;  ophthalmologist,  Dr. 
William  R.  Powell  ;  pathologist,  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson.* 
Dr.  Paul  M.  Mecray  has  since  succeeded  Dr.  Robinson,  as  pathol- 
ogist. 

The  following  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  resident 
staff  of  the  hospital  :  Dr.  Harry  Jarrett  was  appointed  resident 
physician  in  1887  ;  Doctors  Harry  Jarrett  and  B.  W.  Macfar- 
land  were  appointed  resident  physicians  in  1888;  Doctors 
William  Martin  and  S.  F.  Ashcraft,  in  1889  ;  Doctors  Joseph 
L,.  Nicholson  and  Morris  B.  Miller,  in  1890;  Doctors  A.  H. 
Scofield  and  F.  W.  Marcy,  in  1891  ;  Doctors  E.  A.  Y.  Schell- 
enger  and  Paul  M.  Mecray,  in  1892  ;  Doctors  Paul  M.  Mecray 
and  J.  K.  F.  Stites,  in  1893,  and  Doctors  J.  R.  Noel  and  J„ 
Winter  Walmsley,  in  1894.  In  1890,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Wilson, 
appointed  matron  at  the  opening  of  the  hospital,  was  succeeded 
by  Thomas  Waring  as  superintendent  and  Anna  Waring  as 
matron,  and  Miss  Rachel  Bourke  was  appointed  chief  nurse  of 
the  hospital  and  superintendent  of  its  training  school  for 
nurses. 

Section  IX. — The  New  Jersey  Training   School   For 

Nurses. 

[1889-90.]  Recognizing  the  necessity  for  trained  and 
skillful  nurses  to  execute  with  loyalty  and  obedience  the  direc- 
tions of  the  physician  in  the  sick-room,  the  attending  staff  of 
The  Cooper  Hospital  resolved  to  supply  this  deficiency  by 
organizing  a  training  school  for  nurses.  On  September  7, 
1889,  the  Camden  Training  School  for  Nurses,  which  subse- 
quently became  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses, 

*  Deceased. 


260  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

was  organized  at  The  Cooper  Hospital,  under  the  care  of  its 
attending-  staff,  and  was  chartered  during  the  following  month. 
Since  then,  the  system  of  nursing  has  been  revolutionized  in 
West  Jersey ;  the  monthly  nurse  has  been  relegated  to  the 
past;  aseptic  and  antiseptic  methods  of  nurse  practice,  and 
what  to  observe  and  record  in  the  progress  of  disease,  have 
been  inculcated.  The  management  of  the  school  was  vested 
in  a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting  of  Doctors  H.  Genet  Taylor, 
Alexander  M.  Mecray,  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  Dowling  Benjamin, 
William  A.  Davis,  Onan  B.  Gross,  Daniel  Strock  and  Joseph 
H.  Wills.  Dr.  Taylor  was  elected  president;  Dr.  Mecray, 
vice-president  ;  Dr.  Strock,  secretary,  and  Dr.  Davis,  treasurer. 
A  course  of  didactic  and  clinical  instruction,  covering  the  fall 
and  spring  months  through  a  period  of  two  years,  was 
arranged  and  the  following  lecturers  were  appointed  :  Medical 
nursing,  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  ;  surgical  nursing,  Dr.  Dowling 
Benjamin  ;  obstetrical  nursing,  Dr.  William  A.  Davis ;  anatomy 
and  physiology,  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross ;  dietetics,  Dr.  Daniel  Strock, 
and  hygiene,  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills.  The  school  was  formally 
opened  at  The  Cooper  Hospital,  October  n,  1889,  with  intro- 
ductory addresses  by  Dr.  William  Pepper  and  the  president, 
Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor.  There  were  a  number  of  students  enrolled 
and  lectures  were  regularly  given  during  the  school  year.  On 
February  nth,  Dr.  George  T.  Robinson  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  faculty  and  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  lecturer  on 
general  nursing. 

[i8o,o-'9i.]  The  second  year  of  the  school  was  inaugu- 
rated, September  30th,  under  the  same  managers  and  faculty, 
and  with  twenty-three  matriculants.  Introductory  addresses 
were  made  by  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor,  Dr.  William  H.  Parrish, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  Rev.  J.  R.  Westwood,  of  Camden. 
Lectures  were  regularly  given  during  the  school  year.  On 
June  1st,  the  first  commencement  was  held  at  Morgan's  Hall, 
when  the  president  conferred  the  diploma  of  the  school  on  the 
following  graduates:  Lottie  M.  Evans,  Carrie  Haberstroh, 
Jessie  F.  Haberstroh,  Grace  E.  Powell,  Emma  M.  Richardson, 
K.  E.  S.  Waugh  and  Thomas  A.  J.  Williams,  of  Camden  ;  Mary 
E.  Ketchum,  of  Montclair,  N.  J.,  and  Rachel  C.  Wildman,  of 


The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses.  261 

Media,  Pa.     The  address  to  the  graduates  was  delivered  by  E.  L. 

B.  Godfrey,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  and  the  president's  prize,  consisting  of 
a  gold  cross,  lettered  with  the  name  of  the  recipient  and  the 
following  inscription,  "Presented  by  the  Camden  Training 
School  for  Nurses  for  Passing  the  Best  General  Examination," 
was  presented  to  Mrs.  Emma  M.  Richardson  by  Hon. 
Christopher  A.  Bergen,  M.  C,  with  honorable  mention  of  Mrs. 
Grace  E.  Powell  and  Miss  Lottie  M.  Evans. 

[i89i-'92.]  The  third  year  of  the  school  opened  with 
an  increased  number  of  matriculants  and  with  enlarged  oppor- 
tunities for  instruction  through  the  removal  of  the  classes  for 
didactic  teaching  to  the  lecture-room  in  the  new  building  of 
the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  where  the  first  lecture  was  given 
in  March.  Medical,  surgical  and  gynaecological  clinics  were 
continued  at  The  Cooper  Hospital.  On  May  18th,  the  lecture- 
ship on  general  nursing  was  abolished  and  Dr.  Robinson  was 
assigned  to  the  lectureship  on  physiology,  the  change  taking 
place  at  the  close  of  the  school  year.  The  second  annual 
commencement  was  held  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
June  6,  1892,  when  the  diploma  of  the  school  was  conferred 
on  Alliher  E.  Kimper,  Charlotte  A.  Ogden,  Catherine  Piatt, 
May  E.  Stebbins,  Ruth  Evans  Sheppard  and  Maggie  D.  Wrif- 
ford,  of  Camden ;    Laura  B.  Bunting,  of  New  York,  and  Lucy 

C.  Mann,  of  Philadelphia.  The  address  to  the  graduates  was 
delivered  by  Dowling  Benjamin,  M.D.,  and  the  president's 
prize  was  presented  to  Miss  May  E.  Stebbins  by  Judge  Charles 
G.  Garrison,  with  honorable  mention  of  Miss  Laura  B. 
Bunting. 

[i892-'93.]  The  fourth  year  of  the  school  was  inaug- 
urated in  October,  with  twenty-four  matriculants  and  with  an 
increased  curriculum  and  staff  of  instructors.  Miss  May  E. 
Stebbins  and  Miss  Ruth  E.  Sheppard  were  elected  demon- 
strators. Scarlet  and  white  were  adopted  as  the  colors  of  the 
school.  In  February,  1893,  a  legislative  Act  was  passed, 
empowering  any  training  school  for  nurses  in  New  Jersey  to 
confer  the  degree  of  Medical  and  Surgical  Nurse  (M.  S.  N.), 
provided  that  instruction  be  given  in  medical,  surgical  and 
obstetrical  nursing,  and  in  anatomy,  physiology,   dietetics  and 


262  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

hygiene.  Following  this  (March  30,  1893),  the  name  and  title 
of  the  school  was  changed  to  the  New  Jersey  Training  School 
for  Nurses ;  a  new  constitution  was  adopted ;  the  Board  of 
Managers  was  increased  to  fifteen  members  (nine  of  whom 
must  be  members  of  the  faculty),  and  the  teaching  force  was 
enlarged  by  the  election  of  five  instructors.  The  privilege  of 
holding  clinics  at  the  Camden  Count}-  Insane  Asylum,  and  at 
the  Camden  Home  for  Friendless  Children,  was  secured. 
Under  the  new  constitution,  which  provided  for  the  annual 
meeting  in  iVpril,  Gen.  William  J.  Sewell,  Hon.  Edward  Bettle, 
Hon.  Henry  B.  Wilson,  A.  G.  Dawson,  D.  D.,  Peter  V. 
Voorhees,  Esq.,  and  Rudolphus  Bingham  were  elected  additional 
managers ;  Dr.  William  R.  Powell  was  elected  instructor  in  the 
care  of  diseases  of  the  eye ;  Dr.  Orange  W.  Braymer,  in  surgical 
nursing;  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer,  in  gynaecological  nursing;  Dr.  H.  C. 
Branin,  in  nervous  diseases,  and  Dr.  J.  G.  Doron,  in  medical 
nursing.  The  officers  and  the  original  managers  were  re-elected 
and  the  curriculum  of  study  was  extended  from  the  first  week 
in  October  to  the  last  week  in  May.  The  third  annual  com- 
mencement of  the  school  was  held  in  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
June  6th,  when  the  diploma  of  the  school,  wTith  the  degree  of 
M.  S.  N.,  was  conferred  upon  Jennie  H.  Derousse,  Lillian  F. 
Patterson,  Clorinda  H.  Simmons  and  Naomi  B.  Watson,  of 
Camden ;  Carolyn  A.  Borden,  Florence  E.  Revell  and  Alicia 
B.  Thompson,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Margaret  W.  Satterthwaite, 
of  Crosswicks,  N.  J.  The  honorary  degree  of  M.  S.  N.  was 
conferred  on  Florence  Nightingale.  The  address  to  the  grad- 
uates was  delivered  by  William  A.  Davis,  M.D.,  and  the  presi- 
dent's prize  was  presented  by  Samuel  H.  Grey,  Esq.,  to  Margaret 
W.  Satterthwaite,  with  honorable  mention  of  Mrs.  Clorinda  H. 
Simmons.  The  degree  of  M.  S.  N.  was  also  conferred  on  all 
former  graduates. 

[1893-94.]  The  Training  School  increased  in  popular 
favor  and  many  improvements  were  made  during  the  year. 
Class-rooms  in  the  dispensary  were  leased;  a  free  maternity 
service  was  established  ;  extra  appliances  for  demonstration  pro- 
cured ;  the  curriculum  enlarged ;  the  number  of  instructors 
increased  and   quiz  classes  and  a  post-graduate   course  estab- 


The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses.  263 

lished.  The  introductory  lecture  was  given  by  Dr.  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  and  an  increased  number  of  pupils  was  enrolled. 
Lectures  were  regularly  given  and,  before  the  close  of  the 
year,  the  teaching  force  numbered  nineteen,  including,  besides 
those  previously  named,  Doctors  Eugene  E.  De  Grofft,  J. 
Howard  Frick,  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger  and  William  H.  Pratt, 
who  were  elected  instructors,  and  Miss  Mattie  A.  Fox, 
M.  S.  N.,  as  demonstrator  in  the  place  of  Miss  Ruth  E.  Shep- 
pard,  M.  S.  N.,  who  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  term. 
Dr.  O.  W.  Braymer,  instructor  in  surgical  nursing,  and  Dr.  J. 
S.  Baer,  instructor  in  gynsecological  nursing,  also  resigned  at 
the  close  of  the  yean  A  prize,  conferred  by  the  faculty  for  the 
best  thesis  on  a  subject  pertaining  to  nursing  and  called  "  The 
Faculty  Prize,"  was  established.  The  fourth  annual  com- 
mencement was  held  in  the  First  Methodist  Church,  May  28, 
1894.  The  address  to  the  graduates  was  delivered  by  O.  B. 
Gross,  M.  D.,  and  the  degree  of  M.  S.  N.  was  conferred  on  Kate 
A.  Baldwin,  Ida  Fricke,  Mattie  A.  Fox,  Linda  L.  Fortiner, 
Harriet  E.  Keys,  Sallie  J.  Miller  and  Amelia  Y.  Richardson, 
of  Camden ;  Annie  H.  Collins,  of  Cramer  Hill  ;  Mary  L. 
Connell,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Marie  Ernestine  Welch,  of 
Tacoma,  Washington.  The  president's  prize  was  presented 
to  Miss  Mattie  A  Fox  by  J.  B.  Graw,  D.  D.,  with  honorable 
mention  of  Miss  Ida  Fricke,  and  the  faculty  prize  was 
presented  by  James  William  Marshall,  D.  D.,  to  Mrs.  Marie  E. 
Welch,  with  distinguished  mention  of  Miss  Mattie  A.  Fox  and 
Miss  Linda  L.  Fortiner. 

[1894-95,]  The  prosperity  of  the  school  still  con- 
tinued. The  opportunity  to  obtain  thorough  instruction  in 
nursing,  without  the  necessity  of  spending  an  apprenticeship 
in  a  hospital,  proved  a  popular  innovation.  Young  women 
were  quick  to  see  that  the  course  of  instruction  offered 
unusual  advantages  to  those  desiring  a  knowledge  of  anatomy, 
physiology,  hygiene  and  dietetics,  as  well  as  the  principles  of 
nursing,  and  also  enabled  them  to  meet  with  greater  intel- 
ligence and  skill  the  many  duties  of  the  home.  The  faculty, 
instructors  and  demonstrators  of  the  school  consisted  of  the 
following:     Dr.    H.  Genet    Taylor,  A.M.,   M.D.,  lecturer  on 


264  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

ethics  of  nursing  ;  Alexander  M.  Mecray,  M.  D.,  clinical 
lecturer  on  medical  nursing;  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  A.M.,  M.  D., 
lecturer  on  medical  nursing;  William  A.  Davis,  M.  D.,  clinical 
lecturer  on  gynaecological  nursing  ;  Onan  B.  Gross,  M.  D., 
lecturer  on  anatomy  ;  Daniel  Strock,  M.  D.,  lecturer  on  dietet- 
ics ;  Joseph  H.  Wills,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  lecturer  on  hygiene  and 
massage  ;  George  T.  Robinson,  M.  D.,  lecturer  on  physiology; 
Joseph  L.  Nicholson,  M.  D.,  lecturer  on  surgical  nursing ; 
Henry  E.  Branin,  M.  D.,  instructor  in  nursing  in  nervous 
diseases;  John  G.  Doron,  A.  B.,  M.  D.,  instructor  in  medical 
nursing  ;  William  R.  Powell,  M.  D.,  instructor  in  care  of  the 
eye  and  ear  ;  Eugene  E.  De  Grofft,  M.  D.,  instructor  in  surgical 
nursing  ;  J.  Howard  Frick,  M.  D.,  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger, 
M.  D.,  and  William  H.  Pratt,  M.  D.,  quiz  class  instructors  ; 
Miss  May  E.  Stebbins,  M.  S.  N.,  demonstrator  of  invalid  cook- 
ing ;  Miss  Mattie  A.  Fox,  M.  S.  N.,  demonstrator  of  bathing, 
bed-making,  etc. 

The  introductory  lecture  was  given  October  1,  1894,  to  a 
large  class  of  matriculants,  by  Dr.  John  B.  Roberts,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  regular  didactic  and  clinical  lectures  were  con- 
tinued throughout  the  year  at  The  Cooper  Hospital,  the  City 
Dispensary,  the  Children's  Home  and  the  County  Insane 
Asylum.  The  commencement  exercises  of  the  school  were 
held  in  the  North  Baptist  Church,  Monday  evening,  June  3d, 
when  the  degree  of  M.  S.  N.  was  conferred  on  the  following 
graduates:  Kathleen  Holloway,  Cornelia  M.  Kreh  and  S. 
Virginia  Levis,  of  Philadelphia;  Jesse  E.  Huston,  Ida  Virginia 
Tains  and  Florence  L.  Treen,  of  Camden  ;  Edith  M.  Robinson, 
of  New  York  City  ;  Estelle  Noble  Keilholtz,  of  Baltimore,  Md.; 
Clara  I.  Lewis,  of  Binghampton,  N.  Y.,  and  Maty  Carpenter 
Smith,  of  Salem,  N.  J.  The  valedictory  address  was  delivered 
by  Daniel  Strock,  M.  D.;  the  president's  prize  was  presented 
by  Charles  Van  Dyke  Joline,  A.M.,  to  Estelle  Noble  Keilholtz, 
of  Baltimore,  for  having  passed  the  best  general  examination 
in  all  branches,  with  honorable  mention  of  S.  Virginia.  Levis, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  the  faculty  prize  was  presented  by  Albert 
G.  Lawson,  D.  D.,  to  S.  Virginia  Levis,  for  having  written  the 
best  thesis  on  "  Nursing  in  Typhoid  Fever,"  with  honorable 
mention  of  Jessie  E.  Huston. 


The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses.  265 

A.       ALUMNI  AND  ALUMN4  ASSOCIATION   OF  THE   NEW  JERSEY 
TRAINING  SCHOOL   FOR  NURSES. 

[1892-95.]  The  Association  of  Alumni  and  Alumnae 
of  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses  was  organized 
September  20,  1892,  for  "the  purpose  of  promoting  the  pros- 
perity of  the  school  and  the  maintenance  of  kindly  feeling  and 
interest  between  its  members."  At  this  time,  Miss  Charlotte 
A.  Ogden,  M.  S.  N.,  '92,  was  elected  president;  Miss  May  E. 
Stebbins,  M.  S.  N.,  '92,  vice-president;  Miss  Ruth  E.  Sheppard, 
M.  S.  N.,  '92,  secretary,  and  Miss  Margaret  D.  Wrifford, 
M.  S.  N.,  '92,  treasurer.  A  constitution  and  by-laws  were 
adopted ;  a  distinctive  uniform  and  badge  were  decided  on  and 
the  motto  " Nisi  Dominus  Frusta"  was  voted  to  be  the  motto 
and  guide  of  the  association.  The  first  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion during  commencement  week  was  held  Monday  evening, 
June  5,  1893,  when  the  annual  address  was  delivered  by  Charles 
Van  Dyke  Joline,  Esq.  On  September  20,  1893,  Mrs.  Emma 
M.  Richardson,  M.  S.  N.,  '91,  was  elected  president;  Miss  Ruth 
E.  Sheppard,  M.  S.  N.,  vice-president;  Miss  May  E.  Stebbins, 
M.  S.  N.,  secretary,  and  Miss  Margaret  D.  Wrifford,  M.  S.  N., 
treasurer.  On  May  25,  1894,  Judge  Howard  Carrow  delivered 
the  annual  address  before  the  association,  and,  at  the  September 
meeting,  Miss  May  E.  Stebbins,  M.  S.  N.,  was  elected  presi- 
dent; Miss  Charlotte  A.  Ogden,  M.  S.  N.,  vice-president;  Miss 
Margaret  D.  Wrifford,  M.  S.  N.,  secretary,  and  Mrs.  Alliher 
E.  Kimper,  M.  S.  N.,  '92,  treasurer.  On  May  31,  1895,  Board- 
man  Reed,  M.  D.,  of  Atlantic  City,  delivered  the  annual  address 
before  the  association.  Miss  Mattie  A.  Fox,  M.  S.  N.,  '94,  was 
elected  president;  Mrs.  Clorinda  H.  Simmons,  M.  S.  N.,  '93, 
vice-president;  Miss  May  E.  Stebbins,  M.  S.  N.,  secretary,  and 
Miss  Margaret  D.  Wrifford,  M.  S.  N.,  treasurer. 

B.       THE    CAMDEN    NURSE    DIRECTORY. 

[1891.]  The  Camden  Nurse  Directory  was  established  at 
the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  November,  1891,  by  the  faculty 
of  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses,  for  the  con- 
venience and  protection  of  graduated  and  trained  nurses  and 


266  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  the  citizens  of  West  Jersey  with 
competent  and  reliable  nurses  at  short  notice.  The  directory 
is  governed  by  rules,  formulated  by  the  faculty  of  the  school, 
and  founded  upon  the  common  and  accepted  interests  of  physi- 
cians, nurses  and  patients.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  a 
superintendent,  T.  J.  W.  Phillips,  pharmacist  and  superintendent 
of  the  dispensary,  where  a  register  of  the  names,  addresses, 
terms  and  engagements  of  nurses  is  kept. 

Section  X. — The  Camden  Day  Nursery  Association. 

[1890-91.]  In  the  early  part  of  1890,  the  Camden 
Day  Nursery  Association  was  organized  to  provide  the  working 
mothers  of  Camden  with  daily  shelter  and  food  for  children 
too  young  to  leave  untended  and  alone.  Two  public  meetings 
were  held;  the  first,  at  Trinity  Baptist  Church,  on  April  5th, 
when  Miss  Jane  Addams,  of  the  Northern  Day  Nursery  of 
Philadelphia,  gave  an  address  explaining  the  work  ;  the 
second,  at  the  rooms  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, on  April  14th,  when  Mrs.  S.  B.  Northrop  presided,  and 
the  Camden  Day  Nursery  Association  was  formally  organized. 
For  the  first  six  months,  the  work  was  experimental  and  the 
organization  was  temporary.  Sufficient  funds  were  collected 
in  this  interval  to  warrant  the  founding  of  a  nursery  and,  on 
July  14th,  the  institution  was  opened  at  214  Benson  street.  A 
special  effort  was  made  to  enlist  the  churches  in  the  work  and 
eleven,  representing  five  denominations,  formed  contributing 
auxiliaries  and  furnished  thirty-one  managers.  In  October, 
the  first  annual  meeting  was  held  ;  a  Board  of  Managers  was 
elected,  on  a  basis  of  three  from  each  church  containing  an 
auxiliary,  and  the  following  officers  were  elected  by  the  board 
to  serve  for  the  year  ending  October,  1891  :  President,  Mrs. 
E.  L.  B.  Godfrey;  vice-presidents,  Mrs.  S.  B.  Northrop,  Mrs. 
Charles  S.  Dunham,  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Tidball  ;  treasurer,  Mrs. 
Howard  R.  Sharp  ;  corresponding  secretary,  Mrs.  Richard 
Twelves  ;  recording  secretary,  Mrs.  Eva  M.  Holmes ;  secretary 
of  donations,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Brooks  ;  consulting  physicians, 
Doctors  Dowling  Benjamin   and    S.   Bryan  Smith  ;    advisory 


The  Camden  Day  Nursery  Association.  267 

board,  Wilson  H.  Jenkins,  Esq. ;  T.  B.  Harned,  Esq. ;  W.  A. 
Davis,  M.  D. ;  E.  M.  Howard,  M.  D. ;  Colonel  John  Hood  and 
Frank  H.  Burdsall. 

Subscriptions  of  one  dollar,  or  more,  entitled  the  donor  to 
membership  in  the  association,  and  the  total  receipts  from 
April,  1890,  to  October,  1891,  when  the  first  financial  year 
closed,  were  $1,112.92.  The  cost  of  maintaining  the  nursery 
for  the  same  period  was  $814.12.  This  provided  a  comfortable 
house,  a  matron  and  assistant  and  three  meals  per  day  for  the 
children.  The  mothers  were  taxed  six  cents  per  day  for  each 
child,  to  prevent  the  charity  from  encouraging  pauperism. 
The  total  attendance  for  the  year  was  one  thousand,  nine 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  children. 

The  managers  for  the  year,  in  addition  to  the  officers 
named,  were :  Mesdames  Dowling  Benjamin,  William  E. 
Clement,  Theodore  B.  Culver,  William  A.  Davis,  E.  A.  Downs, 
Kate  Goodwin,  Thomas  H.  Harris,  Thomas  B.  Harned,  P.  W. 
Hirst,  E.  M.  Howard,  Carrie  Jefferies,  Hannah  Jackson,  Wilson 
H.  Jenkins,  John  W.  Johnson,  Charles  H.  Knowlton,  Elmer 
Morton,  J.  H.  Rorer,  William  Reed,  Charles  Samson,  John  .F. 
Starr,  Jr.,  C.  R.  A.  Van  Valin,  Richard  Wells,  Charles  E. 
Young,  and  the  Misses  Hannah  R.  Hood,  A.  Morris,  Ida 
Northrop  and  Jennie  Nesbitt. 

[1892.]  During  this  year,  the  number  of  churches  con- 
tributing through  auxiliaries  increased  to  fourteen ;  the 
subscription  list  more  than  doubled  itself  and  numbered  nearly 
seven  hundred,  and  the  total  receipts  were  $1,108.41.  The 
total  number  of  children  cared  for  was  two  thousand,  eight 
hundred  and  forty-nine,  and  the  cost  of  maintenance  was 
$1,032.23.  The  officers  were  the  same  as  last  year,  excepting 
that  the  third  vice-president,  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Tidball,  resigned 
on  account  of  removal  to  Philadelphia.  In  the  Board  of 
Managers  there  were  several  changes.  Mesdames  J.  C.  Bailey, 
George  Finlaw,  Israel  Fish,  L,.  E.  Farnham,  May  I.  Felton, 
Harry  L.  Jones,  J.  H.  Knerr,  Harry  Knight,  R.  R.  Longland, 
William  C.  Eore,  George  I.  Lewis,  Oscar  C.  Molan,  Alexander 
Milliette,  William  E.  Needham,  Martha  E.  Nixon,  Frederick 
A.   Rex,   J.   Ridgeway    and  John    Stiles   replaced    Mesdames 


268  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

Benjamin,  Clement,  Culver,  Davis,  Goodwin  and  Miss  Morris, 
who  had  resigned. 

[1893.]  The  receipts  for  this  year  were  $1,133.60  and 
the  expenses  were  $1,234.20.  Two  thousand,  five  hundred 
and  seventy  children  were  cared  for.  The  institution  was 
removed  in  May  from  214  Benson  street  to  426  Steven  street, 
where  it  obtained  much  larger  and  more  comfortable  quarters. 
Owing  to  the  removal  from  Camden  of  Mrs.  T.  A.  Tidball, 
third  vice-president,  and  Mrs.  Eva  Holmes,  recording  secretary, 
their  places  were  filled,  respectively,  by  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Knowl- 
ton  and  Mrs.  Charles  Samson.  The  other  officers  remained  the 
same  as  in  previous  years.  The  changes  in  the  Board  of 
Managers  were  as  follows:  Mesdames  H.  B.  Hanford,  A.  L,. 
Hurff,  W.  Haco  Cooper,  C.  G.  Thompson,  Elmer  J.  Carll, 
Josiah  S.  Hackett,  Charles  L.  Prince,  G.  R.  Underhill,  A.  E. 
Gausler,  W.  T.  Waters,  A.  R.  Hillaker  and  Miss  Anna  Smith 
replaced  Mesdames  Jones,  Needham,  Nixon,  Ridgeway,  Van 
Valin  and  the  Misses  Hood  and  Northrop,  who  had  resigned, 
or  whose  term  of  office  had  expired,  and  Mrs.  E.  A.  Downs  and 
Mrs.  J.  H.  Rorer,  who  died  during  the  year.  Mr.  F.  Way  land 
Ayer  was  elected  to  the  advisory  board  in  place  of  Mr.  Frank 
H.  Burdsall,  resigned.  The  consulting  physicians  were 
re-elected. 

[1894.]  The  year  ending  October,  1894,  the  Day  Nursery 
closed  its  book  with  a  balance  in  bank,  though  it  had 
received  only  $950.74  in  subscriptions  and  donations.  The 
location  of  the  nursery  was  changed  in  May  from  426 
Stevens  street  to  319  Washington  street.  Mrs.  E.  L,.  B. 
Godfrey,  who  had  served  as  president  since  the  organization  of 
the  nursery,  declined  re-election  on  account  of  ill-health  and 
was  made  honorary  president ;  Mrs.  Charles  S.  Dunham  was 
elected  president;  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Knowlton,  Mrs.  George 
Finlaw  and  Mrs.  John  F.  Starr,  Jr.,  vice-presidents;  Mrs. 
Howard  R.  Sharp,  treasurer  ;  Mrs.  Charles  Samson,  recording 
secretary ;  Mrs.  Richard  Twelves,  corresponding  secretary ; 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Brooks,  superintendent  of  donations,  and  Miss 
Anna  Smith,  assistant.  The  consulting  physicians  and  advisory 
board  were  the  same  as  last  year.     In  the  Board  of  Managers, 


The  Medical  Department  of  the  N.  G.  N.J.  269 

Mesdames  A.  E.  Emery,  E.  E.  De  Grofft,  C.  S.  Holdcraft,  Eva 
M.  Holmes,  Emily  Fenner,  C.  H.  Davis,  and  J.  C.  Russell 
replaced  Mesdames  0.  C.  Molan,  George  I.  Lewis  and  Elmer 
Morton,  whose  terms  had  expired,  and  Mrs.  S.  B.  Northrop, 
who  had  resigned  on  account  of  removal  to  New  York  City. 
Mesdames  William  J.  Sewell,  Richard  T.  Miller,  George  A. 
Vroom,  Samuel  D.  Bergen,  Walter  Zimmerman,  John  A.  Seeds, 
S.  G.  Bailey,  Thomas  E.  Mulford  and  Miss  Amanda  Heyl  were 
elected  managers-at-large.  The  total  number  of  officers  and 
managers  was  fifty-nine.  The  churches  containing  auxiliaries 
were  St.  Paul's  and  St.  John's  Protestant  Episcopal ;  Centenary, 
Broadway,  Tabernacle  and  First  Methodist ;  First  and  Second 
Presbyterian;  North,  Trinity,  Tabernacle,  Linden  and  First 
Baptist,  and  the  Unitarian  auxiliary.  The  public  schools 
which  specially  contributed  to  the  nursery  are  the  John  S. 
Read,  E.  A.  Stevens,  Linden,  I.  S.  Mulford,  George  Genge, 
<  Broadway,  Central,  Northeast,  C.  K.  Evered  and  C.  S.  Bergen.* 

Section  XL — The  Medical  Department  of  the 
National  Guard  of  New  Jersey. 

[1892.]  In  the  reorganization  of  the  National  Guard  of 
New  Jersey,  in  1869,  the  surgeon-general  was  given  "general 
supervision  over  the  medical  department  of  the  State  forces 
and  empowered  to  issue  from  time  to  time  such  regulations, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  commander-in-chief,  as  the 
necessities  of  the  case  may  require."  Professional  examina- 
tions were  made  a  preliminary  condition  to  the  issuing  of  a 
commission  to  medical  officers  of  the  National  Guard,  and, 
consequently,  the  medical  department  has  constantly  maintained 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  State  forces.  Through  the 
efforts  of  Surgeon-General  John  D.  McGill,  the  department  has 
been  brought  to  a  high  degree  of  excellence.  The  first  step  in 
this  direction  was  the  organization  of  The  Military  Order  of 
Surgeons  of  New  Jersey  (Chapter  X,  Section  XII).  In  1892, 
a  supplement  to  the  Act  for  the  reorganization  of  the  National 
Guard  (1869)  was  enacted  by  the  Legislature,  approved  March 
23,  1892,  and  issued  from  the  office  of  the  adjutant-general, 
March  31st,  providing  for  the  establishment   of    the   medical 

*  Reports  of  the  Camdeii  Day  Nursery  Association. 


270  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County . 

department  as  a  separate  department ;  for  the  commissioning  of 
two  medical  inspectors,  each  with  the  rank  and  emoluments 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  for  the  formation  of  a  hospital  and 
ambulance  corps  of  twenty-four  men.  All  medical  officers  and 
hospital  stewards,  as  well  as  the  hospital  and  ambulance  corps, 
were  placed  under  the  direction  and  control  of  the  surgeon- 
general.  Under  this  Act,  Major  Mortimer  Lampson,  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  N.  G.,  and  Major  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment,  N.  G.,  were  each  promoted  and  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  and  medical  inspector  on  the  staff  of  Surgeon- 
General  McGill,  March  23,  1892.  Following  the  promotion  of 
Major  Godfrey  to  an  inspectorship,  Lieutenant  Daniel  Strock, 
who  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  Sixth  Regiment,  N.  G.,  February  1,  1890,  was  promoted 
major  and  surgeon  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  and  commissioned 
May  24,  1892. 

[1893.]  In  1893,  the  Sixth  Regiment  was  divided  into 
two  battalions,  and,  on  July  1st,  Dr.  Orange  W.  Braymer  was 
commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  battalion  assistant  surgeon  of 
the  first  battalion,  and,  on  September  2d,  Dr.  Wilson  Gill  Bailey 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  battalion  assistant  surgeon 
of  the  second  battalion.  On  March  17,  1893,  the  Act,  approved 
March  23,  1892,  "establishing  the  medical  department  of  the 
National  Guard  as  a  separate  department,"  was  modified  by  a 
supplement  providing  for  the  enlistment  of  a  hospital  and 
ambulance  corps  for  each  brigade  of  the  National  Guard,  under 
the  immediate  control  of  the  brigade  surgeons  and  under  the 
general  medical  control  of  the  surgeon-general ;  for  the  profes- 
sional examination  of  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  before 
being  commissioned,  and  of  hospital  stewards  before  being 
warranted.  In  March,  1894,  Charles  S.  Ogden,  Ph.G.,  was 
warranted  hospital  steward  of  the  first  battalion,  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, N.  G.,  and  in  July,  Dr.  Eugene  E.  De  Grofft  was 
warranted  hospital  steward  in  the  second  battalion,  both 
succeeding  Dr.  Levi  B.  Hirst,  who  was  honorably  discharged 
by  reason  of  expiration  of  service. 

[1895.]     In   1895,    the   powers   and  prerogatives  of  the 
medical  department  were  further  enlarged  by  legislative  enact- 


The  Epidemic  of  La  Grippe.  271 

merit.  The  office  of  assistant  surgeon-general  was  created; 
the  hospital  and  ambulance  corps  was  increased  to  two  officers 
and  sixty  men ;  the  office  of  medical  inspector  was  continued, 
and  all  surgeons,  assistant  surgeons,  hospital  stewards  and  the 
hospital  corps  were  made  a  part  of  the  department  and  subject 
to  the  orders  of  the  surgeon-general.  Under  this  Act,  L,ieu- 
tenant-Colonel  E.  h.  B.  Godfrey,  medical  inspector,  was 
promoted  colonel  and  assistant  surgeon-general,  and  was  com- 
missioned April  13,  1895. 

Section  XII. — The  Epidemic  of  La  Grippe. 

[1890.]  The  most  wide-spread  epidemic  that  has  ever 
visited  Camden  county,  or,  in  fact,  the  United  States,  made  its 
first  appearance  in  the  latter  part  of  December,  1890.  The 
disease  was  generally  known  as  influenza.  It  was  called  by 
the  French  La  Grippe  and  by  the  Germans,  Blitz-catarrh,  but 
became  finally  known  in  this  country  as  the  "Grippe." 
It  was  first  observed  at  St.  Petersburg  about  October  15th,  and 
spread  over  European  Russia  within  a  month.  In  November, 
it  appeared  in  Germany,  France  and  other  Continental  States, 
visiting  England  and  the  United  States  in  December  and 
extending  to  China  and  Japan.  It  was  a  true  pandemic 
disease.  It  made  its  appearance  in  Camden  during  the  last 
week  of  December  and,  before  the  close  of  February,  afflicted, 
more  or  less  severely,  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  population  of 
the  city.  According  to  Dr.  William  Pepper,  "three  out  of  every 
four  of  the  eleven  hundred  thousand  people  of  Philadelphia, 
suffered  from  influenza  in  a  greater  or  less  extent."  The  sickness- 
rate  was  far  in  excess  of  the  death-rate,  but  the  malady  not 
infrequently  left  depressing  and  often  fatal  sequelae  in  its  train. 
The  deaths  in  Camden  numbered  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
seven  for  January,  1890,  while  those  for  January,  1889, 
numbered  ninety-five.  The  etiology  of  influenza  was  due  to  a 
bacillus  and  the  constitutional  symptoms  arose  from  the  absorp- 
tion of  influenza-toxin.  It  was  an  infectious  disease,  but  this 
does  not  account  for  simultaneous  outbreaks  in  widely-separated 
countries.     The  disease  began  with  a  chill,  followed  by  fever, 


272  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

headache,  pains  throughout  the  body  and  extremities  and 
catarrhal  affection  of  the  air-passages,  frequently  leading  to 
pneumonia,  while  in  other  instances  it  would  expend  itself 
on  the  nervous  system  or  within  the  gastro-intestinal  track. 
Albuminuria  was  frequently  a  concomitant  condition.  The 
epidemic  re-appeared  in  the  winters  of  1891-92,  i892-'93 
and  1 894-' 95,  but  became  milder  in  form  and  less  general  in 
extent  at  each  re-appearance. 

Section  XIII. — The  West  Jersey  Homceopathic  Dispen- 
sary and  Hospital  Association. 

[189 1.]  The  articles  of  incorporation  of  this  association 
were  signed  May  15,  1891,  by  Walter  M.  Patton,  George  R. 
Danenhower,  Frank  H.  Burdsall,  John  T.  Cox,  Leander  W. 
Goldy,  Clayton  W.  Nichols,  Theodore  B.  Culver,  Robert  T. 
Lacey,  Samuel  G.  Rudderow,  Edward  W.  Sharp  and  Bmelius 
Senseman,  and  filed  with  the  clerk  of  the  county  under  the 
"Act  for  the  Incorporation  of  Hospitals  and  Charitable  Institu- 
tions," approved  March  9,  1877.  The  incorporators  were 
empowered  to  manage  the  affairs  of  the  association  for  the  first 
year.  The  constitution  adopted  by  the  association  provided 
that  its  membership  shall  consist  of  those  who  annually  con- 
tribute five  dollars  or  more  for  its  maintenance,  except 
that  a  contribution  of  one  hundred  dollars  or  more  shall  consti- 
tute the  donor  a  life  member ;  that  it  shall  be  governed  by  a 
Board  of  Trustees,  one  third  of  whom  shall  be  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting ;  that  no  physician  shall  be  eligible  for  election 
on  the  board;  that  the  trustees  shall  appoint  a  staff  of 
physicians,  of  such  number  as  shall  be  deemed  best,  who  shall 
constitute  the  professional  board  which  shall  have  full  control 
of  the  medical  management  of  the  association,  and  shall  also 
appoint  a  Board  of  Lady  Managers  who  shall  take  charge  of 
the  household  matters  of  the  association.  On  May  15th,  the 
Board  of  Trustees  organized,  with  the  election  of  Walter  M. 
Patton,  president ;  George  R.  Danenhower,  vice-president ; 
John  T.  Cox,  secretary,  and  S.  G.  Rudderow,  treasurer.  The 
building,  No.  3  North  Fifth  street,  was  rented  and  fitted  for 


West  Jersey  Homeopathic  Dispensary  and  Hospital  Asso.    273 

dispensary  purposes  and  the  following  professional  board  was 
appointed :    Medical  director,  Thomas  R.  Blackwood ;  surgeons, 
George  D.  Woodward  and  E.  M.  Howard ;  diseases  of  women, 
Anna  E.  Griffith  and   Willis    H.  Hunt;  eye   and  ear,  E.  M. 
Howard    and    F.   M.  Eaton;  nose,    throat   and    lungs,  J.    M. 
Hinson;    heart   and    kidneys,    P.    W.    Andrews   and    W.     C. 
Williams.     Daily  clinics  were  established  and,  on  October  19th, 
the  following  changes  were  made  in  the  professional  board: 
Gynaecology,  George  D.  Woodward  ;  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  T.    R.    Blackwood;    medical    treatment   of  women, 
Anna  E.  Griffith;  skin  diseases,  W.    C.  Williams;  heart   and 
kidneys,  O.  L.  Grumbrecht ;  eye  and  ear,  F.  M.  Eaton  and  E. 
M.  Howard  ;  nose,  throat  and  lungs,  J.  M.  Hinson  and  O.  L, 
Grumbrecht.     The    following  ladies'    advisor}-  committee  on 
ways  and  means  was  appointed,  which  led  to  the  organization 
of  a  Eady  Board  of  Managers :  Mesdames  S.  B.  Northrop,  J.  C. 
Meeteer,  W.  M.  Patton,  L.  V.  Kellum,  Charles  L.  Prince,  Harry 
Hollinshed,  Alfred  S.  Freeman,  John  F.  Starr,  Jr.,  J.  H.  Shel- 
mire,  L.  W.  Goldy,  George  A.  Munger,  G.  W.  Wakefield  and 
Miss  E.  Fayetta  Jennings.     Frank  H.  Burdsall  resigned  from 
the  Board  of  Trustees  and  D.  G.  Langendorf  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy.     Eighty-seven  cases  were  reported   to  have  been 
treated  since  the  opening  of  the  dispensary,  June  4th. 

[1892.]  The  second  year  of  the  association  opened  with 
bright  prospects.  A  part  of  the  appropriation  of  City  Council 
for  the  care  of  the  indigent  sick  was  secured  and  the  property 
of  the  Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  Asso- 
ciation, located  at  the  corner  of  West  and  Steven  streets,  was 
purchased  and  opened  to  the  public,  March  25th.  City  physi- 
cians were  appointed  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
the  city  appropriation,  and  Dr.  Oscar  L.  Grumbrecht  was 
assigned  to  the  northern  and  Dr.  F.  M.  Eaton  to  the  southern 
district.  Dr.  A.  S.  Ironside  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
professional  board.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  May  9th,  when  D.  G.  Langendorf,  S.  M.  Rudderow 
and  E.  W.  Sharp  were  elected  members  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  for  three  years  and  the  officers  of  the  board  were 
re-elected.     The  professional  board  reported  that  five  hundred 

iS 


274  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

and  sixty-five  cases  had  been  treated  since  the  opening  of  the 
dispensary;  that  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  thirty-five 
prescriptions  had  been  compounded  and  that  Dr.  C.  M, 
Williams  had  resigned  from  the  board,  because  of  his  removal 
from  the  city.  The  Lady  Board  of  Managers  reported  the 
hospital  to  be  divided  into  two  well-equipped  wards,  con- 
taining six  beds  and  one  cot  and  three  private  rooms,  well 
furnished.  Their  officers  were  as  follows :  President,  Mrs.  S- 
B.  Northrop ;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Meeteer ;  second 
vice-president,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Prince  ;  treasurer,  Mrs.  John  F.  Starr, 
Jr.,  and  secretary,  Mrs.  A.  S.  Freeman.  In  October,  an  obstet- 
rical ward  was  established  in  the  hospital  and  placed  under  the 
care  of  Doctors  T.  R.  Blackwood  and  Anna  E.  Griffith ;. 
Doctors  F.  M.  Baton  and  O.  E.  Grumbrecht  were  appointed  on 
the  professional  board  and  Dr.  A.  S.  Ironside  was  elected  city 
physician  in  place  of  Dr.  Grumbrecht. 

[1893.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held 
May  2 2d.  The  professional  board  reported  eight  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-two  cases  treated  in  the  dispensary ; 
thirteen  thousand  prescriptions  compounded ;  forty-nine  cases 
admitted  to  the  hospital  since  March,  1892,  and  seventy-nine 
surgical  operations  performed.  The  hospital  staff  was  consti- 
tuted as  follows:  Surgeons,  G.  D.  Woodward  and  E.  M. 
Howard ;  physicians,  O.  E.  Grumbrecht  and  F.  M.  Eaton  ; 
obstetricians,  Anna  E.  Griffith,  T.  R.  Blackwood  and  W.  WT. 
Knowlton.  Dispensary  staff:  Medical  director,  T.  R.  Black- 
wood ;  gynaecologists,  G.  D.  Woodward,  Anna  E.  Griffith  and 
O.  L.  Grumbrecht;  surgeons,  G.  D.  Woodward  and  E.  M. 
Howard ;  oculists  and  aurists,  E.  M.  Howard  and  F.  M.  Eaton ; 
nose  and  throat,  J.  M.  Hinson ;  chronic  diseases,  A.  S. 
Ironside;  general  medicine,  O.  E.  Grumbrecht  and  W.  W. 
Knowlton  ;  city  physicians,  F.  M.  Eaton  and  A.  S.  Ironside. 
Consultants  :  Surgical,  W.  B.  Van  Eennep  ;  medical,  Wallace 
McGeorge.  Walter  M.  Patton  was  elected  president  of 
the  association ;  George  R.  Danenhower,  vice-president ; 
S.  G.  Rudderow,  treasurer ;  John  T.  Cox,  secretary,  and 
Robert  T.  Eacey,  Clayton  W.  Nichols  and  John  T.  Cox,  mem- 
bers   of  the    Board    of  Trustees    for    three    years,    and    T.    I. 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  275 

Gifford  for  the  unexpired  term  of  E.  W.  Sharp.  The  board 
elected  Dr.  W.  W.  Knowlton  city  physician  for  the  first 
district  and  Dr.  F.  M.  Eaton  for  the  second  district.  In 
November,  M.  F.  Ivins  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  for  the  unexpired  term  of  W.  E.  Anthony. 

[1894.]  The  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was 
held  May  14th,  with  the  election  of  the  following  officers  and 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees :  President,  Walter  M. 
Patton  ;  vice-president,  Clayton  W.  Nichols;  secretary,  W.  M. 
Kaighn;  treasurer,  D.  G.  Eangendorf,  and  Walter  M.  Patton, 
M.  F.  Ivins  and  W.  M.  Kaighn,  members  of  the  board  for 
three  years.  The  professional  board  submitted  the  following 
report :  The  number  of  cases  treated  in  the  hospital  and 
dispensary  for  the  year  ending  April  30th  was  five  thousand, 
nine  hundred  and  fifty-seven  ;  prescriptions  compounded,  four- 
teen thousand,  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  ;  visits  made  by 
city  physicians,  four  thousand  and  sixty-three ;  surgical  opera- 
tions performed,  sixty-seven ;  obstetrical  cases  attended,  eight. 
The  Board  of  Lady  Managers  submitted  a  report  of  donations 
secured,  and  other  work  accomplished,  that  evidenced  their 
helpfulness  to  the  association. 

Section  XIV.— Miscellaneous  Interests. 

A.       THE  PAN-AMERICAN    MEDICAL  CONGRESS. 

[1893.]  At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion in  Washington,  D.  C,  1891,  a  resolution  was  adopted 
extending  an  invitation  to  the  medical  profession  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere  to  assemble  in  the  United  States  in  an 
Inter-Continental  American  Medical  Congress  and  a  committee, 
consisting  of  one  member  from  each  state  and  territory  and 
one  each  from  the  army,  navy  and  marine  hospital  service,  was 
appointed  to  effect  a  permanent  organization  of  the  proposed 
congress,  and  to  determine  the  time  and  place  at  which  the  same 
should  be  held.  Dr.  E.  J.  Marsh,  of  Paterson,  was  appointed 
on  the  committee  as  the  representative  from  New  Jersey.  The 
committee  prosecuted  their  work  diligently  ;  named  the  con- 
gress the  "Pan-American  Medical  Congress";  decided  to  hold 


276  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

the  same  at  Washington,  D.  C,  September  5,  6,  7  and  8,  1893, 
and  secured  the  adoption  of  a  joint  resolution  from  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States  and  the  House  of  Representatives, 
authorizing  and  requesting  the  President  to  invite  the  several 
governments  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  to  send  official  dele- 
gates to  the  congress.  The  resolution  met  with  executive 
approval,  July  18,  1892,  and  invitations  were  accordingly  sent 
and  promptly  responded  to.  The  committee  formulated  general 
and  special  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  congress ; 
established  twenty-two  sections  for  professional  work ;  appointed 
a  number  of  sub-committees  and  elected  Dr.  William  Pepper, 
of  Philadelphia,  president  of  the  congress,  and  Dr.  Edward  J. 
Ill,  of  Newark,  vice-president  for  New  Jersey.  Like  other  States, 
New  Jersey  was  entitled  to  one  delegate  for  each  District  or 
County  Medical  Society,  as  well  as  State  delegates.  Dr.  E.  L. 
B.  Godfrey  was  appointed  one  of  the  delegates  to  represent  the 
Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  with  Dr.  Daniel  Strock  as  his 
alternate.  Dr.  Godfrey  was  also  detailed  by  the  surgeon- 
general  of  the  State  to  represent  the  medical  department  of 
the  National  Guard  in  the  section  of  military  surgery.  The 
proceedings  of  the  congress  did  much  to  promote  the  interest 
of  the  medical  profession  in  this  and  other  countries,  especially 
in  hygiene,  quarantine  and  kindred  questions  of  inter-state 
interests. 

B.      THE  AMERICAN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion in  1846,  the  physicians  of  Camden  county  have  frequently 
represented,  through  a  delegated  relationship,  the  County  and 
State  Medical  Societies  in  its  deliberations.  All  delegates  are 
made  permanent  members  of  the  association  upon  the  filing  and 
approval  of  their  credentials  and  are  continued  as  such  so  long 
as  they  remain  members  of  their  local  societies  and  pay  their 
annual  dues  to  the  association.  The  following  members  of  the 
Camden  County  Medical  Society  have  become  permanent 
members  of  the  association :  Doctors  Richard  M.  Cooper  and 
Othniel  H.  Taylor,  1847;  John  V.  Schenck  and  Charles  D. 
Hendry,   1849;    Isaac  S.   Mulford,   1850;  Thomas    F.    Cullen, 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  277 

1855;  A  Dickenson  Woodruff,  1858  ;  H.  Genet  Taylor,  1870; 
John  W.  Snowden,  1872  ;  Onan  B.  Gross  and  N.  B.  Jennings, 
1880;  Isaac  B.  Mulford  and  E.  L,.  B.  Godfrey,  1881  ;  D.  P. 
Pancoast,  1883;  Dowling  Benjamin,  W.  A.  Davis,  J.  W. 
Donges  and  W.  H.  Ireland,  1884  ;  Alexander  McAlister,  1885  ; 
O.  W.  Braymer,  1891  ;  Henry  E.  Branin,  1892  and  J.  M.  Ridge, 
H.  F.  Palm  and  John  F.  Leavitt,  in  1893. 

C.       THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  HOME. 

[1890.]  The  preliminary  steps  for  the  organization  of 
the  home  were  taken  in  1888  and,  after  a  series  of  meetings, 
the  organization  was  effected  and  the  home  formally  opened  in 
Camden,  April  15,  1890.  The  constitution  states  that  the 
object  of  the  home  shall  be  "  to  provide  for  the  aged  and 
infirm  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  a  com- 
fortable home,  with  clothing,  employment,  medical  aid  and 
other  necessary  attendance  and  religious  privileges,"  and 
directs  that  the  management  shall  be  vested  in  two  boards ; 
viz.,  a  Board  of  Trustees  and  a  Board  of  Managers,  the  former 
consisting  of  nine  gentlemen  and  the  latter  of  ladies  repre- 
senting the  Methodist  Episcopal  churches  of  Camden  county. 
The  organization  was  effected  by  the  election  of  George 
R.  Danenhower  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees;  J.  T. 
Seymour,  secretary ;  Frank  Wells,  treasurer,  and  Dr.  A.  E. 
Street,  J.  R.  Carson,  Joseph  E.  Roberts  and  B.  Plumber  as 
members.  Mrs.  David  Baird  was  elected  president  of  the 
Board  of  Managers;  Mesdames  Daniel  Erdman  and  John 
Gourley,  vice-presidents ;  Miss  Lida  Mayhew,  recording  secre- 
tary ;  Mrs.  J.  S.  Baer,  corresponding  secretary,  and  Miss 
Harriet  M.  King,  treasurer,  with  a  standing  committee  from 
the  different  Methodist  churches.  Doctors  J.  H.  Frick,  J.  S. 
Baer,  Sophia  Presley,  W.  S.  Moslander  and  E.  L,.  B.  Godfrey 
were  appointed  medical  attendants.  Nine  inmates  were  ad- 
mitted during  the  year. 

[189 1.]  During  1891,  a  site  for  the  home  was  secured  at 
Collingswood  and  the  corner-stone  of  the  present  structure 
was  laid  July  9,  1891.  The  enterprise  has  proved  of  great 
usefulness  in  this  community,  not  alone  in  affording  a  home  to 


278  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

the  aged  and  infirm,  but  also  in  cementing,  into  closer  unity, 
the  membership  of  the  various  Methodist  churches  of  the 
county.  The  officers  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  were  re-elected, 
with  the  exception  that  Thomas  Hollinshed  and  D.  S.  Risley 
were  elected  in  the  place  of  Joseph  E.  Roberts  and  B.  Plumber. 
In  the  Board  of  Managers,  Mrs.  W.  T.  Collins  succeeded  Mrs. 
John  Gourley  as  one  of  the  vice-presidents ;  Miss  Clara  M. 
Doughty  succeeded  Mrs.  J.  S.  Baer  as  corresponding  secretary  ; 
Mrs.  George  E.  Fry  succeeded  Miss  Harriet  M.  King  as 
treasurer,  and  the  office  of  financial  secretary  was  established 
and  Mrs.  Anna  Parker  elected  to  fill  it.  With  these  excep- 
tions, the  officers  and  members  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
remained  unchanged.  The  medical  advisers  of  the  preceding 
year  were  succeeded  by  Dr.  Eli  R.  Tullis.  After  1891,  no 
medical  appointments  were  made  by  the  board,  but  in 
the  reports  of  1892,  '93  and  '94,  the  committee  on  sick 
express  obligations  to  Doctors  William  Shafer,  E.  R.  Tullis, 
S.  Bryan  Smith,  Wallace  McGeorge,  F.  M.  Eaton,  W.  S. 
Moslander,  S.  H.  Quint  and  H.  C.  Garrison  for  gratuitous 
professional  services,  and  to  Dr.  B.  S.  Lewis  and  Messrs.  R.  S. 
Justice,  U.  F.  Richards  and  George  J.  Pechin  for  donations  of 
medicine. 

D.       THE  HADDONFIELD  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  BACKWARD 

CHILDREN. 

The  establishment  of  the  Haddonfield  Training  School  for 
Backward  Children,  in  1883,  testifies  in  an  eminent  degree  the 
good  that  can  be  accomplished  by  woman,  when  actuated 
and  urged  forward  by  the  love  of  her  kind.  This  school  was 
founded  by  Margaret  Bancroft,  of  Philadelphia,  whose  experi- 
ence as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools  impressed  her  with  the 
great  need  of  patient,  individual  instruction  in  order  to  develop 
the  indifferent  and  sluggish  minds  of  backward  children  to  the 
degree  of  proficiency  of  which  they  are  capable.  In  order  to 
accomplish  this  work,  Miss  Bancroft  resigned  her  position  and 
opened  the  training  school  at  Haddonfield.  From  its  inception 
the  school  has  been  a  success,  and  the  method  of  instruction 
employed    and    the    results    yielded    have    attracted    national 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  279 

attention.  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen  and  Mr.  Charles  Lippincott,  of 
Philadelphia,  have  materially  aided  Miss  Bancroft  in  her  efforts, 
.and  Dr.  Bowman  H.  Shivers,  of  Haddonfield,  has  been  the 
medical  supervisor  of  the  school  since  1883.  In  1888,  Miss 
Jean  M.  Cox  became  associated  with  Miss  Bancroft  in  the 
work.* 

E.       THE  CAMDEN  CITY  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  SOCIETY. 

[1891-95.]  The  Camden  City  Medical  and  Surgical 
Society  was  organized  November  16,  1891,  for  the  purpose  of 
furthering  the  scientific  and  professional  interests  of  the  physi- 
cians of  Camden.  The  constitution  and  by-laws  provide  for 
reports,  at  each  regular,  monthly  meeting,  from  sections  on 
practice  of  medicine,  surgery,  pathology,  chemistry,  therapeu- 
tics, hygiene  and  dietetics,  and  thus  afford  a  broad  field  for 
medical  discussion  and  improvement.  This  is  further  supple- 
mented by  a  question-box,  a  feature  that  has  frequently  given 
rise  to  interesting  debates.  At  the  organization  of  the  society, 
Dr.  E.  P.  Townsend  was  elected  president;  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard, 
vice-president;  Dr.  W.  F.  H.  Osmun,  secretary,  and  Dr.  J.  S. 
Baer,  treasurer. 

The  officers  for  1892  were  as  follows:  President,  Dr.  W. 
H.  Ireland ;  vice-president,  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard ;  secretary, 
Dr.  W.  F.  H.  Osmun;  treasurer,  Dr.  Alexander  McAlister: 
For  1893  '■>  president,  Dr.  W.  H.  Iszard ;  vice-president,  Dr.  D. 
W.  Blake;  secretary,  Dr.  S.  G.  Bushey;  treasurer,  Dr.  J.  S. 
Baer:  For  1894;  president,  Dr.  D.  W.  Blake;  vice-president, 
Dr.  H.  F.  Palm;  secretary,  Dr.  H.  H.  Sherk,  and  treasurer, 
Dr.  J.  F.  Leavitt.  In  addition  to  the  physicians  named, 
Doctors  J.  W.  Fithian,  A.  H.  Lippincott,  W.  B.  Jennings,  B.  S. 
Lewis,  P.  W.  Beale,  Harry  Jarrett,  George  T.  Robinson,  A.  M. 
Mecray,  C.  M.  Schellenger,  Edwin  Tomlinson,  William  Shafer, 
J.  H.  Frick,  Sophia  Presley,  G.  W.  Henry,  F.  G.  Stroud,  C.  B. 
Donges,  G.  E.  Kirk,  Edward  Phelan,  W.  H.  Kensinger, 
Charles  Jennings,  and  W.  P.  Wingender  are  members  of  the 
society.! 

*  Woman's  Progress,  for  August,  1893. 
t  M.S.  Notes  of  Dr.  A.  H.  Lippincott. 


280  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Coninly.. 

F.       POLITICAL  INTERESTS. 

Since  the  erection  of  Camden  county,  the  medical  profes- 
sion has  been  prominently  represented  in  national,  state, 
county  and  municipal  politics.  Dr.  Reynell  Coates  was  a 
candidate  for  vice-president  of  the  United  States  in  1852 
(Chapter  V,  Section  IV) ;  Dr.  William  H.  Iszard  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  1873-74  as  a  representative  from  Gloucester 
county;  George  D.  Borton,  Ph.  G.,  of  Camden,  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1883,  and  Dr.  George  W.  Henry, 
of  Camden,  in  the  Legislature  of  1893.  Doctors  Thomas  G. 
Rowand,  Duncan  W.  Blake,  James  A.  Armstrong,  William  H. 
Iszard,  John  D.  Leckner,  P.  W.  Beale,  Edwin  Tomlinson,  H. 
H.  Davis,  George  W.  Henry,  James  G.  Stanton  and  E.  R. 
Smiley  (Chapter  III,  Section  IV)  have  filled  the  office  of 
coroner.  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  held  the  position  of  Mayor  of 
Camden  seven  terms  (Chapter  VII,  Section  VII).  Dr.  John 
W.  Donges  served  as  president  of  City  Council  in  1883, 
Dr.  J.  D.  Leckner  in  1887  and  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  D.  V.  S., 
in  1892;  Doctors  L.  F.  Fisler,  Frederick  P.  Pfeiffer,  C.  W. 
Sartori,  William  S.  Jones,  B.  S.  Lewis  and  P.  W.  Beale  have 
also  served  as  members  of  that  body.  Dr.  L.  F.  Fisler  and 
George  D.  Borton  served  as  collector  of  customs  for  the  Port  of 
Camden.  In  the  Board  of  Education,  Doctors  Isaac  S.  Mulford,, 
Sylvester  Birdsell,  Thomas  W.  Rowand,  Charles  W.  Sartori,  J. 
H.  Austin,  James  M.  Ridge,  Max.  West,  John  R.  Haneyr 
Alexander  M.  Mecray,  J.  D.  Leckner,  Dowling  Benjamin,  H„ 
H.  Davis  and  M.  F.  Middleton  and  druggists  J.  C.  De  La  Cour, 
Herman  Miller,  Stanley  C.  Muschamp  and  Richard  S.  Justice 
have  served  as  members. 

G.      PROFESSIONAL  INTERESTS. 

[i890-'95.]  Among  the  physicians  who  located  in  Cam- 
den during  the  period  from  1890  to  1895  are  the  following : 
Dr.  Clarence  B.  Donges  and  Dr.  Grant  E.  Kirk,  Ph.G.,  gradu- 
ates of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1891,  and  Dr.  Henry  A. 
Lacey,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1891  ;  Dr. 
Nathan  A.  Cohen,  a  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1886,  the  Veterinary  Department  of  the  University 


Miscellaneous  hite rests.  281 

of  Pennsylvania,  1890,  and  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1892 ; 
Dr.  Marcus  K.  Mines,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
1892  ;  Dr.  William  E.  Miller,  Ph.  G.,  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1893,  and  Dr.  Rowland  I.  Haines,  of  the 
same  University,  1890;  Dr.  Wendell  P.  Wingender,  Ph.  G.,  a 
graduate  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1893  ;  Dr.  William  W. 
Knowlton,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1893  ; 
Dr.  Levi  B.  Hirst,  Ph.  G.,  and  Dr.  Milton  M.  Osmun,  Ph.  G., 
graduates  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1894;  Dr.  Emerson  P. 
McGeorge,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  1894, 
and  Dr.  William  B.  Christine,  a  student  at  Pennington  Sem- 
inary and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1877. 
Dr.  Leolf  Reese,  a  graduate  of  Penn  Medical  University,  1862, 
and  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College  of  Philadelphia,  1882 ; 
Dr.  Oscar  L.  Grumbrecht,  a  graduate  of  Hahnemann  Medical 
College,  1890;  Dr.  Jerome  L.  Artz,  a  graduate  of  Cleveland 
Medical  College,  Ohio,  and  Dr.  Joseph  W.  Martindale,  a  graduate 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1894,  located  at  Cramer  Hill. 

In  1893,  Dr.  Wallace  McGeorge  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Camden.  Dr.  McGeorge  was  graduated  from  Hah- 
nemann Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in  1868,  and  has  been 
identified  the  greater  part  of  his  professional  life  with  public 
interests.  In  1868,  he  began  medical  practice  at  Hightstown; 
moved  to  Woodbury  in  1872  and  to  Camden  in  1893.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society  in  1869,  one  of  its  incorporators  in  1870,  and 
has  held  the  office  of  treasurer,  secretary  and  president,  and  is 
now  its  corresponding  secretary.  He  has  also  been  actively 
identified  with  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  and 
with  the  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  of  which 
he  has  served  as  president.  In  1877,  he  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Woodbury  ;  in  1879,  a  member  of  the  Common  Council  of 
Woodbury;  in  1886,  coroner  of  Gloucester  county.  He  also 
served  as  school  trustee,  commissioner  of  deeds  and  notary  public 
in  Gloucester  county,  besides  being  an  active  member  in  the 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Sons  of  Temperance,  Red  Men, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  Legion  of  the  Red  Cross  and  other 
associations. 


282  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

In  1890,  Bucknell  University  conferred  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.  M.  on  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  and,  in  1893  and 
1894,  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Alumni  Association 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College. 

H.      MAJOR  SURGICAL  OPERATIONS. 

Previously  to  the  opening  of  The  Cooper  Hospital,  in  1887, 
a  large  percentage  of  the  major  operations  in  Camden  county 
were  performed  in  Philadelphia  hospitals,  but  most  of  the  sur- 
gical cases  resulting  from  railroad  accidents  were  attended  by  Dr. 
Dowling  Benjamin,  surgeon  to  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Rail- 
road and  by  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  surgeon  to  the  Camden  and 
Atlantic  Railroad.  Cases  occurring  along  the  line  of  the  roads 
were  brought  into  Camden  for  surgical  treatment.  With  the 
opening  of  The  Cooper  Hospital,  the  majority  of  surgical  acci- 
dents, as  well  as  cases  requiring  operative  treatment,  were 
removed  to  the  hospital. 

Of  the  major  operations,  amputations  of  the  hip-joint  have 
been  performed  by  Doctors  O.  B.  Gross  and  Daniel  Strock; 
amputation  of  the  thigh,  by  Dr.  George  D.  Woodward  and 
others;  amputations  of  the  shoulder-joint,  by  Doctors  Dowl- 
ing Benjamin,  O.  B.  Gross  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey ;  knee-joint, 
by  Doctors  Benjamin,  Gross,  Strock  and  Godfrey ;  extra- 
uterine pregnancy,  by  Doctors  Gross,  Strock  and  Godfrey ; 
hysterectomy,  by  Doctors  Benjamin,  Braymer  and  Godfrey; 
Caesarian  section,  by  Dr.  Benjamin ;  abdominal  section,  by 
Doctors  J.  F.  Walsh,  Alexander  McAlister,  Dowling  Benjamin, 
O.  B.  Gross,  Daniel  Strock,  J.  S.  Baer,  Joseph  L,.  Nicholson,  O. 
W.  Braymer,  H.  H.  Sherk  and  E.  h.  B.  Godfrey;  suprapubic 
cystotomy,  by  Doctors  Walsh,  McAlister  and  Strock ;  litho- 
lapaxy,  by  Doctors  Benjamin  and  Strock,  and  exsection  of 
part  of  the  small  intestines,  by  Dr.  Gross.  Most  of  these 
operations  were  performed  at  The  Cooper  Hospital  under 
the  most  thorough  antiseptic  and  aseptic  conditions. 

Several  physicians  of  Camden  have  contributed  to  the 
list  of  surgical  inventions.  Dr.  Dowling  Benjamin  has 
invented  an  obstetric  forceps,  manufactured  by  Snowden,  of 
Philadelphia;     an    axis-traction    instrument,     uterine    cervix 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  283 

"holders,  plaster-of-Paris  bandage  roller,  and  an  improvement 
on  Day's  extension  splint ;  Dr.  J.  S.  Baer  has  invented  tissue- 
forceps,  an  aseptic  obstetric  case  and  a  bivalve  speculum. 
This  latter  instrument  is  made  by  Gemrig,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  contains  a  ratchet  attachment  and  a  French  lock,  in  place 
of  the  ordinary  screw,  that  admits  of  its  separation  for  aseptic 
purposes.  Dr.  Joseph  H.  Wills  has  invented  a  needle-forceps, 
and  an  ether-bottle  which  is  used  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital. 

I.       DEATHS   OF    PROMINENT    PHYSICIANS. 

[1894.]  Joseph  F.  Garrison,  M.D.,  D.D.,  died  in  Camden, 
January  30,  1894.  Dr.  Garrison  was  graduated  from  Princeton 
College  in  1842,  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1845 
and  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Swedesboro,  where  his 
father,  Dr.  Charles  Garrison,  had  practiced  many  years.  In 
1855,  Dr.  Garrison  abandoned  the  profession  of  medicine  and 
was  ordained  a  minister  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  During  the 
year,  he  was  installed  as  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Camden, 
where  he  remained  until  1884,  a  period  of  twenty-nine  years, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  chair  of  Canon  Law  in  the 
Philadelphia  Divinity  School.  During  the  period  of  his 
rectorship,  he  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  Camden 
County  Medical  Society,  in  which  he  kept  an  active  interest. 
Dr.  Garrison  was  an  acknowledged  authority  in  church  and 
masonic  history. 

Dr.  Jesse  J.  Wills  died  in  Camden,  May  20,  1894.  Dr. 
Wills  was  graduated  from  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1884, 
opened  an  office  in  Camden  and  became  a  member  of  the  City 
Medical  Society  in  1885  and  of  the  County  Medical  Society  in 
1886. 

J.      THE  COOPER  MEDICAL  CLUB. 

[i894-'95.]  The  Cooper  Medical  Club  was  organized 
January  13,  1894,  by  the  attending  staff  of  The  Cooper 
Hospital,  for  the  purpose  of  perpetuating  the  name  of  Dr. 
Richard  M.  Cooper,  and  of  cultivating  the  professional  and 
social  interests  of  its  members.  The  membership  of  the  club 
is  limited  to  those  physicians  who  have  been,  are  now,  or  who 


284  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

may  hereafter  be,  officially  connected  with  The  Cooper 
Hospital.  The  first  meeting  of  the  club  was  held  March  27, 
1894,  at  which  a  banquet  was  served  and  Doctors  H.  Genet 
Taylor,  A.  M.  Mecray,  William  A.  Davis,  Dowling  Benjamin, 
O.  B.  Gross,  Daniel  Strock,  Joseph  H.  Wills,  George  T, 
Robinson,  D.  P.  Pancoast,  J.  F.  Walsh,  Harry  Jarrett,  B.  W. 
MacFarland,  G.  Hudson  McCuen,  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger,  William 
Martin,  J.  C.  Farrar,  J.  H.  Frick,  S.  F.  Ashcraft,  F.  W.  Marcy,. 
J.  L.  Nicholson,  P.  M.  Mecray  and  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey  became 
members.  Dr.  H.  Genet  Taylor  was  elected  president ;  Dr.  A. 
M.  Mecray,  vice-president ;  Dr.  Harry  Jarrett,  secretary,  and 
Dr.  F.  W.  Marcy,  treasurer. 

The  annual  meeting  and  banquet  of  the  club  was  held  at 
Rudolph's  Cafe,  February,  1895.  Dr.  A.  M.  Mecray  was  elected 
president ;  Dr.  E.  L.  B.  Godfrey,  vice-president ;  Dr.  E.  A.  Y, 
Schellenger,  secretary;  Dr.  O.  B.  Gross,  treasurer,  and  Doctors 
Paul  M.  Mecray,  J.  L.  Nicholson,  J.  D.  Farrar,  D.  Benjamin 
and  G.  Hudson  McCuen,  members  of  the  executive  committee. 

K.       COLLEGE  AFFILIATIONS  OF  PHYSICIANS. 

One  hundred  and  ninety-six  physicians  have  been  identified 
with  the  medical  profession  of  Camden  county  since  its  organi- 
zation. Of  this  number,  forty-six  have  taken  degrees  in  the 
arts,  sciences  or  philosophy,  or  have  pursued  partial  or  special 
courses  at  scientific  or  literary  colleges.  Twenty  were  graduated 
from  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  and  twenty-six 
were  either  graduated,  took  a  partial  course  or  received  honor- 
ary degrees  from  the  following  institutions  :  Three  from  Buck- 
nell  University  ;  two  each  from  Princeton,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Lafayette,  Swathmore  and  Philadelphia  High  School ; 
one  each  from  Allegheny,  Amherst,  Brown,  Cornell,  Dicken- 
son, Haverford,  Lebanon,  Peddie  Institute,  Rutgers,  U.  S.  Naval 
Academy,  Waterville,  Williams  and  Yale. 

Twenty  medical  institutions  are  represented  by  alumni 
among  the  physicians  of  the  county,  past  and  present.  Seventy- 
seven  practitioners  were  graduated  from  Jefferson  College;  sixty- 
three  from  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 


Miscellaneous  Interests.  285 

vania ;  twenty-seven  from  Hahnemann  College*  ;  four  from 
Penn  Medical  University  ;  three  from  Pennsylvania  Medical 
College  ;  two  each  from  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College  of 
Philadelphia  and  the  University  of  New  York  ;  one  each  from 
Chicago  Medical  College,  Cleveland  Medical  College,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York,  Dartmouth  Medical 
College,  Eclectic  College  of  Philadelphia,  Georgetown  Medical 
College,  McGill  University,  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  and  Hospital  for  Women,  Philadelphia  College  of 
Medicine,  Philadelphia  University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
University  of  Maryland  and  Woman's  Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  veterinarians  of  Camden  county  are  graduates  of  the 
following  institutions :  Eight  from  the  Veterinary  Department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  four  from  the  American 
Veterinary  College  of  New  York  and  one  each  from  Veterinary 
College  of  Philadelphia,  the  Ontario  Veterinary  College  and 
the  Royal  College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons,  London. 

The  dentists  of  Camden  county  are  graduates  of  dental 
colleges  and  are  registered  under  the  State  Board  of  Examina- 
tion and  Registration  in  Dentistry. 


In  closing  this  review  of  the  medical  profession  of  Camden 
county,  the  high  honor  the  profession  has  reflected  on  the 
county  and  the  incalculable  benefit  it  has  rendered  its  citizens 
are  clearly  obvious.  Erected  near  the  close  of  the  first  half  of 
the  present  century,  the  county  required  but  few  active  medical 
practitioners  at  that  time,  because  of  its  comparatively  sparse 
population.  The  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey  then  governed 
medical  practice  throughout  the  State  and  its  diploma  alone 
gave  legal  standing  to  the  physician  and  surgeon.  With  the 
beginning  of  the  latter  half  of  the  century,  the  licensure  of 
the  society  was  practically  abrogated  by  legislative  enactment, 
and  equal  rights  and  privileges  in  medical  practice  were  ac- 
corded   to   the  graduates    of  all    legally  incorporated  medical 

*  The  Hahnemann  Medical  College  was  consolidated  with  the  Homoeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  in  1869  (Scharf  and  Westcott's  History  of  Philadelphia)  and  the 
graduates  of  the  latter  college  are  classed  with  those  of  the  former. 


286  History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 

colleges.  The  number  of  physicians  steadily  multiplied  and, 
in  consequence  of  this  and  the  proximity  of  Camden  county  to 
the  medical  schools  of  Philadelphia,  the  profession  has  always 
kept  abreast  of  the  great  advance  in  medical  thought.  From 
the  discovery  of  anaesthetics,  in  the  year  of  the  organization 
of  the  Camden  County  Medical  Society,  to  the  adoption  of 
the  latest  methods  of  aseptic  and  antiseptic  medical  practice 
and  the  recent  claims  of  serum-therapy,  there  has  not  been  a 
discovery  in  medical  science,  which  in  any  degree  mitigates  the 
pangs  of  disease,  that  has  not  been  adopted  by  the  medical 
profession  of  Camden  county.  In  the  International  Medical 
Congress,  the  American  Medical  Association,  the  American 
Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Medical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  the 
New  Jersey  Sanitary  Association,  the  New  Jersey  State  Boards 
of  Health  and  Medical  Examiners,  the  New  Jersey  Historical 
Society,  the  Military  Order  of  Surgeons  of  New  Jersey,  The 
Cooper  Hospital,  the  Camden  County  Insane  Asylum  and 
Hospital  and  the  Camden  City  Dispensary,  the  profession  has 
rendered  distinguished  service.  Not  alone  in  strictly  profes- 
sional work  have  Camden  county  physicians  brought  character 
and  reputation  to  the  profession  and  honor  and  fame  to  the 
county,  but  in  the  domain  of  politics,  literature,  education  and 
in  the  military  service  of  both  State  and  Nation,  they  have 
enriched  the  sum  of  human  endeavor.  In  politics,  the  profes- 
sion has  furnished  a  candidate  for  Vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  members  of  the  State  Legislature  and  county  and 
municipal  officials ;  in  literature,  it  has  provided  a  State  his- 
torian, local  historians,  a  poet  and  novelist,  a  dramatist  and  a 
musical  composer  and  numerous  writers  on  scientific  and  medical 
subjects;  in  educational  matters,  it  has  furnished  professors  and 
lecturers  in  four  of  the  most  prominent  medical  colleges  of 
Philadelphia,  in  the  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  Nurses,  and 
members  of  the  educational  boards  of  the  state,  city  and  county  ; 
in  the  military  service  it  has  furnished  medical  officers  for  the 
United  States  Army  and  Navy,  the  Marine  Hospital  Service 
and  the  National  Guard  of  the  State. 

The   homoeopathic    physicians  of   Camden  county  have 
rendered  honorable  and  efficient  service  to  the  county  and  the 


The  Closing  Review.  287 

principles  in  medicine  for  which  they  contend.  They  have 
been  closely  identified  with  the  World's  Congress  of  Homoeo- 
pathic Physicians,  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy, 
and  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia ;  while 
the  organization  of  the  West  Jersey  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Society,  the  incorporation  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  Society  and  the  founding  of  the  West  Jersey 
Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  were  largely  effected 
through  their  efforts.  They  have  furnished  members  of  the 
City  Council  of  Camden  and  the  Camden  Boards  of  Health  and 
of  Education,  and  have  liberally  contributed  to  the  literature 
of  their  professional  creed. 

The  kindred  professions  of  dentistry  and  pharmacy  have 
won  honorable  recognition  in  both  state  and  county;  the 
former,  through  the  New  Jersey  State  Dental  Society,  and  the 
latter,  through  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  the  New 
Jersey  State  Board  of  Pharmacy  and  the  New  Jersey  Pharma- 
ceutical Society. 

In  estimating  the  good  accomplished  by  the  rapid  strides 
of  medical  science  and  the  wide  diffusion  of  medical  and 
sanitary  knowledge,  a  large  share  of  credit  for  the  great 
advance  made  in  the  physical  welfare  of  the  citizens  of  Camden 
county,  and  the  establishment  of  her  charitable  institutions, 
must  be  accorded  to  the  medical  profession  of  the  county. 


Index. 


K  PAGE 

Abbott,  Benjamin, 208 

Abels,  William , 130 

Academy : 

Exeter, 227 

U.  vS.  Naval 108 

West  Jersey,.... 108 

Achuff,  Dr.  J.  Newton,... 88,  91,  93,  99 
Ackley,  Dr.  Henry,  52,  54,  60,  82,  103 

Act,  Conscription , 76 

Adams,  Charles  F., 207 

Aikman,  John, 102 

Albertson ,  Josiah , 208 

Albright,  Charles, 209 

Alexander,  Mrs.  H., 102 

Allen,  Elizabeth, 142 

Allen,  Dr.  Harrison, 74 

Allen,  Dr.  S.  E-, 100 

Allen,  William  H., 217 

Allis,  Dr.  Oscar  H., 157 

Almshouse,  Camden  County, 

158,  168,  180,  193,  207 

Amputations, 257 

Hip-joint, 282 

Knee-joint, 282 

Shoulder-joint, 282 

Andrews,  Dr.  John  R., 8,  29,  43,  66 

Andrews,  Dr.  Purnell  W., 

84,  100,  117,  210,  273 

Andrews,  Mrs.  Purnell  W., 210 

Anthony,  W.  E., 275 

Antitoxin 143 

Apprentices,  Medical, 3,  4,  21,  24 

Appropriations,  Camden  City  Council, 

92,  107,  129,  130,  151,  185,  204,  211, 

231,  273 

Archer,  Benjamin  F., 68,  95,  217 

Archer,  Mrs.  George  F., 102 

Armstrong,  E.  Ambler, 

103,  210,  212,  217 
Armstrong,  Dr.  James  A., 

25.  39.  79.  !32,  134.  146,  178,  225 

Army,  United  States, 27,  67 

Medical  Department  of,  69,71,  78,  88 

Artery,  Ligation  of  Femoral, 239 

Artz,  Dr.  Jerome  L., 

99,  101,  117,119,  208,  252,  281 
Ashcraft,  Dr.  S.  F., 214,  259,  284 


Association :                                        page 
Alumni  and  Alumnse,  N.  J.  Train- 
ing School, 265 

American  Medical, 

23,  24,  35,  49,  62,  63,  158,  276 

Members  of, 24,  276 

American  Medical  Colleges,  35,   159 

Camden  Day  Nursery, 266 

Camden  Druggists, 180 

Camden  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and 

Dispensary, 209 

Camden  Literary  and  Library,....  122 

Military  Surgeons  of  U.  S., 220 

N.  J.  Pharmaceutical, 123 

N.   J.   Sanitary,   139,    147,   173,  200, 

247 

Members  of, 140 

Officers  of, 140,  249 

N.J.  Veterinary, 222 

North  Ward  Bounty, 89,  92 

W.J.  Dental, 118 

W.  J.  Homoeopathic  Dispensary  and 

Hospital  272 

Young  Men's  Christian 176 

Asylum,  Camden  County  Insane, 

136,  207, 262 

Atkinson ,  J.  Earl , 1 02 

Atkinson,  Thomas  B., 102 

Atkinson,  Dr.  William  B., 63,  248 

Austin,  Dr.  John  H., 

56,  82,  99,  100,  120,  122 

Ayer,  F.  W., 187,  217,  268 

Ayer,  Mrs.  F.  W 102 

B 
Bacillus : 

Comma, 192,  234 

Diphtherias, 252 

Tuberculosis, 252 

Typhosus, 213 

Baer,  Dr.  B.  F 154 

Baer,  Dr.  J.  S., 

144,  230,  239,  242,  262,  263,  277,  279, 
282,  283 

Baer,  Mrs.  J.  S., 277 

Bailey,  Dr.  George  W., 142 

Bailey,  Mrs.  J.  C, 267 

Bailey,  Mrs.  S.  G., 269 


19 


290 


History  Medical  Profession  Camde?i  Cotmty. 


PAGE 

Bailey,  Dr.  Wilson  G., 

219,  232,  234,  241,  242,  256,  270 

Baird,  Mrs.  David, 277 

Baker,  Dr.  Charles  A., 108 

Baldwin,  Dr.  A.  K 256 

Baldwin,  Kate  A., 263 

Balear,  Dr.  Ezra, 6 

Baltz,  Lilly  T., 214 

Bancroft,  Dr.  E.  R., 100 

Bancroft,  Margaret, 278 

Banes,  Dr.  S.  T., 146,  217 

Barrows,  Dr.  George, 8,  45 

Bartholomew,  Dr.  G.  W., 34,  50 

Bartine,   Dr.   D.   H., 

79,  96,  106,  119,  251 
Beale,  Dr.  Philip  W., 

39,  98,  119,  144,   158,   170,    175,  176, 
178,  180,  206,  279 

Belden,  Dr.  O.  S., 72 

Bell,  Ezra,  C, 170,  208 

Benjamin,  Dr.  Dowling, 

56,   120,  136,  140,  144,  153,  158,  159, 

171,  174,  177,  180,  187,  195,  198,  199, 

200,  202,  213,  220,  222,  228,  230,  245, 

248,  259,  260,  266,  277,  282,  284 

Benjamin,  Mrs.  Dowling, 267 

Bennett,  B.  W., 209 

Bennett,  Dr.  John  K.,    178,    197,  209, 

251 

Bennett,  Volney  G., 217 

Bergen,  Hon.  C.  A 230,261 

Bergen,  Mrs.  S.  D., 269 

Beringer,  George  M., 45 

Bettle,  Edward, 103,  262 

Bettle,  William, 142,217 

Bingham,  Rudolphus, 

97,  129,  141,  151,  213,  258,  262 

Birdsell,  Rudolph  W, 187,  228,  230 

Birdsell,  Dr.  Sylvester, 

32,  40,  44,  52,  54,  56,  66,  83,  97,  182 

Bishop,  Seth  W...... 208 

Bishop,  Dr.  William  S., 

28,  81,  91,  93    104 
Blackwood,  Dr.  Benjamin  W. , 

8,  15,  34,  43 

Blackwood,  Dr.  John, 5 

Blackwood   Dr.  Thomas  R., 

99,  100,  117,  119,  175,  211,  273 
Blake,  Dr.  Duncan  W.  Sr.. 

39.  78,   83,  134,   208,  233.  239,  245, 
246,  250,  279 

Blake,  Dr.  Duncan  W.  Jr., 255 

Blanc,  Dr.  William 118 

Bloomfield,  Dr.  Samuel, 5 

Board.  U.S.  Pension, 177 

Boker,  William  H., 170 

Bonsall,  Henry  L,., 66,  140 

Bonwill,  Dr.  Howard  G., 223 

Borden,  Carolyn  A., 262 

Borton,  George  D., 56,  123,  180,  223 


PAGE 

Bottomley,  John  T., 103 

Bottomley,  Mrs.  John  T., 102 

Boughman,  Dr.   George  W.....H3,  193 

Bourke,  Rachel 215,  259 

Bourquin,  Frederick, 122,  140 

Bowden,  Charles  F., 146 

Bower,  Dr.  Elmer  E., u& 

Bowyer,  Charles  P., 210 

Brace,  Rev.  F.  R., 25,  140,  174,  200 

Brackett,  Prof.   C.  F., 148,  169 

Braddock,  Charles  S., 45 

Braddock,  William  H., 175,  180 

Braker,  Benjamin  F., 66 

Branin,  Dr   Henry  E., 

57.  58,  63,  64,  98,  119,   136,  140,  158, 
169,  181,  262,  277 

Bray,  Dr.  W.  S., 232,  233 

Braymer,  Dr   Orange  W., 

103,  119,  120,  144,  191,  219,  223,  229, 
235,  237,  238,  262,  263,   270,  277,  282 

Brewer ,  George , 208 

Brick,  P.  C, 102 

Bridges, 164 

Brigade : 

First  Brigade,  N.  J.  V., 6S 

Second  Brigade,  N.  J.  V., 69 

N  J.  Brigade, 67,  68 

Brooks,  Sarah, 100 

Brooks,  Mrs.  William  H 266 

Brown,  Albert  P.,  45,  124,  146,  180 

Brown,  Dr.  L,.  W.,  100 

Browning,  Benjamin  H., 102 

Browning,  G.  Genge, 146 

Browning,  Maurice, 

103,  129, 151,  187, 22S 

Bryant,  Dr.  J.  Kemper, 83,  101,  210 

Buckwalter,  Geoffrey, 187,  217 

Budd,  Hiram  E., 170 

Bunting,  DauraB., 215,  261 

Burdsall,  Frank  H., 

187,  249,  268,  272,  273 

Burdsall,  M.  G 20S 

Burling,  Col.  George  C, 73 

Burlington ,  1 

Burn s ,  Elizabeth , 255 

Bushey,  Dr.  S.  G., 

234,  241,  250,  255,  279 

Butcher,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 103 

Butler,  Catharine, 215 

Buttner,  Margaret, 255 

C 

Camden,  City  of, 

9,   10,  37,  38,  44,  53.  54.  55.  62,   109, 
122,  125,  250 

Campbell,  John,  Jr 210 

Campbell,  Mrs.  John,  Jr., 210 

Campion,  Anna  Cooper, 215 

Carles,  Dr.  Samuel, 43,  57,  66 

Carll,  Mrs.  Elmer  J.,  268 


Index. 


291 


PAGE 

Carman,  D.  Cooper, 203 

Carpenter,  Thomas  P.,  91,  102 

Carrow,  Howard, 103,  265 

Carson,  J.  R., 277 

Carter,  Hannah  F., 142 

Casperson,  Dr.  Robert, 190,  197,  230 

Cattell,  Alexander  G., 217 

Cattell,  Elijah  G., 102 

Census,  Medical  of  Camden  County, 
15.  33.  I",  113,  154,  163,  165,  240 

Censors,  N.  J.  State  Medical, 21 

Centennial ,  The, 144 

Chamberlain,  Mrs.  W.  H., 210 

Chambers,  David  M., 

67,  103,  152,  187,  213,  217,  228,  258 

Chambre,  Rev.  A.  St.  John, 71 

Chew,  Dr.  Ezekiel  C, 8,  32 

Chew,  Dr.  Henry  F.,...8o,  96,  118,  120 
Children,  Camden  Home  for  Friendless, 

102,  262 
Cholera, 

25,  43,  46,  52,  86,  87,  94,  no,  139, 
192,  234 

Christine,  Dr.  William  B., 119,  281 

Church,  St.  Paul's  P.  E-, 8,  106 

Clark,  Dr.  C.  F., 6,  149 

Clawson,  Dr.  J.  E., 153 

Clement,  Dr.  Evan, 5 

Clement,  Maria  M., 143 

Clement,  Mrs.  William  E-, 267 

Clinics,  Medical, 130,  186,  273 

Club,  Cooper  Medical, 283 

Coates,  Dr.  Reynell, 

38,  66,  88,  109,  119,  122,  225 

Cochran ,  Samuel , 45 

Cceliotomy, 242 

Coffin,  E.  W., 209 

Cohen,  Dr.  J.  Solis, 157 

Cohen,  Dr.  Nathan  A 118,  280 

Cohn,  E.  N., 210,  217 

Coles,  Dr.  Abram, 86 

Coles,  George  W., 210 

Coles,  J.  Stokes, 170,  206 

Coles,  S.  T., 208 

Coles,  W.  D., 208 

College : 

Allegheny, 225,  238 

Amherst, 62 

Dickinson , 223 

Lafayette , 1 96 

Lebanon, 223 

Princeton , 1 08 ,  253 

Rutgers 16,  200 

Swarthmore, 175,  233,  240 

Waterville, 131 

Williams, 88 

Yale, 34 

Colleges : 

Literary, 284 

Medical , 99 ,  284 

Veterinary , 2  84 


Collins,  Mrs.  Annie  H., 263 

Collins,  Dr.  William  T., 

80,  119,  123,  217,  223,  239 

Collins,  Mrs.  William  T., 278 

Comfort,  Dr.  J.  J., 93.94.  136 

Commission,  State  Health, 127,  139 

Commission,  State  Sanitary,.... 95,  139 

Company,  West  Jersey  Title, 228 

Congress : 

Fifth  International  Medical, 

138,  144 

Homoeopathic  Medical, 145 

Ninth  International  Medical, 215 

Pan-American  Medical , 275 

Connell,  Mary  L., 263 

Consumption, 60,  190,  194,  252 

Convention ,  Geneva, 78 

Cooper,  Alexander,...  141,  212,  213,  258 
Cooper,  Dr.  Clark  J.,.  98,  100,  117,  120 

Cooper,  David  E. , 142 

Cooper,  Elizabeth  B., 141,  212 

Cooper,  Esther  L-, 129 

Cooper,  Howard  M., 142,  217,  228 

Cooper,  Dr.  Isaac, 100 

Cooper,  John , 142 

Cooper,  Joseph  B., 

107,  129,  141,  151,  152,  187,  188,  213, 
228,  258 

Cooper,  Joseph  W. , 107 

Cooper,  Mrs.  Lucy  S., 142 

Cooper,  Rachel , 229. 

Cooper,  Dr.  Richard  M. , 

8,  11,   16,   17,   18,  24,  30,  31,  40,  46,. 

52,  58,  85,  91,  95,   107,  112,   115,  126,. 
129,  139,  141,  276 

Cooper,  Richard  M., 258 

Cooper,  Sarah  W 141,  214 

Cooper,  William  B.,... 152,  188,  213,  258 

Cooper,  William  D., 141 

Cooper,  Col.  William  H., 121,  177 

Cooper,  William  J. , 142 

Cooper,  Mrs.  W.  Haco, 268 

Coroners,  Camden  County,... 39,  56,  280 
Corps,  Hospital  and  Ambulance, 

70,  78,  270 

Costello,  T.  K., 208 

Council,  Camden  City, 

166,  167,  171,  172,  188,  203 

Officers  and  Members,...  178,  211,  280 

Countryman ,  Jane, 255 

County,  Atlantic, 2,  58 

County,  Camden, 2,  9 

County,  Old  Gloucester, 1,  2 

Cowan,  N.  F., 103,  146 

Cowperthwaite,  S.  S.  E., 210 

Cow-pox, 173 

Cox,  Harry  B., 221 

Cox,  Jean  M., 279 

Cox,  John  T  , 272 

Coxe,  Dr.  Daniel, 2,  3 

Coxe,  Col.  Daniel, 98 


2g: 


History  Medical  Professioii  Camden  County. 


PAGE 

Craig,  Dr  John, 5 

Cross,  The  Red, 78 

Cullen,  Dr.  Thomas  F., 

32,  34,  40,  44,  53,  59,  63,  68,  87,  91,  92, 
98,  115,  129,  141,  150,  213,  276 

Culver,  T.  B., 272 

Culver,  Mrs.  T.  B., 267 

Curtis,  George  W.  N., 102 

Cystotomy, 214,  242,  282 

D 

Daland,  Dr.  Judson, 237 

Danenhower,  George  R., 272,  277 

Dare,  Mrs.  M.  S., 215 

Davis,  Dr.  H.  H., 

39,  56,  98,  103,  120,  143,  144.  I5i»  154, 
155,  178,  187,  190,  217,  228,  230,  238 
Davis,  Dr.  Nehemiah, 

175,  189,  223,  233,  239 
Davis,  Dr.  William  A., 

98,  132,  140,  144,  152,  153,  176,  187, 
189,  197,  202,  213,  217,  222,  228,  230, 
232,  245,  248,  259,  260,  267,  277,  284 

Davis,  Mrs.  William  A., 267 

Dayton,  A.  O 245 

Dayton,  William  C, 187 

Dean,  Dr.  Richard  C, 34,  50,  56,  81 

Death-rate : 

Camden , 247 

Camden  County, 252 

New  Jersey, 247 

DeBaun,  Dr   Edwin 256 

DeGrofft,  Dr.  E   E-, 

119,  179,  232,  235,  243,  263,  270 
DeLaCour,  Joseph  C, 

56,  92,  102,  107,  122,  124 

DeLaCour,  Joseph  L-, 124,  146,  180 

Delaplaine,  Frank  B., 249 

Delegates,  Permanent, 240,  244 

Delinquent  Patients,  40,  89 

Dentists,  Camden  County, 118,  285 

Dentistry,  N.J.  State  Board  of, 118 

Depuy,  Watson, 217 

Derousse,  Jennie  H., 262 

Derousse,  Louis  T., 

103,  140,  146,  169,  174,  217 

Diarrhoea, 25  2 

Diarrhoea,  Kensington, 61 

Diphtheria,  135,  143,  155,  192,  250,  252 
Diploma,  N.  J.  State  Medical  Society, 

85 

Directory,  Camden  Nurse, 265 

Dispensary,  City, 54 

Dispensary,  Camden  City, 

41,  87,  89,  107,  129,  151,  166,  185, 228 

Dissection,  The  First 235 

Districts,  Medical, 21,  186 

Dobbins,  Mrs.  George, 210 

Dobson,  Dr.  A  T.,....i52,  158,  239,  241 
Donges,  Dr  Clarence  B., ...232,  255,  279 


PAGE 

Donges,  Dr.  John  W., 

80,  119,  130,  143,  151,  154,  166,  167, 
178,  189,  204,  217,  249,  277 
Doron,  Dr.  John  G., 

103,  176,  223,  230,  240,  243,  262 

Dougherty,  Caroline  T., 256 

Doughty,  Clara  M  , 278 

Downs,  Mrs.  E.  A  , 267 

Drowning,  Resuscitation  of  the, — 132 
Druggists,  Camden, 

44,  97>  143.  J74,  180 
DuBois,  Dr.  William  G. ,....101,  117, 175 

Dudley,  Edward 217 

Duffield,  Dr.  J.  E., 118 

Dunham,  Mrs.  Charles  S., 266 

Dunmire,  Annie  T.,  215 

Dysentery, 41,  52,  54,  113 


Eastlack,  J.  R., 217 

Eaton,  Dr.  Frederick  M., 

101,  117,  224,  273,  278 

Eclectics, 113 

Education,  Camden  Board  of, 

56,  83,  97,  126,  280 

Education,  N.  J.  State  Board  of 126 

Education,  Medical, 

21,  23,  35,  36,  159,  198 
Educational  Interests, 

55>  56,  83,  97,  122,  144 

Edwards,  Dr.  Joseph  F., 248 

Edwards,  Dr.  Joseph  G., 100 

Elector,  Presidential, 223 

EUisburg, ...52 

Elmer,  Dr.  William, 58 

Elverson,  Mrs  Joseph, 102 

Empyema, 194,  197 

Enactments,  Medical,. ..35,  41,  162,  221 
Epidemics, 

25, 43,  46,  51,  52,  58,  61,  62,  63,  64,  87, 

94,  no,  112,  114,  122,  135,   139,  143, 

155.  165,  192,  271 

Erdman,  Mrs.  Daniel, 277 

Essayists,  Medical, 

59,  60,  86,  139,  198,  200,  243 

Ether-bottle,  Will's, 283 

Ethics,  Code  of, 

16,  23,  40,  100,  no,  192 

Evans,  Hettie  G., 142 

Evans,  Joseph  G., 206 

Evans,  Lottie  M., 260 

Evans,  William  J., 142 

Examinations,  Medical, 

24,  29,  35,  42,  160 

Examination,  Post-mortem, 88,  89 

Examiners,    N.    J.    State     Board     of 

Medical, 160,  198,  200,  238,  253 

Experts,  Medical, 115,  156 

Eyre,  Mary  E., 142 


Index. 


293 


Fair,  The  Sanitary, 78 

Fallon,  Irene  T., 215 

Farnham,  Mrs.  L.  E-, 267 

Farr,  Edward  L-, 142 

Farrar,  Dr.  J.  C, 284 

Farrell,  John, 217 

Fee-bill, 16 

Fees : 

Censors, 16 

Diploma, 19 

Emergency , 32 

Licentiate, 34 

Obstetric, 62,  88,  109 

Professional , 62 ,  109 

Fellows,  N.  J.  State  Medical  Society, 

31.47 

Felton,  Mrs.  George  G.,...: 102 

Felton,  Mrs.  May  I., 267 

Fevers  : 

Intermittent, 41,  65,  112 

Malarial, 51,  64,  135 

Remitting, 33,  41,  254 

Scarlet, 112,  155,  249,  254 

Spotted, 62,  65 

Typhoid, 41,  135,  193,  246,  249, 

252,  254 

Typhus, 155,  168,  180,  193 

Yellow, 41,  51,  131 

Few  Smith,  Eliza  L., 102 

Fines, 92 

Finlaw,  Mrs.  George, 267 

Fish,  Mrs.  Israel, 267 

Fisler,  Dr.  Lorenzo  F., 

6,  13,  17,  19,  25,  38,  40,  54,  78,  87,  91, 
94,  124,  178 
Fithiau,  Dr.  Joel  W., 

123,  233,  240,  279 

Fithian,  Dr.  Joseph, 6 

Fitzwater,  Sarah, 102 

Forceps : 

Baer 's 283 

Benjamin's  Obstetrical, 195,  283 

Obstetric, 116 

Will's, 283 

Formad,  Dr.  Henry  F., 169 

Fortiner,  Dr.  B.  E 118 

Fortiner,  Dr.  George  R. , 

98,  99,  101,   117,  144,   146,  205,  220, 
223,  249,  250 

Fortiner,  H.  S., 146,  220 

Fortiner,  Dr.  Ida, 99.  117,  144 

Fortiner,  Mrs.  Linda  L 263 

Foster,  Dr.  J.  J., 56 

Fox, J.  B 187 

Fox,  Mattie  A., 263,  265 

Francis,  Henry  B., 140,  248,  250 

Freeman,  Mrs.  Alfred  S.,  273 

French,  Margaret  B., 142 

Frick,  Dr.  J.  Howard, 

230,  233,  263,  277,  279,  284 


Fricke,  Ida, 263 

Friends,  Society  of, 2,  13,  142 

Fry,  Mrs.  George  E., 278 


Gamble,  William  H., 114 

Garbage,  Collection  of, .....201,  205 

Gardiner,  Dr.  D.  E., 100 

Gardiner,  Dr.  D.  R., 100 

Gardiner,  Dr.  J.  W., 175 

Gardiner,  Dr.  Richard,  100 

Gardiner,  Dr.  William  G., 101 

Garrison,  Dr.  Charles G  ,...120,155,261 

Garrison,  Dr.  H.  C, 101,  278 

Garrison,  Dr.  Joseph  F., 

57,  68,  89,  93,  120,  283 

Garrison,  Samuel  B., 87,  89 

Gauntt,  Dr.  Franklin,. ..77,  114, 169,242 

Gausler,  Mrs.  A.  E., 268 

Gelston,  Dr.  William  H., 118 

George,  Dr  James  A., 101,  117,  252 

George,  Dr.  John  Oliver, 221 

Gibbon,  Dr.  Quinton, 76 

Gibson,  Charlotte  S., 215 

Gifford,  T.  I., 275 

Gill,  John, 142,  169 

Gilmore,  Mary,  255 

Gloucester  City, 2,  155,  157 

Gloucester,  Medical  Profession  of  Old, 

2,  8,  10 

Glover,  Elisha  V., T02 

Glover,  Mrs.   George, 102 

Glover,  Dr.  Lawrence  L-, 

121,  194,  i95>  223 
Godfrey,  Dr.  E.  L.  B., 

120,  130,  132,  134,  140,  144,  146,  I47> 
156,  161,  167,  173,  177,  186,  191,  194, 
200,  201,  213,  215,  219,  220,  222,  228, 
230,  238,  243,  247,  256,  259,  260,  270, 
276,  277,  282,  284 

Godfrey,  Mrs.  E.  L.  B., 217,  266 

Goitre,  Removal  of, 242 

Goldsmith,  Martin, 82,  98,  124 

Goldy,  Leander,  W., 272 

Goldy,  Mrs.  Leander  W., 102,  273 

Goodell,  Dr.  William, 114 

Gourley,  Mrs.  John, 277 

Graff,  William, 208 

Graffen,  Harris 210 

Graham,  John  R., 102 

Graw,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  B., 263 

Green,  Dr.  C.  M., 154,  155 

Green ,  Priscilla, 255 

Grey,  Samuel  H., 

67,   103,  187,  217,  230,  267 

Grey,  Mrs.  Samuel  H., 102 

Grey,  W.  H., .-. 209 

Grier,  Dr.  Lawrence  R 256 

Griffith,  Dr.  Anna,  E., 

99,   100,  117,  123,  210,  273 


294 


History  Medical  Professio?i  Camden  Coimty. 


PAGE 

Grigg,  Dr.  Jacob, 32 

Griscom,  Sarah  C., 143 

Gross,  Dr.  O.  B., 

120,  131,  132,  136,  137,  144,  147, 151, 
172,  178,  ii>8,  189,  194,  213,  217,  222, 
228,  230,  242,  259,  260,  277,  282,   284 

Gross,  Dr.  S.  D., in 

Groves,  William, 210 

Grubb,  Mrs.  John  R., 210 

Grumbrecht,  Dr.  Oscar  L,., 

101,  255,  273,  281 
Guard,  N.  J.  National. 

67.  96,  97,  121,  177,  269,  276 

Gumby,  Mary  A., 255 

Gunter,  Dr.  Guilford, 175,  196 

Gynecology 134,  222,  273 

H 

Haberstroh,  Mrs.  Carrie, 260 

Haberstroh,  Jessie  F., 260 

Hackett.  Mrs.  Josiah  S., 268 

Haddonfield, 2,  11,  12 

Hahnemann,  Dr.  Samuel, 99 

Haines,  Caroline  S., 142 

Haines,  J.  M 209 

Haines,  Dr.  Rowland  I., 

98,  119,  143,  233,  255,  281 

Haines,  Susan  S., 142 

Haines,  William,  209 

Haley,  Dr.  John  J., 177,  240,  251 

Hall,  Mrs.  M.  W., 210 

Halsey,  Dr.  L.  M., 242 

Hamilton,  Dr.  William  A., T53,  156 

Hammoni,  George  F., 204,  249 

Hampton ,  Jobn , 209 

Haney,  Dr.  John  R., 

108,  113,  122,  123,  157,  226 

Hanford,  H.  B., 103 

Hanford,  Mrs.  H.  B 268 

Hare,  Dr.  Hobart  A., 239 

Harned,  John  F.,  122 

Harned,  Thomas  B., 267 

Harned,  Mrs.  Thomas  B., 267 

Harris,  Dr.  Jacob, 5 

Harris,  Dr.  Samuel, 4,  7 

Harris,  Mrs.  Thomas  H., 267 

Hatton,  Dr.  Louis, 83 

Hayes,  J.  Henry,  217 

Health,  Boards  of: 

Camden  City,  158,  171,  188,  202,  249 

Gloucester  City 171,  250 

Haddonfield ,  25 1 

Merchantville, 171,  251 

Centre  Township 171,  251 

Delaware  Town  ship. 171,251 

Gloucester  Township, 171,  252 

Haddon  Township,  171,  251 

Pensaukin  Township, 252 

Stockton  Township, 171,  252 

Waterford  Township, 252 


PAGE 

Health  Boards  of: 

Winslow  Township, 171,  252 

Health,  N.  J.  State  Board  of, 

147,  165,  169,  170,  172,  203,  205,  249 

Hendry,  Dr.  Bowman, 6,  7,  55 

Hendry,  Dr.  Bowman,  2d., 

12,  19,  30,  63,  73,  77,  87,  91,  104 

Hendry,  Dr.  Bowman,  3d, 73,  77 

Hendry,  Dr.  Charles  D., 

8,  11,  17,  24,  32,  34,  104,  276 

Hendry,  Dr.  Thomas 5,  6 

Henry,  Dr.  George  W., 

39,  119,  174,  180,  189,  195,  230,  279 

Hernia,  60 

Heulings,  Dr.  I.  W.,  in,  114,  158 

Heyl,  Amanda, 269 

Heyl,  Charles  H., 220 

Hillman,  Abel, 170 

Hillman,  Alfred, 170 

Hinson,  Dr.  Jacob  M.,  101,  117,  273 
Hirst,  Dr.  Levi  B., 

119,  120,  177,  223,  232,  257,  281 

Hirst,  Mrs.  P.  W., 267 

Historian  : 

City  Medical  Society,  232 

County  Medical  Society, 196 

History  of  Camden,  Fisler's, 54 

History  of  Camden  City   Dispensary, 

Taylor's, 229 

History,  Camden  County  Med.  Society, 

Cooper's, 112 

History,  Camden  County  Med.  Society, 

Stevenson's,  7,  193,  194 

History, Cooper  Hospital,  Voorhees,  141 
History  of  New  Jersey,  Mulford's,  25 
Hoell,  Dr.  Conrad  G., 

98,  119,  153,  158,  223 

Hoffecker,  G.  S. 175 

Hogan,  C.  M., 210 

Holl,  George, 217 

Hollingshed,   Charles, 210 

Hollingshed,  Mrs.  Charles,  ....102,  210 

Hollingshed,  Mrs   Harry, 273 

Hollingshed ,  Thomas , 2 78 

Holloway,  Kathleen, 264 

Holmes,  Mrs.  Eva  M., 266 

Home,  Methodist  Episcopal, 277 

Homoeopathy, 

33,  34,  43,  50,  99,  «3i  n7,  165,  286 

Homoeopathy,  American  Institute  of, 

23,  43,  99,  100,  101 

Hood,  Col.  John, 267 

Hood ,  Hannah, 267 

Hoover,  Dr.  Francis,  6,  8 

Horner,  Frank , 208 

Horner,  John , 170 

Horning,  Dr.  Frank  L-, 230,  238 

Horley,  H.  M 250 

Hospital : 

Beverly,  U.  S.  A., 77 


Index. 


>95 


PAGE 

Hospital : 

Camden  County, 169 

Camden  Homoeopathic, 185,  208 

The  Cooper, 

129,   141,  211,  236,  238,  24I,  242,  257, 

282,  283 

Women  and  Children, 238 

Military, 78 

Mower,  U.  S.  A., 79,  92 

Municipal,  204 

Orthopedic,  189 

Pennsylvania, 189 

Philadelphia, 1 95 ,  236 

Presbyterian , 132 

Rhode  Island, 132 

Satterlee,  U.  S.  A., 79,  80 

Small-pox, 122,  166 

St.  Christopher's, 195 

St.  Joseph's 106 

St.  Luke's, 233 

St.  Mary's, 226 

W.  J.  Homoeopathic, 272 

U.  S.  Marine 132 

Howard,  Dr.  E.  M., 

99,  101,  117,  140,  144,  176,  210,  222, 
267,  273 

Howard,  Mrs.  E-  M.,  210,  267 

Howell,  Dr.  Benjamin  P., 6,  76 

Howell,  Dr.  Mary  Anna, 255 

House,  Perseverance  Hose, 90,  92 

Hufty,  Col.  S.  C, 146 

Hugg,  Dr.  I.  N., 80,  106 

Hunt,  Dr.  Ezra  M., 

95,  139.  147.  166,  169 
Hunt,  Dr.  Henry  F., 

83.  98,  99,  100,  117,  145,  210,  248 

Hunt,  Mrs.  Henry  F., 210 

Hunt,  Dr.  Willis  H.,  117,  120,  144,  273 

Hunter,  Dr.  James 242 

Hurff,  Dr.  Joseph  E., 

119,  170,  171,  175,  181,  193,  206,  246, 

252 

Hurff,  Mrs.  A.  D., 267 

Huston,  Jessie  E. , 264 

Hutchingson,  John, 208 

Hutton,  Arabella  B., 215 

Hydrophobia,  52 

Hygiene  : 

Section  of, 197 

Thermometry  of, 202 

Hypodermics, 93 

Hysterectomy , 214,  282 

I 

111,  Dr.  E.  J., 244,  276 

Ingersoll,  Dr.  D.  B., 161 

Inoculation , 4 

Inspector : 

City  Sanitary, 204,  250 

Meat, 250 


PAGE 

Inspector : 

Medical,  N.  G.  N.  J., 270 

Nuisance, 250 

Plumbing, 204,  250 

State  Sanitary, 172 

Institute : 

.  Peddie, 132 

Philotechnic,  97 

South  Jersey, 233 

Insurrection,  Whiskey, 7 

Internes,  Hospital , 256 

Intestines,  Exsections  of, 282 

Inventions,  Surgical,.... 195,  282 

Ireland,  Dr.  William  H., 

108,  113,  123,  130,  147,  193,  229,  230, 
277,  279 

Ironside,  Dr.  Allen  S., 101,  224,  273 

Irwin,  Dr.  A., 118 

Irwin,  Dr.  Samuel  B., 25,  132,  135 

Iszard,  Dr.  William  H., 

39,  80,   119,    133,  137,  140,  147,    154, 
196,  229,  246,  279 

Ivins,  Mahlon  F., 205,  249,  275 

Ivins,  Mrs.  M.  F., 210 

J 

Jackson,  Major  E.  J., 97 

Jackson,  Mrs.  Hannah, 267 

Jackson,  John  H. , 206 

Jail ,  Camden , 207 

Jarrett,  Dr.  Harry, 

98,  120,  213,  238,  259,  279,  284 

Jefferies,  Mrs.  Carrie, 267 

Jenkins,  Wilson  H., 267 

Jenkins,  Mrs.  Wilson  H., 267 

Jenner,  Dr.  Edward, 167 

Jennings,  Anna  E-, 255 

Jennings,  E.  Fayetta, 102,  210,  273 

Jennings,  Dr.  Charles  H.,  99,  239,  279 
Jennings,  Dr.  Napoleon  B., 

51,  57.  64,  99.  ii4.  120,  225,  277 
Jennings,  Dr.  W.  B., 

209,  234,  246,  251,  279 

Jessup,  Dr.  John  J., 17,  27,  45 

Jewett,  H.  M., 208 

Johnson,  Mrs.  John  W., 267 

Johnson,  Mary  L., 215 

Johnston,  Col.  John  R. 235 

Joline,  C.  V.  D., 264,  265 

Joline,  Mrs.  C.  V.  D., 102 

Jones,  Mrs.  Harry  L., 267- 

Jones,  Dr.  George  H., 175 

Jones,  Dr.  William  S., 

147,  178,  189,  195,  223,  230 
Jurisprudence,  Medical,...  116,  155,  156 
Justice,  Richard  S.,....56,  144,  180,  278 

K 

Kaighn ,  Cornelia  S. , 255 

Kaighn,  W.  M 275 

Kain,  C.  Henry, 140,  146 


>g6 


History  Medical  Profession  Camden  Coitnty. 


Kain,  Dr.  W.  W.,„98,  232,  236,  237,  256 

Kean,  Dr.  T.  J., 221 

Keen,  Dr.  W.  W., 157,  279 

Keilholtz,  Estelle  Noble, 264 

Kelchner,  Dr.  William  I., 

119,  232,  236,  256 

Kellum,  Mrs.  Luther  V., 210,  273 

Kemble,  Elwood  W., 130 

Kensinger,  Dr.  William, 239,279 

Ketchum,  Mary  E., 260 

Keys,  Harriett  E., 263 

Keyser,  Dr.  Peter  D., 96,  192,  248 

Kimble,  Dessie , 215 

Kimper,  Mrs.  AlliherE., 261,  265 

King,  Harriet  M., 277 

Kirk,  Dr.  Grant  E. , 

119,  232,  233,  255,  279,280 

Kirkpatrick,  Dr.  Alexander, 100 

Knerr,  Mrs  J.  H., 267 

Knight,  Mrs.  Harry, 267 

Knight,  Septimus, 203,  206 

Knowlton,  Mrs    Charles  H., 267 

Knowlton,  Dr.  William  W., 

101,  117,  256, 274,  281 
Kreh,  Cornelia  M., 264 


Lacey,  Dr.  Henry  A., 99,  255,  280 

Lacey,  Robert  T., 272 

La  Grippe, 271 

Lampson,  Dr.  Mortimer, 270 

Landis,  Dr.  Edgar  H., 221 

Dane,  D.  F., 250 

Lane,  Dr.  F.  B., 256 

Langendorf,  D.  G 210,  273,  275 

Langendorf,  Mrs.  D.  G, 2  to 

Laparotomy, 191,  214,  242,  257,  282 

Laws  .Dental , 118 

Laws,  Medical : 

^665) 3,  4 

1772) 4,  21,  160,  254 

;i783) 5 

;i786) 5 

(1790) 5 

^1816) 6,  21,  254 

;i8i8) 6,  22 

[1823) 31 

[1830) 22,  28,  60 

[1851) 20,  28,35 

[1854)  20,  31,   34,  41,  43,  46,  49,  50, 
59,  85,  160 

'1864) 60,  85 

1866) 43,  50,85,  170 

1870) '. 117 

1876) 146 

1877) 147.  272 

1878) 147 

1879) 147 

1880) 43,  156,  160,  162,  164,  250 

1881) 164 


Laws,  Medical  : 

(1882) 164 

(1883) 160.   162,  164,  205 

(1884) ' 117,  165 

(1885) 146,  162 

(1889).. 221 

(1890) 160,  254 

(1892) 255 

(1894) 256 

Laws  : 

Midwifery, 255 

Medico-Military, 269 

Nurses, 261 

Pharmaceutical, 124 

Quarantine, 53 

Sanitary, '. 202,  248 

Veterin  ary , 221 

Lawson,  Rev.  Dr.  A.  G., 262,  264 

Learning,  Dr.  Jonathan, 76 

Leavitt,  Dr.  JohnF.,...i9i,  230,  277,  279 
Leckner,  Dr.  John  D., 

39.  56,  98,  101, 117,  120,  142, 144, 178, 

203,  204,  2JCI,  249 

Lectureships,  Medical, 146,  182,222 

Ledington,  H.  K., 209 

Lee,  Emmor  H., 124,  143 

Legacies : 

Alexander  Cooper , 258 

Elizabeth  B.  Cooper, 141,  185 

Esther  L.  Cooper, 108,  129 

Joseph  B.  Cooper, 188,  228 

Rachel  Cooper, 229 

Dr.  Richard  M.  Cooper, 

108,  115,  128,  129,  133,  141 

Sarah  W.  Cooper 141 

William  B.  Cooper, 188 

John  Morgan, 152,  181,  185 

Legion,  Order  of  Loyal, 96,  145 

Legislature,  Members  of, 280 

Lehman,  J.  E., 123,  180 

Lewis,  Dr.  Benjamin  S., 

119,  140,  178,  230,  232,  239,  241,  247, 
248,  250,  278,  279 

Lewis,  Clara  I., 264 

Lewis.  Mrs.  George  I., 267 

Levis,  S.  Virginia 264 

Librarian,  City  Medical  Society,...  190 
Libraries  : 

R.  M.  Cooper  Medical, 128 

I.  B.  Mulford  Medical 182 

Medical  Society  of  N.  J., 199 

Lippincott,  Dr   A.  H, 

98,  234,  235,  236,  242,  255,  279 

Lippincott,  Helen, 142 

Literature,  The  Physician  in,.. .86,  239 

Litholapaxy , 242 ,  282 

Long,  Dr.  William  S., 

119,  195,  196,  206,  223 

Longland,  Mrs.  R.  R., 267 

Lore,  Mrs  W.  C, 267 


Inde: 


297 


Love,  Dr.  J.  H.  H.( 2i9 

Lowe,  Isaac  L., I02 

Lucas,  John, "j,, 

Lummis,  Dr.  Dayton , 5    6 


an 

Macfarland,  Dr.  B.  W., 214   259   284 

MacPherson,  Frank  S......  i42 

Maher,  Dr.  John  J., 221 

Malaria, 5I    ^V  """  '' 

Malin,  Dr.  H.  H., ?..'.. .*[$   So 

Mann,  Lucy  C, 261 

Marcy,  Dr.  Alexander, 

59,  62,  65,  66,  83,  88,  91,  93,  98,   107, 
"3.  130,  134,  151,  185,  224,  233,  240, 

246 
Marcy,  Dr.  Frederick  W., 


Marcy,  Dr.  John  W., 


242,  256,  259,  284 


™    1  ,         .,,  "'  J95-  223.  246,  251 

Markley,  Albert  W., i4I    213 

Markley,  Major  Hamilton, '    96 

Marsh,  Dr.  F.  J., 148,  245,  27s 

Marshall,  Dr.  J.  C, 24s 

Marshall,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  W., 263 

Martin,  Dr.  William,  .....U^^g,  284 

Martindale,  Isaac  C, 122,  146'  217 

Martindale,  Dr.  Joseph  W.,...'..257'  281 

Masonry, 98>  9g>  „4j  I2Q 

Mayor  of  Camden, 

M     ,  T  . ,  IO>  38,  125,  250,  280 

Mayhew,  Lida, 277 

Mead,  William  T., '.'" 2oi 

Mealy,  Patrick, 2o9,"25o 

Mecray,  Dr.  Alexander  M., 
56,  80,  88,  93,  94,  98,  99,  106, 107,  120, 
122,  129,  131,  151,  i54)  ^7,  213,  228, 
230,  238,  259,  260,  279,  284 

Mecray,  Dr.  Paul  M., 257,  259,  284 

Mehr,  Col.  John  F., ......„.!.  245 

Medicine,  American  Academy  of,     14^ 
Meeteer,  Mrs.  Joseph  C......      210   273 

Melcher,  Dr.  William  P., 

J3°i  I3Ij  132,  134,  137,  2-?q 

Merchantville „.....„.  Si 

Meredith,  J.  A., '2o8 

Michellon,  Frank  F., ^67 

Michellon,  James  P., 167 

Middleton,  Dr.  M.  F., 

56,  98,  99,  100,  117,  122,  144,  146,  178, 

2IO       2^0 

Middleton,  Mrs.  M.  F., !.2io 

Midwives, 7    2-<a    2^ 

Miles,  Dr.  B.  Fullerton^.'.!'.!...'...^:.'    32 
Military,... 2,  4,  27,  56,  67,  81,  96,   121, 

^•,1     t                                    x76»  177.  218 
Milk,  Impure 201 

Miller,  Herman  W., 122/204,  240 

Miller,  Dr.  John  S., 1,0    i» 

Miller,  Col.  Mathew, .    '    68 

Miller,  Dr.  Morris  B., 259 


Miller,  Mrs.  R.  T., 269 

Miller,  SallieJ., '26z 

Miller,  Dr.  W.  B.  E., 

80,  140,  178,  204,  221,  246,  248,  250 
Miller,  Dr.  William  E., 

232,  237,  257,  281 

Milliette,  A.  J., 130,  167,  170 

Milliette,  Mrs.  A.  J., 267 

Mills,  Dr.  Charles  K., i57 

Mines,  Dr.  Marcus  K., 257,  281 

Missionary , 1 4g 

Mitchell,  Dr.  Henry, ".'.'"""201 

Mitchell,  Dr.  S.  B.  W. 96 

Molan,  Mrs.  0.  C, 267 

Molineaux,  George, 209 

Monstrosity, 1?  7 

Moody,  Edward  F., 220 

Moore,  Dr.  Enoch  H., 221 

Morgan,  John, 92,  107,  129,  151,  181 

Morgan,  J.  Willard,  130,203 

Morgan,  Dr.  Randal  W., 

108,  in,  122,  123,  147,  1S4 

Morgan,  Dr   W.  W., 118 

Morrison,  Mrs.  S.  H., 210 

Morton,  Mrs.  Elmer, 267 

Morton,  Dr.  Thomas  G., .194 

Moses,  Arnold  H., 133,  248 

Moses,  William  H., '.206 

Moslander,  Dr.  William  S. , 

98,  101,  117,  224,  250,  277 

Mosley,  Elizabeth, 255 

Mulford,  Dr.  Isaac  B., 

108,  no,  113,  121,  130,  132,  133,  143, 

144.  151.  155.  177,  189,  277 
Mulford,  Dr.  IsaacS., 

6,  8,  9,  16,  17,  25,  30,  31,  40,  41,  45, 
46.  55.  67.  87,  91,  no,  125,  276 

Mulford,  Dr.  W.  C, 8,  98,  123 

Mulford,  Mrs.  Thomas  E  , 269 

Munger,  George  A., 103 

Munger,  Mrs.  George  A., 273 

Muschamp,  Stanley  C, 

56,  143,  180,  224 

Myers,  Elinor, 215 

McAlister,  Dr.  Alexander, 

103,  142,  143,  186,  189,  195,  217,  223, 
23°>  233,  242,  246,  279,  282 

McCuen,  Dr.  G.  Hudson, 284 

McCullough,  Dr.  Joseph  W., 

79'  II3,  x54>  158,  169,  180 

McCully,  A ....217 

McGeorge,  Dr.  Emerson  P., 

ior,  257  281 
McGeorge,  Dr.  Wallace, 

99,  100,  117,  119,  142,  274,  278,  281 

McGill,  Dr.  E.  K., ..101,  117 

McGill,  Dr.  John  D 218,  219,  269 

McGrath ,  Dr.  John  M. , 96 

McKeen,  Col.  Thomas, 

68,  87,89,  107,  114,  129,  151, 152,  183 


298 


History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 


McKelway,  Dr.  A.  J., 71-77,  224 

McKensie,  Dr.  G.  W.,  Jr., 257 

N 

Narcotism, 116 

Navy,  U.  S. 27,56,81 

Navy,  Medical  Department, 55 

Neall,  Dr.  D.  W., 118 

Neeley,  Belle, 214 

Nesbitt,  Jennie, 267 

Newell,  Dr.  William  L.,----74,  255,  256 

Newkirk,  Matthew, 102 

New  Jersey : 

Colony  of, 2,  4 

Constitution  of, 10 

East  and  West, 2 

Governor  of, 47 

State  of, 2 

Nichols,  Clayton  W., 272,  275 

Nicholson,  Dr.  Joseph  L., 

103,  222,  232,  236,  259,  282,  284 

Nicholson,  Mrs.  Joseph  L. , 102 

Nicholson,  W.  C, 208 

Nixon,  Mrs.  M.  E 267 

Noel,  Dr.  J.  R., 259 

Northrop,  Ida 267 

Northrop,  Mrs.  S.  E., 209,  266,  273 

Nurses : 

Cooper  Hospital  Training  School, 

214 
N.J.  Training  School, 103,  259 

O 

Oakley,  Dr.  Lewis  W., 97 

Obstetrics, 62,  88,  109,  116,  133,  182 

Odd  Fellows, 59,  119 

Ogden,  Charles  S  , 270 

Ogden,  Charlotte  A., 261,  265 

Okie,  Dr.  R.  B., 108,  113 

Olcutt,  Col.  George  P., 247 

Operations,  Major  Surgical, 282 

Orphanage,  West  Jersey,.. 142 

Osborne,  Dr.  Joseph  D., 219 

Osmun,  Dr.  Milton  M.....230,  257,  280 

Osmun,  Dr.  W.  F.  H., 232    239,  279 

Ossium,  Fragilitas, 88 

Otto,  Dr.  Bodo, 5 

Ovariotomy, 190,  214,  282 

Owen ,  James, 247 

F= 
Palm,  Dr.  Howard  F., 

151,  154,  157,  175,  178.  186,  228,  230, 
232,  238,  240,  277,  279 
Pancoast,  Dr.  D.  P., 

79,  98,  108,  no,   113,   123,   129,   131, 
J36,  151,  180,  213,  277,  284 

Pancoast,  Dr.  Joseph, in 

Parham,  Dr.  William, 8,  57 

Parish,  Dr.  W.  H., 260 

Parker,  Mrs.  Anna, 278 

Parker,  Charlotte  E., 215 


Parker,  J.  Edgar 208 

Parsons,  Dr.  R.  H., 239 

Party  : 

Democratic 66 

Free  Soil, 39,  66 

Native  American, 38,  66 

Republican, 39,  66 

Whig, 66 

Patterson,   Lillian  F., 262 

Patton,  Walter  M., 272 

Patton,  Mrs.  W.  M., 210,  273 

Peacock,  Ada, 210 

Peacock,  Dr.  Robert  H., 101,  175 

Pearson,  Dr.  Leonard, 221 

Pechin,  GeorgeJ 98,  278 

Pedigree,  Edward  C, 206 

Pedigree,  Charles, 209 

Pepper,  Dr.  William, 

169,  193,  260,  274,  276 

Perkins,  Dr.  C.  W., 100 

Pfeiffer,  Dr.  Frederick  P., 

80,  98,  106,  120,  167,  178 
Pfeiffer,  Dr.  G.  S.  F., 

45,  77,  100,  146,  176,  183,  222 

Pharmacopcea,  U.  S 243 

Pharmacy  : 

College  of, 284 

N.J.  State  Board  of, 124,  287 

Phelan,  Dr.  Edward, 

234,  236,  243,  255,  279 

Phillips,  Dr.  E.  K., 100 

Phillips,  T.  J.  W., 230,  266 

Philosophy : 

Bachelor  of, 132 

Doctor  of, 184,  238 

Physician,  County, 146 

Pierson,  Dr.  William,  Sr., 86 

Pierson,  Dr.  William,  Jr., 86 

Piatt,  Catherine, 261 

Plumber,  B...... 277 

Pneumonia, 133 

Politics, 

9,  37.  55,  58.  61,  63,  65,  178,  2S0 

Port,  Collector  of, 223 

Portraits,  Medical , 236 

Potts,   Robert  B., 102 

Poverty,  Society  for  Relief  of, 187 

Powell,  Mrs.  Grace  E., 260 

Powell,  Dr.  William  R., 

98,  103,  120,  189,   223,  230,  239,  259, 

262 
Pratt,  Dr   William  H., 

103,  232,  236,  237,  256,  263 
Pregnancy,  Extra-uterine, 

88,  113,  257,  282 
Presley,  Dr.  Sophia, 

142,  143,   175,  232,  236,  238,  277,  279 

Prince,  Mrs.  Charles  L-, 268,  273 

Professorships,  Medical, 183,  222 


Index. 


299 


Pugh,  Dr.  J.  Howard, 77 

Pvothorax,  158 

Q 

Quinby,  Dr.  I.  N., 217 

Quint,  Dr.  Silas,  H., 

101,  117,  120,  123,  136,  210,  217,  278 
Quint,  Mrs.  Silas  H., 210 

F2 

Railroads  : 

Camden  and  Atlantic, 

133.  !37,  245.  282 

Camden  and  Amboy, 282 

Philadelphia  and  Atlantic  City,    245 

West  Jersey, 138 

Raughley,  Dr.  William  C, 175 

Read,  Edmund  E., 102 

Read,  E.  E.,Jr., 140,  146,  187 

Read,  Joseph  J., 91,   103 

Read,  Mrs.  Joseph  J., 102 

Read,  Mrs.  W.  T., 267 

Reading,  Dr.  George  E., 242 

Record,  Dr.  E.  J., 16,  34,  43 

Red  Bank,  Battleof, 5 

Reed,  Dr.  Boardman, 161,  245,  265 

Reese,  Dr.  Eeolf, 209,  252,  281 

Reeve,  Augustus, 141, 142,  213,  258 

Reeve,  Benjamin  C, 142,  187,  217 

Reeve,  Elizabeth  C, 143 

Reeve,  Mary  R.  C, 143 

Reeve,  Rebecca  C  , 142 

Reeve,  Rebecca  C.  W., 142 

Reeve,  Rebecca  H.  C, 143 

Reeve,  Richard  H., 

140,  142,  152,  185,  213,  217,  228,  247, 

258 
Regiments : 

Eighth,  N.J.  V., 71,  79 

Fifth,  N.J.  V. 72,  79 

Fourth,  N.J.  V., 72,  79 

Second,  N.J.  V., 68 

Sixth,  N.  J.  V. 73,  79 

Sixth,  N.  G.  N.  J., 121,  218,  270 

Twenty-fourth,  N.J.  V., 74,  79 

Registration,  Medical, 

156,   162,  165,  205,  20S,  284 

Reinboth,  Joseph  D. , 102 

Reporter,  N.  J.  Medical  and  Surgical, 

49 

Republic,'  Grand  Army  of  the 145 

Revell,  Florence  E., 262 

Revolution : 

Sons  of  the  American, 220 

War  of  the 2,  5 

Rex,  Mrs.  F.  A., 267 

Reynolds,  Maud  F., 215 

Rheumatism , 1 93 

Rhoads ,  Charles , 103 

Rhoads,  Mrs.  Charles, 102 

Richards,  U.  F., 122,  278 


PAGE 

Richardson,  Amelia  Y., 215,  263 

Richardson,  Mrs.  Emma  R 260,  265 

Rickards,  Dr.  Jennie, 175 

Ridge,  Dr.  James  M., 

56,  57.  83.   86,  88,  91,   93-  107,  119, 

122,  129,  136,  138,  144,  145.  148,  178, 

217,  230,  240,  246 

Ringel,  Simeon  T. ,    83,  124,  180 

Risley,  D.  Somers, 278 

Risley,  Dr.  James  C, 8,  11,  16,  17 

Roberts,  Eugene  B., 205,  249 

Roberts,  Dr.  John  B., 264 

Roberts,  J.  E., 210,  277 

Roberts,  S.  E., 210 

Robinson,  Edith  M 264 

Robinson,  Dr.  George  T., 

98,  103,  146,  152,  153,  177,  186,  193, 

218,  222,  230,  232,  234,  235,  238,  259, 

260, 279,  284 

Rogers,  Mrs.  John  C. 210 

Roop,  Mrs.  Franklin, 210 

Rorer,  Mrs.  J.  H., 267 

Rose,  Wilbur  F., 167,  187,  217 

Rowand,  Dr.  Thomas  G., 

39,45,56,  67,   74,  97,   99,   no,   134. 
146,  222 

Rudderow,  Samuel  G., 272 

Russell,  E.  A., 208 

Russell,  Mrs.  Samuel, 210 

Ryerson,  Dr.  John  G., 247 

S 

Salem, 1 

Samson,  Mrs   Charles, 267 

Sanitation,  Camden  City, 166,  204 

Sanitation  in  New  Jersey,  95,  139,  248 
Sartori,  Dr.  Charles  W., 

56,  82,  98,  121,  122,  148 

Satterthwaite,  Margaret  W., 262 

Saunders,  Dr.  T.  J 6 

Schellenger,  Dr.  C.  M., 

98,  131,  151,  154,  155.  166,  279 
Schellenger,  Dr.  E.  A.  Y., 

103,  232,  236,  243,  255,  259,  263,  284 
Schenck,  Dr.  John  V., 

16,  24,  40,  51,  52,  54,  65,  86,  88,  91, 
107,  114,  116,  129,  138,  151,  181,213, 

276 

Schenck.  Dr.  Peter  V.,  69,  93,  225 

Schofield,  Dr.  A.  H., 259 

Schools : 

Harvard  Medical, 144 

Haddonfield  Training, 278 

Philadelphia  High,  62,  65 

Public 55.  97.  202 

Scovel,  Col.  James  M., 76>  I21 

Scull,  Mrs  L,aura  W. 143 

Scull,  H.  S., 210 

Scull,  Mrs.  H.  S., 210 

Secretary,  N.  J.  Med.  Society,  Corres- 
ponding,   245 


300 


History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 


Section  : 

Abdominal, 190,  242,  244,  282 

Caesarian,  257,  282 

Seddinger,  Charles  K.,  208 

Seeds,  Mrs.  John  A., 269 

Sellers,  Dr  A.  T  , 221,  248 

Sellers,  Dr.  Jesse, 41 

Seminary,  Pennington, 12,  152 

Senn,  Dr.  Nicholas, 220 

Senseman ,  Emelius , 272 

Settlements : 

Dutch, 1 

English 1 

Swedish, 1 

Severns,  William,  103 

Sewell,  Gen.  William  J., 

75,  96,  121,  161,  177,  178,  187,  262 

Sewell,  Mrs.  W.  J., 269 

Seymour,  J.  F., 277 

Shafer,  Dr.  William, 

140,  175,  190.  195,  230,  250,  278,  279 

Shakspeare,  Dr.  E   O., 248 

Sharp,  Mrs.  Annie  S., 142 

Sharp,  Dr.  Edgar  B  , 101,  119,  144 

Sharp,  Edward  W., 272 

Sharp,  Mrs.  Horace  M., 102 

Sharp,  Mrs.  Howard  R.,  266,  268 

Sharp,  Dr.  L.  L., 98,  120 

Sharpless,  Harvey, 142 

Shelmire,  Mrs.  J.  H., 273 

Sheppard,  Ruth  E 261,  263,  265 

Sherk,  Dr.  Harry  H., 

190,  197,  223,  233,  242,  279,  282 

Shinn,  Dr.  Charles  T., 255 

Shivers,  Dr.  Bowman  H., 

57,  83,  99,  100,  117,  279 
Shivers,  Dr.  Charles  H., 

114,  121.  123,  154,  196 
Shoemaker,  Dr.  John  V., 

i57>  T9r>  239.  24i 

Shreeve,  D   A., 209 

Shreve,  Dr.  Joseph, 100 

Sickler,  J.  B., 209 

Sickler,  Dr.  J.  R., 6,  8,  10,  58 

Simmerman,  Mathias, 170 

Simmons,  Mrs.  Clorinda  H.,  262,  265 

Skull.  Fracture  of, 156,  242 

Slavery,   65-67 

Slocum,  Dr.  W.  H., 256 

Slough,  Charles  E., 180 

Small- pox, 

61,  63,  64,   107,   114,   122,   155,    165, 

168,  173,  204 

Smallwood,  Dr.  R.  M.....I7,  28,  34,  56 

Smiley,  Dr.  E.  R., 39,  175 

Smith,  Abel 187 

Smith,  Dr.  Frederick  M., 118 

Smith,  Dr.  George  A., 221 

Smith,  Dr.  H.  A.  M.,„93,  135,  233,  241 

Sm  ith,  Jeremiah, 91 

Smith,  Mary  Carpenter, 264 


Smith,  Dr.  S.  Bryan, 

99,  101,  117,  224,  266,  278 
Smith,  Dr.  Thomas  J.,... 88,  91,  93,  243 

Smock,  J.  C, 247 

Snitcher,  Dr.  Elijah  J., 

123,  131,  132,  134,  152,  153,  227 
Snowden,  Dr.  John  W., 

17,  27,  50,  133,  154,  161,  227,  277 

Snyder,  Henry  M., 204,  249 

Society,  Camden  City  Medical, 

40,  52,  60,  87,  108,  131,  153,  165, 
188, 232 

In  Cholera  Epidemic, 94 

Constitution, 40,  190 

Essayist,  189 

Fee-Bill, 54 

Fees, 62,  88,  109 

Honorary  Members, 89,  191 

Limitation  of  Membership, 40 

Monthly  Meetings, 189 

Organization  of  City  Board  of 

Health, 188,  203 

Organization    of   the   Camden 

City  Dispensary , 90 

Re-organization , 109,  153 

Rooms  of  the  Society, 90 

Suspension  of  Meetings, 153 

Voluntary  Organization, 41 

Society,    Camden    City    Medical    and 

Surgical, 279 

Society,  Camden  County  Bible, 25 

Society  Camden  District  Medical, 

10,  31,  50,  63,  92,  no,   133,    154, 
163,  179,  191,  216,  237 

Annual  Meeting, 12,  134 

Banquet  to  N.  J.  Med.  Society, 

133.  *37 

Censors, 18,  22,  46,  58,  134,  154 

Code  of  Ethics, 16 

Committee  of  Arrangements, 135 

Complimentary  Trains, 

133,  i37>  138 
Constitution, 

n,  31,  34,  93,  134,  195,  196 

Cooper  Legacy, 115,  128 

Cor  responding  Societies, 113 

Dues, 16,  92 

Expulsion  of  Members, 50 

February  Meeting, 

158,  191 ;  193,  196 

Fee-Bill 16 

Fees, 34 

History, 15.  94 

Honorary  Members, 

93,  in,  113,  155,  158,  197 

Limitation  of  Membership,  34 

Medical  Census, 

15.  32,  33.  112,  113,  154,  163 

Meetings  outside  of  County, 242 

Office    of    President    declared 
vacant, 16 


Index. 


301 


Society,  Camden  District  Medical : 

Organization 10-12,  18 

Permanent  President, 115 

Sections, 133 ,  197 

Semi-Annual  Meeting, 

„        ,.  I2>  32,  114.  134 

Standing  Committee, 33,  134,  135 

Term  of  Office 31 

Society,  Camden  Microscopical, 146 

Society,  Delaware  State  Medical, ...223 
Society,  Gloucester  District  Medical,  6 
Society,  Medical,  of  New  Jersey, 

17,  27,  46,  58,  85,   115,    137,    160, 

IQ7.  199.  243 
Censors, 

18,  21-23,  27,  46,  49,  58,  60,  85 

Centennial  Anniversary, 85 

Complimentary  R.  R.  Trains, 

133.  I37,  138.  245 

Corresponding  Secretary , 245 

Corresponding  State  Societies, 58 

Diploma, 19,  27,  30,  85 

District  Societies, 6,  18,  21,  22,  86 

Essayists, 

59,  60,  86,  139,  198,  200,  243 

Fellows, 31,  47 

1  ncorporation , 5 ,  85 

Incorporators,. 5 ,  7 

Licentiate  Fees, 34,  49 

Medical  Degree 85 

Meetings  at  Atlantic  City, 

116, 137,  161,  245 
Meetings  in  Camden,  19,  59, 62,  63,  65 

Meetings  at  Cape  May, 138,  162 

Nominating  Committee, 49 

Organization, 4,  21,  85 

Permanent  Delegates, 240,  244 

Presidents 29,  46,  115,  138 

Re-incorporation, 21,  85 

Re-organization, 60,  85 

Semi-Annual  Meetings, 18,  29 

Special  Meeting 31,  34 

Standing  Committee. 

18,  30,  58,  244,  246 

Suspended  Meetings, 5 

Transactions 49 ,  1 99 

Society,  N.J.  Historical, 223 

Society,  N.J.  Pharmaceutical 180 

Society,  N.  J.  State  Dental 118 

Society,  N.  J.  State  Homoeopathic 

Medical, 43,  100,  145 

Society,  Philadelphia  County  Medical, 

r79 
Society,  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 

Children 217 

Society ,  Relief  of  Poverty , 1 87 

Society,  Relief  of  Widows  and 

Orphans  of  Medical  Men, 19,  179 

Society,  N.  J.  Homoeopathic 

Medical 100,  112,  117 

Speakman,  H.  D., 217 


PAGE 

Spectroscope , 234 

Speculum,  Baer's, 233 

Stanton,  Dr.  James  G-, 39,  175,  239 

Stanton,  Dr.  James  H., 175 

Starr,  Jesse  W. , 102 

Starr,  Hon.  John  F. , 76,  103 

Starr,  Mrs.  John  F., 102,  217 

Starr,  Mrs.  John  F.  Jr., 267,  273 

Statistics,  Vital, 208,  252 

Stebbins,  May  E 261,  265 

Steelman,  Emma  L., 215 

Steer,  E.  J-, 250 

Stern,  Mrs.  Betty, 257 

Stevens,  James  H., 102 

Stevenson,  Charles, 208 

Stevenson,  Charles  R., 217 

Stevenson,  Dr.  John  R., 

59.  62,  65,  76,  78,  83,  87,  91,  94,  146, 

!92,    193,    197,    200,  223,    233,    242, 

247,  251 

Stevenson,  R.  B., 170 

Stevenson,  Richard  G., 144 

Steward ,  Hospital , 270 

Steward,  Joseph  S . , 208 

Stewart,  George  D., 251 

Stiles,  Jennie  H., 215 

Stimson,  S.  M., 102 

Stites,  Dr.  J.  K.  F., 259 

Stock,  Dr.  J.  F., 45,  232,  234,  241 

Stout,  Dr.  Daniel  M......I2,  19,  83,  163 

Stout,  Dr.  H.  A., 242 

Stowe,  Kate, 214 

Stoy,  John, 208 

Stradling,  J.  M., 210 

Stradling,  Mrs.  J.  M., 210 

Stratton,  Charles  P., 141,  2(3 

Stratton,  Dr.  James, 5,  10 

Street,  Dr.  A.  E., 118,  176,  210,277 

Street,  Dr.  Charles  W., 11S 

Street,  Dr.  Christopher  S., 118 

Street,  Dr.  T.  G., 100 

Street,  L.  H., 180 

Street,  Dr.  Marvin  A., 118 

Strickland,  Rev.  W.  C, ..217 

Strock,  Dr  Daniel, 

140,  175,  189,  193,  201,  218,  219,  220, 

222,  230,  232,  241,  242,  246,  247,  248, 

258>  259.  260,  270,  276,  282,  284 

Stroud,  Dr.  F.  G., 186,  189,  196,  279 

Sullivan,  Dr.  John  I,., 93 

Surgeons : 

National  Guard,  N.  J.,  97,  121,  177, 

269 

N.  J.  Military,  Order  of, 218,  269 

Railroad , 1 92 ,  1 95 

Revolutionary, 5 

U.  S.  Army, 69,  77,  255 

U.  S.  Navy, 81 

U.  S.  Pension, 177 

Veterinary, 221 


302 


History  Medical  Profession  Camden  County. 


Surgeon  General  of  N.J.  ,..97,  218,  269 
Surgeon  General  of  N.   J.,  Assistant, 

271 
Surgery : 

Abdominal, 244 

Antiseptic, 190,  194,  199 

Major, 282 

Sutton,  B.  Frank, 210 

Sutton,  Dr.  John  H., 175,  217 

Sweeten,  Susan, 255 

Synnott,  Dr.  Martin  S., 8,  149 

Synnott,  Thomas  W., 142 

T 

Tallman,  Dr.  Benjamin, 5 

Tarns,  Mrs.  Ida  Virginia, 264 

Taylor,  George  E., 103 

Taylor,  Mrs.  George  E., 210 

Taylor,  Dr.  H.  Genet, 

58,  60,  61,  63,  65,  70,  77,  83,  91,  93, 
96>  97.  98.  103,  107,  108,  120,  121, 
127,  129,  133,  138,  139,  145,  146,  151, 
154,  161,  177,  178,  185,  194,  196,  197, 
J99.  2I3>  2I7>  2I9)  228,  230,  258,  259, 
260,  277,  284 

Taylor,  H.  Genet,  Jr., 258 

Taylor,  Marmaduke  B., 106 

Taylor,  Othniel  G.,....92,  124,  186,  226 
Taylor,  Dr.  Othniel  H., 

8,  11,  16,  17,  19,  24,   25,   27,  29,  31, 
38,  40,  51,  53,  89,  91,  104,  115,  276 

Taylor,  Richard  Cooper, 258 

Taylor,  Dr.  Robert  G. , 

66,  83,  131,  149,  195.  197 
Taylor,  Dr.  William  G.,...io8,  129,  131 

Tenotomy, 87 

Test,  Richard  W.,  91,  107,  124,  180 

Thacker a ,  Dan  iel , 142 

Thoman,  F.  G., 124 

Thomas,  Dr.  W.  G., 45,  51,54 

Thompson,  Alicia  B., 262 

Thompson,  Mrs.  C.  G., 268 

Thompson,  Dr.  T.  B. 245 

Thompson,  William  J., 208 

Thompsonians, 13 

Thornton,  Dr.  Jacob  P., 8,  11,  17 

Tidball ,  Mrs".  Thomas  A. , 266 

Tokarska,  Theresa, 255 

Tomlinson,  Dr.  Edwin, 

39,  114,  134,  163,  279 
Townsend,  Dr.  E.  P., 

154,  157.  178,  186,  244,  279 

Treen,  Florence  I,., 264 

Trichina, 191 

Troth  .Henry, 142 

Troth,  Mary  L-, 143 

Truscott,  J.  Lynn, 187 

Tuberculin, 252 

Tuberculosis, 246 ,  247 

Tullis,  Dr.  Eli  R., 

101,  117,  120,  144,  210,  278 


Tullis,  Mrs.  E.  R., 210 

Tuttle,  Dr.  C.  P 118 

Twelves,  Mrs.  Richard, 266 

Tyler,  W.  B., 217 

Ty  rotoxicon , 201 

Tyson,  Dr.  James, 169 

\J 

Uebelacker,  Dr.  A.,  256 

Underhill,  Mrs.  G.  R., 268 

University : 

Brown 223 

Bucknell, ..108,  114,  282 

Cornell, 144 

Pennsylvania 4,  253 

Uterus,  Rupture  of, 112 

Vaccination, 166.  167,  173,  204 

Van  Benschoten,  George, 172 

Van  Leer,  Dr.  Benjamin, 5 

Van  Lennep,  Dr.  W.  H., 211,  274 

Van  Valin,  Mrs.  C.  R.  A., 267 

Vansant,  J.  A.,  103 

Vansant,  Mrs.  J.  A.,  102 

Varick,  Dr.  Theodore  R.....97,  148,  218 

Variola 51 

Varioloid, 51 

Varney,  Mrs.  A.  R., 217 

Varney,  Thaddeus  P., 205,  249 

Ven  ton ,  Zober , 208 

Veterans,  Sons  of, 145,  176 

Veterinarians 221,  285 

Voorhets,  Peter,  L., 

102,  141,  212,  213,  217,  258 
Voorhees,  Peter  V. , 

187,  217,  228,  258,  262 
Vroom,  Mrs.  George  A., 269 

ML 

Wakefield,  Mrs.  G.  W., 273 

Wallace,  Dr.  C.  J., 101 

Wallace,  Dr.  Shippen, 201 

Wallace,  Dr.  S.  G., 118 

Wallins,  Dr.  M.  W., 100 

Walmsley,  Dr.  James  A., 

98,  119,  140,  144,  193,  206,  250 

Walmsley  Dr.  J.  Winter, 256,  259 

Walsh,  Dr.  J.  F., 

I31,   J32,  135.   146,   186,   189,   191,  213, 
258,    282,  284 

Walter,  Dr.  Harry, 221 

Wars : 

Civil, 62,  63,  67,  89 

French  and  Indian, 4,  253 

"  1812," 5 

Mexican, 10 

Revolutionary, 2,  5 

Ward,  E.  A.,  169 

Ward,  Dr.  Walter, 100 


hid  ex. 


303 


Waring,  Anna, 143,  259 

Waring,  Thomas,  259 

Warner,  Dr.  J.  C, 6 

Warner,  J.  W., 251 

Warnock,  Dr.  William, 

I75»  187,  193,  227 
Water-supply : 

Camden, 53,  62,  119,  194,  195,  207 

Gloucester  City, 195,  207,  251 

Haddonfield, 195,  207 

Merchantville,  195,  207 

Waters,  Mrs.  W.  T., 268 

Watson,  Dr   B.  A., 217 

Watson,  Charles, 204,  210,  249 

Watson,  Mrs.  Joseph  H., .' 102 

Watson,  Naomi  B  , 262 

Watson,  Dr.  W.  P 255,  256 

Waugh,  Mrs.  K.  E.  S., 260 

Weatherby,  Dr.  J.  C 6 

Weatherby,  Joseph  P., 187 

Welch,  Dr.  George  T., 246 

Welch,  Mrs.  Marie  E., 263 

Wells,  Frank, 277 

Wells,  Mrs.  Richard, 267 

Wentz,  Thomas, 169 

West,  Dr.  B.  R., n8 

West,  Dr.  Maximilian , 

98,  131,  132,  133,  134 

Westcott,  Hon.  J.  Deighton,  250 

Westcott,  Dr.  Thomas  D., 108,  113 

Westcott,  Dr.  William  A., 175 

Westville , 242 

Westwood,  Rev.  John  R., 260 

White,  Dr.  J.  Orlando, 

88,  94,   107,   108,  in,  121,   131,   153, 

241 

Wickes,  Dr.  Stephen, 140 

Wilbur,  Dr.  G   F.,- 256 

Wilcox,  Rev.  Moses, 187 

Wildman,  Rachel  C, 260 

Wiley,  Dr.  John, 73 

Wilkinson,  Dr.  R  M 101 

Williams,  Dr.  Alban, 74 

Williams,  Dr.  Charles  S., 221 

Williams,  David  H., 208 

Williams,  Dr.  F.  E-, 

99,  101,  117,  144,  171,  206 

Williams,  Thomas  A.  J., 260 

Williams.  Dr.  W.  C, 117   273 


Wills,  Dr.  Daniel, 3 

Wills,  Dr.  Jesse  J.,  186,  189,   193,  283 
Wills,  Dr,  Joseph  H., 

!75.  179,  186,  189,  193,  194,  213,  217, 
222,  229,  232,  236,  242,  259,  260,  283, 

284 

Wilson,  George  E., 96 

Wilson,  Mrs.  George  E., 102 

Wilson,  Dr.  H.  Augustus, 242 

Wilson,  Henry  B., 

103,  187,  228,  20o,  262 

Wilson,  Mrs.  Henry  B.,  102 

Wilson,  Isaac  P., 169 

Wilson,  Lewis  H., 143 

Wilson,  Thomas  A., 91,  107 

Wingender,  Dr.  W.  P. ,....256,  279,  281 

Wise,  Florence, 215 

Wistar ,  Josiah , 142 

Wood,  Alexander  C. ,...'. 142,  258 

Wood,  Allan  C, 250 

Wood,  Dr.  J.  B., 118 

Wood,  Mary  Emma  S  , 142 

Wood,  Samuel, 208 

Wood.  Susan  S., 142 

Woodhull,  John  T., 146 

Woodruff,  Dr.  A.  D.,..8,  12,  19,  34,  113 
Woodward,  Dr.  George  D., 

99,  101,  117,  175,  211,  223,  273,  282 
Woolston,  Dr.  Elijah  B., 

57,  68,  77,  134,  192 

Worrell,  Dr.  M.  F., 118 

Worthington,  Dr.  A.  H., 255,  256 

Wright,  Mrs.  Abigail  M., 212 

Wright,  John  W., 

141,  212,  213,  217,  258 

Wright,  Dr.  Willard, 161,  245 

Wroth,  Dr.  J.  H., 

133,  137.  146,  151,  157 
Wynn,  Dr.  E.  S., 98 

V 

York ,  Duke  of, 1,3 

Young,  Mrs.  Charles  E., 267 

Young,  Dr.  I.  Gilbert,. ..59,  65,  83,  158 


Zell,  Col.  T.  Elwood, 96 

Zimmerman,  Mrs.  Walter, 269 


